Usmle Step 1 Flashcards Set 4 Of 5

Front 1

Lactose formers

Back 1

“CEEK”
Citrobacter
Enterobacter
E.Coli (K1 capsule most important)
Klebsiella

Front 2

Non lactose formers

Back 2

SHYPS”
Shigella
Yersinia enterolytica (AKA Pestis)
Proteus
Salmonella

Front 3

May lack color

Back 3

“These rascals may microscopically lack color”:
Treponema
Mycobacterium
Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia

Front 4

increased cAMP

Back 4

“CAPE”
Cholera
Anthracis (Poly D glutamate capsule)
Pertusis (via Gi)
E.coli (LT enterotoxin)

Front 5

Have Capsules [ie… are Quellung Reaction (+)]

Back 5

“Some killers have pretty nice capsules”
Strep. Pneumoniae
Klebsiella
HiB
Pseudamona Aeroginosa
Neisseria meningitis
Cryptococcus neoformans (only encapsulated fungal pathogen)

Front 6

Dimorphic Fungi

Back 6

"Can Also Have Both Shapes”
Cocciodes
Aspergillus
Histolpasma
Blastomyces
Sprothrix schenkii

Front 7

Have Beta Prophage

Back 7

OBED
O = Salmonella
B = Botulinum
E = Erythrogenic strep
D = Diptheria

Front 8

Spore Forming Bacteria

Back 8

Bacilus & Clostridium (have calcium di-picolinate)

Front 9

IgA Proteases

Back 9

Neisseria, Haemophilus, S. pneumoniae

Front 10

Widal Test

Back 10

Salmonella (Salmonella begins in the ileocecal region) agglutination indicates Abs to O, H, Vi Salmunella Ags

Front 11

Wayson’s Stain

Back 11

Yersinia

Front 12

Pneumonic Plaque Transmission

Back 12

Person to person cf w/ Bubonic plaque that was via infected flea

Front 13

Splenectomy

Back 13

Predisposes to septicemia

Front 14

Invasins

Back 14

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Front 15

Fusiform

Back 15

Vincent’s trench mouth

Front 16

Strep viridans

Back 16

Dextran mediated adherence
alpha hemolytic, no capsule, optochin resistant, not bile soluble

S. mutans: dental caries
S. sanguis: subacute endocarditis

Front 17

Obligate Anaerobes

Back 17

Clostridium, Actinomyces, Bacteroides

Front 18

Obligate Aerobes

Back 18

Pseudomonas & Mycobacterium

Front 19

Staph aureus

Back 19

A Protein, Catalase +/ Coagulase +

Front 20

Spirochetes

Back 20

Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira

Front 21

Non Motile Gram (+) Rods

Back 21

Corenybacterium D & Nocardia

Front 22

Acid Fast Organisms

Back 22

Mycobacterium; Cryptosporidium; Nocardia (partially); Legionella micdadei; Isospora

Front 23

Pigment Producing Bacteria

Back 23

Serratia – red (can cause pseudohemoptysis)
Pseudomonas A – piocyanin blue/green
Staph Aureus – yellow – Protein A
Mycobacteria – photo/scoto chromogenic – caritinoid – yellow/orange
Corneybacterium D – black/gray – pseudomembrane plaque in throat
Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) melaninogenicus – black (heme)
E. coli – irredescent green sheen

Front 24

Bacterial Morphology

Back 24

Pneumococci – lancet shaped diplococci
Neisseria – kidney bean shaped diplococci
Camphylobacter – gulls’ wings/comas
Vibrio Cholera – coma shaped
Corneybacterium D – club shaped (nonmotile, G+Rod)
Yersinia – safety pin seen in Wayson’s stain

Front 25

Inclusion Bodies

Back 25

Rabies – Negri bodies – intracytoplasmic
Pox virus – Guarnieri – intracytoplasmic & acidophilic
CMV – Owl’s eyes – intracytoplasmic & intranuclear
HSV – Cowdry bodies – intranuclear

Front 26

Schistosoma Japonicum Monsoni

Back 26

Intestinal – contact w/ bad water

Front 27

Schistosoma Haematolium

Back 27

Vesicular – contact w/ bad water

Front 28

Non Human Schistosom

Back 28

Swimmer’s itch – contact w/ bad water

Front 29

Clonorchichis

Back 29

Chinese liver fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

Front 30

Fasciola Hepatica

Back 30

Sheep – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

Front 31

Fasciola Biski

Back 31

Giant intestinal flukes – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

Front 32

Paragonimus Westermani

Back 32

Lung fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

Front 33

Oxidase (+)

