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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A distorted perception of reality, characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and/or disorganized thinking |
Psychosis |
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Perceptions in the absence of external stimuli (e.g., seeing a light that is not actually present) |
Hallucinations |
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Unique, false beliefs about oneself or others that persist despite the facts (e.g.,thinking aliens are communicating with you) |
Delusions |
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Misinterpret something that is actually there |
Illusions |
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Words and ideas are strung together based on sounds, puns, or ''loose associations'' |
Disorganized speech |
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What are the Hallucination types? |
-Visual -Auditory -Olfactory -Gustatory -Tactile -Hypnagogic -Hypnopompic |
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A Hallucination that is most commonly a feature of medical illness (e.g., drug intoxication) than psychiatric illness |
Visual Hallucination |
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A Hallucination that is most commonly a feature of psychiatric illness (e.g., schizophrenia) than medical illness |
Auditory Hallucination |
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A Hallucination that occur as an aura of psychomotor epilepsy and in brain tumors |
Olfactory Hallucination |
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A Hallucination that is common in alcohol withdrawal, also seen in cocaine abusers (e.g., formication -the sensation of bugs crawling on one's skin) |
Tactile hallucination |
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A Hallucination that occurs while going to slepp |
Hypnagogic |
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A Hallucination that occurs while waking from sleep (POMPous upon awakening) |
Hypnopompic |
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Chronic mental disorder with periods of pyschosis, disturbed behavior and thought, and decline in functioning that last >6 months |
Schizophrenia |
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Mental disorder associated with increases in dopaminergic activity, and decreases in dendritic branching |
Schizophrenia |
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Diagnosis of schizophrenia requires 2 or more of the following symptoms |
-Delusions -Hallucinations -Disorganized speech -Disorganized or catatonic behavior -Negative symptoms (flat affect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation...) |
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What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? |
-Delusions -Hallucinations -Disorganized speech -Disorganized or catatonic behavior |
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what are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia? |
flat affect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, lack of speech or thought |
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What is Brief psychotic disorder ? |
schizophrenia symptoms for < 1 month, usually stress related |
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what is schizophreniform disorder? |
schizophrenia symptoms for 1-6 months |
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what is schizoaffective disorder? |
schizophrenia symptoms for at least 2 weeks |
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Schizophreni positive symptoms are produced by ?
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Increases dopamin in the mesolimbic pathway |
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Schizophreni negative symptoms are produced by |
decrease dopamin in the mesolimbic pathway |
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Associated with genetic predisposition, in utero associated with viral infection, toxin exposure, birth trauma, patient brains are smaller with enlarged ventricles and thin cortex |
schizophrenia |
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A woman who genuinely believes she is married to a celebrity when, in fact she is not what disorder can have? |
Delusional disorder |
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What is the definition of schizoid? |
Patient that avoid social interaction |
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What is the definition of schizotypal? |
schizoid (patient that avoid social interaction)+ odd thinking |
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What is the definition of schizophrenic? |
Greater odd thinking than schizotypal |
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What is the definition of schizoaffective? |
Schizophrenic psychotic symptoms + bipolar or depressive mood disorder |
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Formerly known as multiple personality disorder, presence of 2 or more distinct identities or personality states, more common in women and is associated with history of sexual abuse |
Dissociative identity disorder |
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Persistent feelings of detachment or estrangement from one's own body,thought, perceptions,and actions or one's environment |
Depresonalization/derealization disorder |
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Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least 1 week |
Manic episode |
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Diagnosis of manic episode requires hospitalization or at least 3 of the following symptoms |
DIG FAST
-Distractibility -Irresponsibility -Grandiosity -Flight of ideas -Activity/Agitation -decreases need for Sleep -Talkativeness or pressured speech |
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Like manic episode except mood disturbance is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social function, no psychotic features, lasts at least 4 consecutive days |
Hypomanic episode |
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Defined by the presence of at least 1 manic episode with or without a hypomanic or depressive episode |
Bipolar type 1 |
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Defined by the presence of a hypomanic and a depressive episode, patient's mood and functioning usually return to normal between episodes |
Bipolar type II |
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What is the treatment of Bipolar type 2? |
-Lithium -Valproic acid -Carbamazepine -Risperidine -Aripiprazole -Olanzapine |
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What is Cyclothymic disorder ? |
Dysthymia and hypomanis; milder of bipolar disorder lasting at least 2 years, periods of normal mood (2 moths ) |
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What are the clinical use of Lithium ? |
Mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder; blocks relapse and acute manic events. also SIADH |
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What are the SE of Lithium? |
-Tremor -Heart block -Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus -Hypothyroidism -Fetal cardiac defect -Ebstein anomaly -Malformation of the great vessels |
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What antipsychotics drugs have high potency? |
Try to Fly High
-Trifluoperazine -Fluphenazine -Haloperidol |
