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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name two fast-acting insulins
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lispro and aspart
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Where does regular insulin fall on the spectrum of fast to slow acting?
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slower than the fast acting, faster than the intermediate acting insulins
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Name an intermediate acting insulin
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NPH
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Name two long-acting insulins
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glargine and detemir
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What is the mechanism of action of sulfonureas?
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Close K+ channel in the beta cell membrane so cell depolarizes, triggering insulin release via calcium influx
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tolbutamide is what class of drug?
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first gen sulfonurea
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chlorpropamide is what class of drug?
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first gen sulfonurea
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Which type of diabetes do you use sulfonureas for?
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type II
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What's the main toxic effect of first gen sulfonureas?
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disulfiram-like effects
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What's the main toxic effect of second gen. sulfonureas?
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hypoglycemia
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Glyburide, glimepiride, and glipizide are what kind of drugs?
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second gen. sulfonureas
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What's the MOA and use of metformin?
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MOA- exact mechanism is unknown but it decreases gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, and increases peripheral glucose uptake
Used for diabetes; can be used in patients with no islet cell function |
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What the worse adverse effect of metformin?
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lactic acidosis, it's contraindicated in renal failure
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What's the MOA and use of the glitazones?
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increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue; binds to the PPAR gamma nuclear transcription regulator
Used as monotherapy or combination therapy in type II DM |
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Name the adverse effects of the glitazones
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weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity, CV toxicity!!
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What is the MOA of acarbose?
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Inhibit intestinal brush border alpha glucosidases preventing glucose absorption
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What is the MOA of miglitol?
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Inhibit intestinal brush border alpha glucosidases preventing glucose absorption
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Side effects of the alpha glucosidase inhibitors?
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GI
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What is the MOA and use of pramlintide?
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Decreases glucagon, used in type 2 DM
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Side effects of pramlintide?
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hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea
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What is the mechanism of action and use of exenatide?
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MOA- increases insulin, decreases glucagon release
Use- Type 2 DM |
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Side effects of exenatide?
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nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis
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What category of drugs is exenatide in?
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GLP-1 analogs aka incretins
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What is the mechanism of action of propylthiouracil & methimazole?
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Inhibit organification of iodide and coupling of hormone synthesis
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What are propylthiouracil and methimazole used to treat?
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hyperthryoidism
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Side effects of propylthiouracil/methimazole?
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-skin rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia
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Which hyperthyroid drug is a possible teratogen?
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methimazole
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Side effects of levothyroxine/triiodothyroxine?
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tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythmias
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What drug can be used to treat Turner's syndrome?
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growth hormone
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What drug can be used to treat acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma?
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somatostatin
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What drug can be used to treat central DI?
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ADH
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What is the MOA and use of demeclocycline?
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ADH antagonist; used to treat SIADH
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Side effects of demeclocycline?
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nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, abnormalities of bone and teeth
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Why is it bad to stop glucocorticoids abruptly?
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because you end up with complete suppression of the HPA axis, inc. CRH, ACTH, and cortisol. BAD.
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