Back 33

Neiserria and most Gram (-)s

Front 34

Micro Aerophilic

Back 34

Camphylobacter & Helicobacter

Front 35

Urease (+)

Back 35

All Proteus – can cause Staghorn/Struvite calculi (NH4- Mg2- stones): alkaline urine
Ureaplasma
Campylobacter pylori (Helicobacter)
Cryptococcus
Nocardia

Front 36

Coagulase (+)

Back 36

Staph A & Yersenia pestis

Front 37

Obligate Intracellular Bacteria

Back 37

Treponema palidum & Pneumocystis Carinii (cannot be cultured on inert media but can be found extra cellularly in the body)

Front 38

Haemophilus Factors

Back 38

Haemophilus Factors

Front 39

All cocci are

Back 39

Gram (+) except for Neisseria & Moraxella

Front 40

“Eaton Fried Eggs”

Back 40

Mycoplasma pneumoniae has fried egg colonies on Eaton agar (needs cholesterol)

Front 41

Mycoplasma

Back 41

No cell wall. Membrane has cholesterol. Smallest living bacteria.
P1 protein inhs ciliary action
Fried egg colonies
Atypical pneumonia – young adults

Front 42

Sabrands

Back 42

Fungal media

Front 43

Malassazia furfur

Back 43

Spaghetti & meat ball

Front 44

Measles’ 3C’s

Back 44

Cough – Coryza – Conjunctivitis. Can also have photophobia
May lead to subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Front 45

Non Motile Bacilli & Clostridium

Back 45

B. Anthracis & C. Perfringens

Front 46

Bloody diarrhea agents

Back 46

EIEC – EHEC – Shigella - Yersenia enterocolitica – Entaemeba histolytica – Salmonella – Campylobacter jejuni

Front 47

YW-135CA

Back 47

N. meningitidis vaccine capsualr polysaccharide strains

Front 48

Indian Ink

Back 48

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 49

Naegleria causes

Back 49

Colonization in the nasal passages after swimming

Front 50

Need Cysteine for growth

Back 50

“Ella likes cysteine”:
Francisella
Brucella
Legionella
Pasturella

Front 51

Osteoporosis

Back 51

465. Heparin
466. Corticosteroids

Front 52

Protozoa

Back 52

89. Plasmodium; Toxoplasma ghondi; Babesin; Leishmania; Trypanosoma Cruzi

Front 53

Obligate Non Intracellular Parasites

Back 53

90. Treponema palidum & Pneumocystis Carinii (cannot be cultured on inert media but can be found extra cellularly in the body)

Front 54

Endotoxins, G(+) or G(-)

Back 54

Gram (-): N. meningitidis

Front 55

Ecthyma Gangrenosum, seen w/

Back 55

Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Target shaped skin lesions w/ a black center and red ring surrounding the lesion

Front 56

Endospores G(+)

Back 56

Gram (+): Bacillus & Clostridium – made up of dipicolinate & Keratin

Front 57

Multi Brain Abscess

Back 57

Nocardia

Front 58

Single Brain Abscess

Back 58

Actinomyces israelli

Front 59

↑ risk for Strep pneum Infection

Back 59

Asplenic; Sickle cell anemia; immunocompromising illness

Front 60

α Hemolysis/Optochin Sensitive

Back 60

Strep. Pneumoniae

Front 61

α Hemolysis/Optochin Resistant

Back 61

Strep. Viridans (Subacute Endocarditis)

Front 62

Staph. Saprophyticus

Back 62

Novobiocin Resistant (UTIs)

Front 63

Staph. Epidermidis

Back 63

Novobiocin sensitive (Endocarditis in IVDUs)

Front 64

β Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive

Back 64

Strep. Pyogenes (pharyngitis; Scarlet fever; cellulitis; impetigo; Rheumatic fever))
Hyaluronic capsule; non-motile; M proteins; Endotoxin A

Front 65

β Hemolysis/Bacitracin Resistant

Back 65

Strep. Agalactiae (Diabetes predisposes to infection)

Front 66

EFII Ribosylation

Back 66

Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotoxon A

Front 67

Bacillus Anthracis: 3 toxins
(work via adenylate cyclase)

Back 67

Protective Antigen (PA)
Lethal Factor = toxic to macrophages
Edema Factor = ↑ cAMP

Front 68

Woolsorter’s Disease

Back 68

Bacillus anthracis. DOC: Penicillin

Front 69

Grows in Rice

Back 69

Bacillus Cereus

Front 70

Clostridium Perfringens

Back 70

Double Zone β Hemolysis (test)
Lecithinase: α toxin = lyses RBCs
80% of gas gangrene (myonecrosis) cases

Front 71

Clostridium Difficile

Back 71

2 Toxins: Enterotoxin (Exotoxin A) & Cytotoxin (Exotoxin B)
Pseudomembranous colitis (can be precipitated by clindamycin/ampicillin)

Front 72

Spastic Paralysis toxin

Back 72

Clostridium Tetani toxin

Front 73

Clostridium Botulinum

Back 73

Bad canned foods have neurotoxin = flaccid paralysis (block Ach release)

Front 74

Infant Botulinum

Back 74

Floppy Baby Syndrome. Pre formed toxin in honey

Front 75

Thayer Martin Agar

Back 75

Neisseria ID

Front 76

DOC for N. gonorrhoeae

Back 76

Ceftriazone

Front 77

K1 E. Coli Capsular Ag

Back 77

Related w/ neonateal meningitis

Front 78

The A’s of Klebsiella

Back 78

Alcoholics
Aspiration pneumonia
Abscesses in the lungs

Front 79

Rice H2O Diarrhea

Back 79

Vibrio Cholera: metabolic acidosis

Front 80

Raw seafood intoxication

Back 80

Vibrio parahemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus

Front 81

Helicobacter Txt

Back 81

Bismuth salts; Metronidazole; Tetracycline (or amoxicillin)

Front 82

↑ risk of P. aeroginosa infection

Back 82

Burn patients & Cystic fibrosis

Front 83

Contact lens’ infection

Back 83

Pseudomonas aeroginosa

Front 84

Cat Bites

Back 84

Pasteurella multocida

Front 85

Undulant Fever

Back 85

Brucella

Front 86

Bordet Gengou Agar

Back 86

Bordetella pertusis ID

Front 87

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

Back 87

M. tuberculosis ID

Front 88

Cat Scratch Disease

Back 88

Bartonella henselae. Lesion can resemble Kaposi’s sarcoma.
Toxoplasmosis

Front 89

Pink Eye

Back 89

Adenovirus (type 8)

Front 90

True Hemaphrodite

Back 90

Testes & Ovaries are present

Front 91

Pseudo Hemaphrodite

Back 91

External genitalia does not coincide w/ gonads

Front 92

Male Pseudo Hemaphrodite

Back 92

Testicular Feminization

Front 93

HLA Genes Location

Back 93

6p

Front 94

Parvovirus B19

Back 94

Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA). Linked w/ sicle cell anemia

Front 95

Interferon MOA

Back 95

Inhibits viral replication (translation or transcription)

Front 96

Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis

Back 96

Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A

Front 97

Parainfluenza Causes…

Back 97

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

Front 98

Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis

Back 98

Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)

Front 99

RSV

Back 99

Bronchiolitis in infants

Front 100

Removed tonsils, find what virus

Back 100

In 80%, Adenovirus. In the immunosuppressed, activation can occur

Front 101

Bone Fever

Back 101

Dengue: Group B Togavirus, from the Arbovirus, transmitted by mosquitos

Front 102

HbsAg

Back 102

Appears in blood soon after infection, before onset of acute illness
Disappears w/in 4-6 months after the start of clinical illness

Front 103

HbeAg

Back 103

Appears early acute phase, indicates higher risk of transmitting the disease
Disappears before HbsAg is gone

Front 104

Anti-Hbc

Back 104

1. Present in beginning of clinical illness
2. Seen in the “window phase”

Front 105

Filamentous Bacteria

Back 105

Actinomycetes = Nocardia; Actinomyces; Streptomyces

Front 106

Listeria contaminates

Back 106

Unpasteurized Milk, cheese, vegetables (coleslaw) in recent infections.

or by vaginal transmission during birth (granulomatosis infantiseptica)

Front 107

Shiga like Toxin

Back 107

E. Coli 0157/H7: Hemorrhagic colitis & Hemorrhagic uremic syndrome

Front 108

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Back 108

Group A Streptococci

Front 109

Relapsing Fever

Back 109

Borrelia recurrentis

Front 110

Loffler’s Medium

Back 110

Corneybacterium diphtheriae

Front 111

Chlamydiae Developmental Cycle

Back 111

1. Elementary Body: infeccious particle that Enters the cell
2. Reticulate Body: made from elementary body. Replicates, differentiates and releases elementary bodies to infect other cells
3. W/ infection you will see Glycogen containing inclusions
4. Cell wall lacks muramic acid

Front 112

Trench Fever

Back 112

Rochalimaea quintana

Front 113

“Spotted Fever” Members

Back 113

1. Rickettssia rickettsii (RMSF) & R. akari (rickettsial pox) in the U.S.
2. R. sibirica (tick typhus in China) & R. australis (typhus in Australia)

Front 114

Thrush Txt

Back 114

Nystatin txts candidiasis of the mouth

Front 115

Rose Bush Thorns

Back 115

Have Sporothrix schenckii

Front 116

Contact lens solution infection

Back 116

Acanthamoeba

Front 117

Filiariasis Causant

Back 117

Wucheria bancrofti (infection aka elephantitis & wucheriasis

Front 118

Freshwater lake infection

Back 118

Causes amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri

Front 119

Reduviid bug bite

Back 119

Transmits Trypanoma cruzi (Chagas’ disease): Romana’s Sign

Front 120

Schistosoma Haematobium causes

Back 120

Bladder calcificaiton & cancer

Front 121

Schistosoma Mansoni causes

Back 121

Presinusoidal HTN, splenomagaly, esophageal varices

Front 122

Snail, intermediate host of…

Back 122

Schistosomiasis

Front 123

Ixodes scapularis transmits

Back 123

Babesia (clinically rembles malaria) & Borelia burgdorferi

Front 124

Nantucket Protozoa

Back 124

Babesia microt

Front 125

Infection by Reduviid Bug

Back 125

Trypansoma cruzi: Chagas’ Disease

Front 126

Infection by TseTse Fly

Back 126

Trypansoma brucei gambiense & rhodiense: African Sleeping Sickness

Front 127

Infection by Sandfly

Back 127

Leishmaniasis: Mucocutaneous Diseases by L. braziliensis & Visceral Disease by L. donovani & Dermal Leishman by L. tropica, mexicana, peruviana

Front 128

Infection by Ixodes Tick

Back 128

Babesia microti: Babesiosis & Borrelia burgdorferi: Lyme Disease

Front 129

Infection by Anopheles Mosquito

Back 129

Malaria

Front 130

Trophozoites w/ “Face-Like” Appearance

Back 130

Giardia lamblia

Front 131

Nonseptate Hyphae

Back 131

Zygomycosis: Rhizopus & Mucor. Only mycosis w/o septate. Infect Ketoacidotic Diabetics.

Front 132

Histoplasmosis Geography

Back 132

Ohio, Mississippi, Misouri River valleys

Front 133

Coocidioidomycosis Geography

Back 133

Southwestern deserts, California

Front 134

Blastomycosis Geography

Back 134

States east of Mississippi River

Front 135

Paracoccidioidomycosis Geography

Back 135

Latin America

Front 136

Roseola Infection, aka

Back 136

Exanthema Subitum: “Sixth Disease” (Human Herpes Virus-6 dsDNA, enveloped)

Front 137

Herpangina

Back 137

“Hand-Foot-and-Mouth” Disease: Coxsackie A (Picornavirus +ssRNA)

Front 138

Orthomyxovirus

Back 138

1. –ssRNA, enveloped virus.
2. Spike Glycoproteins (peplomeres): HA = Hemagluttinin & NA = Neuraminidase. These peplomeres are what give the virus antigenis variation
3. Influenza A & B

Front 139

Paramyxovirus

Back 139

1. –RNA, enveloped. Most common cause of respiratory infections in kids
2. Mumps
3. Croup(Parainfluenza virus)
4. Rubeola(Measles virus)
5. RSV

Front 140

Togavirus

Back 140

1. +ssRNA, enveloped
2. 3 Day Measles: German Measles: Rubella/ Rubivirus
3. Encephalitis viruses: Alphaviruses: Eastern (more severe) and Western Equine Encephalitis

Front 141

Flaviviris

Back 141

1. Dengue Fever – icterus & hemorrhage w/ blac vomit
2. Yellow fever
3. St. Louis Encephalitis – no hepatitis or hemorrhage

Front 142

Bunyavirus

Back 142

1. –ssRNA, enveloped
2. California Encephalitis – severe bifrontal headaches
3. Hantavirus – hemorrhagic fever w/ acute resp. distress syndrome

Front 143

IgA Protease Activity

Back 143

1. H. Influenzae (needs factors V & X for growth)
2. Strep. Pneumoniae
3. N. meningitidis
4. N. gonnorhoae
5. W/ this activity these bugs are able to colonize the oral mucosa.

Front 144

Diphtheria: ABCDEFG

Back 144

1. Adenopathy
2. β Prophage encodes the exotoxin
3. Corneybacteria is Club shaped
4. Diphtheria
5. Elongation Factor II
6. Granules (metachromatic)

Front 145

Only ssDNA

Back 145

Parvovirus: “Part of a virus”

Front 146

Only dsRNA

Back 146

Reovirus, “RepeatOvirus”

Front 147

Naked RNA

Back 147

“Naked for CPR”: Calcivirus; Picornovirus; Reovirus

Front 148

2 circular DNAs

Back 148

Papovavirus & Hepadnavirus

Front 149

BK

Back 149

Papovavirus. Seen in kidney transplant patients (causes renal disease)

Front 150

Hepadna, Retrovirus?

Back 150

No, but has reverse transcriptase

Front 151

Picornovirus: “PERCH”

Back 151

Poiliovirus; Echo; Rhino; Coxsackie; Hep A

Front 152

Hemorrhagic Fevers

Back 152

Filovirus & Bunyavirus (Hantavirus)

Front 153

Segmented viruses

Back 153

All are RNA: Orthomyxo; Arena; Bunya; Reo

Front 154

Eclipse Phase

Back 154

No internal virus. 1 total virus per cell

Front 155

Latent Phase

Back 155

No external virus. Extracellular virus found

Front 156

Naked Capsid Virus

Back 156

Nucleocapsid. DNA or RNA + Structural proteins

Front 157

Enveloped Virus

Back 157

Membrane. Nucleocapsid + Glycoprotein

Front 158

Interferon

Back 158

Non virus specific. Works by RNA endonuclease = digests viral DNA + inh viral prot synth

Front 159

AIDS structural prots

Back 159

Env: gp120, gp21
gag: p24 (capsid protein)
Pol: reverse transcriptase

Front 160

AIDS regulatory prots

Back 160

Tat, rev, nef

Front 161

AIDS gp41 env prot

Back 161

Transmembrane

Front 162

AIDS gp120 env prot

Back 162

Surface

Front 163

AIDS p17 gag prot

Back 163

Matrix

Front 164

AIDS p24 gag prot

Back 164

Capsid

Front 165

AIDS p7p9 gag prot

Back 165

Nucleocapsid

Front 166

DNA Viruses

Back 166

"HHAPPPPy" viruses

Herpes
Hepadna
Adeno
Parvo: SS (-)
Papilloma
polyoma
pox

Front 167

(+) RNA Viruses

Back 167

C= Calici
P= Picorno
R= Reo
F= Flavi
T= Toga
C= Corona

Front 168

(-) RNA Viruses

Back 168

F= Filo
O= Orthomyxo
R= Rhabdo
P= Paramyxo
A= Arena
B= Bunya

Front 169

Hepatitis Window Period

Back 169

After HbsAg disappears & Before HbsAb appears

Front 170

Hepatitis A

Back 170

Picorna

Front 171

Hepatitis B

Back 171

Hepadna

Front 172

Hepatitis C

Back 172

Flavi

Front 173

Hepatitis D

Back 173

Delta

Front 174

Hepatitis E

Back 174

Calici

Front 175

Downey Type II cells

Back 175

EBV

Front 176

Infection by Aedes Mosquito

Back 176

Yellow Fever: Flavivirus: Black vomit, jaundice, high fever

Front 177

“Hot T-Bone stEAk”: ILs

Back 177

IL1 = ↑ Temp: HOT
IL2 = stimulate T cells
IL3 = stimulate Bone Marrow stem cells’ growth & differentiation (GM CSF)
IL4 = stimulate IgE (& IgG)
IL5 = stimulate IgA (& eosinophils)

Front 178

ILs Secreted by CD4s

Back 178

IL2, IL4, IL5, IFN gamma

Front 179

ILs Secreted by Macrophages

Back 179

IL1 & TNF α

Front 180

C5a

Back 180

Neutral chemotaxis.
When it is w/ C3a, participates in anaphylaxis

Front 181

C5 Convertase

Back 181

When both Alternative and Classic pathways come together
Alternative: C3b, Bb, C3b + C3a → C5
Classic: 2b, 3b, C3a + C4b → C5

Front 182

Only Richettssia not Intracellular

Back 182

Quintana

Front 183

Plasmodium Life Cycle

Back 183

Sporozoites: from blood to liver
Primary tissue schizont
Trophozoites: in RBC
Erythrocytic schizont
Merozoite: ruptured RBC
Gametozyte
Zygote: inside the mosquito

Front 184

Acanthamoeba

Back 184

Star shaped cysts

Front 185

Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia

Back 185

Nonseptate, filamentous, 90 degree branching, indian in, capsular halos

Front 186

Cryptococcus Neoformans

Back 186

Monomorphic

Front 187

Candida

Back 187

Yeast normally, pseudo & true hyphae in tissue infections

Front 188

Aspergillus Fumigatum

Back 188

45 degree branching point, asoc’d w/ cystic fibrosis & burns pt

Front 189

Cocciodes

Back 189

Hyphae in wild. Artroconidia. Arthocondida & Hyphae. Sherules w/ endospores

Front 190

Histoplasma Cap

Back 190

Hyphae in wild. Microcondida w/ tuberculate macrocondida. Fac intracellular. In the tissue it’s a yeast w/ a small neck.

Front 191

Blastomycosis

Back 191

Hyphae in wild

Front 192

Sporothrix Schenkii

Back 192

Hyphae in wild. Potas iodide in milk. Pneumonia in alcoholics.

Front 193

PCP

Back 193

Obligate parasite. Kills type I pneumo cells. Ground glass

Front 194

Gram (-) Bugs w/ Exotoxins

Back 194

E. Coli; V. Cholera; Bordetella Pertussis

Front 195

Dermatophytes

Back 195

Trichophyton: SHN
Microsporium: SH
Epidermophyton: SN
Tinea tavus: permanent hair loss

Front 196

E. Histolitica

Back 196

Transmission: Cysts
Diagnosis: Trophozoites or cysts in stool

Front 197

Giardia

Back 197

Transmission: Cysts
Diagnosis: Trophozoites or cysts in stool

Front 198

Cryptosporidium

Back 198

Transmission: Cysts
Diagnosis: acid fast oocysts

Front 199

Balantium C.

Back 199

Transmission: Cysts
Diagnosis: Trophozoites or cysts in stool

Front 200

Trichomonas V.

Back 200

Transmission: Trophozoites
Diagnosis: Motile trophozoites

Front 201

Vivax

Back 201

Fever: Benign 3 degrees
Fever spike: 48h
Enlarged host cell

Front 202

Ovale

Back 202

Fever: Benign 3 degrees
Fever spike: 48h
oval/jagged

Front 203

Malariae

Back 203

Fever: 4 degrees of Malarial
Fever spike: 72 irregular
Crescent

Front 204

Falciparum

Back 204

Fever: malignant 3 degrees

Front 205

Only DNA virus to replicate in cytoplasm:

Back 205

Pox

Front 206

Only RNA virus to replicate in nucleus:

Back 206

Influenza

Front 207

The only protein capsule

Back 207

Bacillus anthracis

Front 208

Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)

Back 208

elicits lymphocytosis rather than granulocytosis

Front 209

Cryptococcus neoformans

Back 209

often lacks a capsule and, when stained with GMS, looks just like Pneumycistis carinii, except that Cryptococcus lacks the prominent nucleoli.

Front 210

Weil Felix reaction:

Back 210

(+)R. rickettssi & (+)Proteus vulgaris & P. mirabilis

Front 211

Treponema pallidum (Syphilis) tests:

Back 211

1)VDRL
2)FTA-Abs: most widely used
3)TPI (immobilization test – most expensive but the Gold Standard)

Front 212

IL1

Back 212

Source: Monocytes, macrophages
Function: Stimulates T cell proliferation & IL2 produciton

Front 213

IL2

Back 213

Source: Macrophages, T & NK cells
Function: Stim prolif of B, T & NK cell

Front 214

IL3

Back 214

Source: T cells
Function: GF of tissue mast cells & hematopoietic stem cells

Front 215

IL4

Back 215

Source: T cells
Function: ↑ growth of B & T cells/ ↑ HLA II Ags

Front 216

IL5

Back 216

Source: T cells
Function: Maturation of B → plasma cell

Front 217

IL6

Back 217

Source: T cells, monocytes
Function: Maturation of B & T cell/ (-) fibroblasts

Front 218

IFN α

Back 218

Source: B cells, macrophages
Function: Antiviral activity

Front 219

IFN β

Back 219

Source: Fibroblasts
Function: Antiviral activity

Front 220

IFN gamma

Back 220

Source: T & NK cells
Function: Antiviral activity, (+) macrophages, ↑ HLA II Ags