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What antipsychotics drugs have low potency? |
Cheating Thieves are low
-Chlorpromazine -Thoridazine
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What are the non-neurologic side effects of low potency antipsychotics? |
Anticholinergic, antihistamine, alfa-blokade effects, block D2 receptors |
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What is the SE of Chlorpromazine? |
Corneal deposits |
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What is the SE of Thioridazine ? |
Retinal deposits |
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What are the SE of Haloperidol ? |
-NMS -Tardive dyskenesia |
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Exaggerated fear of embarrassment in social situations |
Social anxiety disorder |
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Disorder that may be self-limited disorder, with episodes that usually lasting 6-12 months |
Major disorder |
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Major depressive disorder is characterized by at least 5 of the following 9 symptoms for 2 or more weeks |
SIG E CAPS
-Sleep disturbance -loss of Interest -Guilt or feeling -Energy loss -Concentration problems -Appetute/wight changes -Psychomotor retardation -Suicidal ideations |
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Depression that lasting at least 2 years in adult and 1 year in kinds |
Persistent depressive disorder |
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Disorder that symptoms usually are associated with winter season |
Seasonal affective disorder |
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Most common subtype of depression, characterized by mood reactivity, reversed vegetative symptoms |
Atypical depression |
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Onset within 4 weeks of delivery or some weeks before delivery |
Postpartum mood disturbances |
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Disorder characterized by depressed affect, tearfulness, and fatigue starting 2-3 days after delivery, usually resolves within 10 days |
Maternal (porstpartum) blues |
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Disorder characterized by depressed affect, anxiety, and poor concentration starting within 4 weeks after delivery, lasts 2 weeks to a year or more |
Pospartum depression |
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Disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, confunsion, unusual behavior, and possible homicidal/suicidal ideations or attempts, last days to 4-6 weeks |
Postpartum psychosis |
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What are the clinical use of electroconvulsive therapy? |
-Major depressive disorder -Pregnant women with major depressive disorder -Catatonia
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What are the adverse effects of electroconvulsive therapy? |
-Disorientation -Temporary headache -Partial anterograde/retrogade amnesia |
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What are the risk factors for suicide completion? |
SAD PERSONS
-Sex (male) -Age (teenager or elderly) -Depression -Previous attempt -Ethanol -loss of Rational thinking -Sickness -Organized plan -No spouse -Social support lacking |
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Inappropriate experience of fear/worry and its physical manifestations, when the source of the fear/worry is either not real or insufficient to account for the severity of the symptoms |
Anxiety disorder |
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What are the symptoms of Panic disorder ? |
PANICS at least 4 of the folowing
-Palpitations -Paresthesias -Abdominal distress -Nause -Intense fear or losing control -Light headedness -Chest pain -Chills -Choking -disConnectedness -Sweating -Shaking -Shortness |
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What is the treatment of panic disorder? |
-Cognitive behavioral -SSRIs -Venlafaxine -Benzodiazepines - |
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Fear that is excessive or unreasonable and interferes with normal function |
Specific phobia |
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Exaggerated fear of embarrassment in social situations |
Social anxiety disorder |
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Exaggerated fear for open or enclosed places |
Agoraphobia |
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Uncontrollable anxiety for at least 6 months thta is unrelated to a specific person, situation, or event |
Generalized anxiety disorder |
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Disorder that present emotional symptoms causing impairment following an identifiable psychosocial stressor and lasting <6 months |
Adjustment disorder |
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What is the treatment of Obsessive compulsive disorder ? |
-SSRIs -Clomipramine |
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Preoccupation with minor or imagined defect in appearance, leading to significant emotional distress or impaired functions |
Body dysmorphic disorder |
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Persistent reexperiencing of a previous traumatic event, may involve nightmares or flashbacks, intense fear, helplessness, or horror |
Post-traumatic stress |
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What is the treatment of Post-traumatic stress? |
-Psychotherapy -SSRIs
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Patient consciously creates physical and/or psychological symptoms in order to assume ''sick role'' and to get medical attention |
Factitious disorders |
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Chronic factitious disorder with predominantly physical signs and symptoms, characterized by a history of multiple hospital admissions |
Munchausen syndrome |
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When illness in a child or elderly patient is caused by the caregiver |
Munchausen syndrome by proxy |
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Category of disorder characterized by physical symptoms with no identifiable physical cause, both illness production and motivation are unconscious drives |
Somatic symptoms and related disorder |
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Variety of complaints in one or more organ systems lasting for months to years, associated with excessive, persistent thoughts and anxiety about symptoms |
Somatic symptom disorder |
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Sudden loss of sensory or motor function, often following an acute stressor, patient is aware of but sometimes indifferent toward symptoms |
Conversion disorder |
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An enduring, repetitive pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself |
Personality trait |
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Inflexible, maladaptive, and rigidly pervasive pattern of behavior causing subjective distress and/or impaired functioning, usually presents by early adulthood |
Personality disorder |
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Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness, projection is the major defense mechanism |
Paranoid |
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Dramatic, emotional, or erratic, genetic association with mood disorders and substance abuse |
Cluster B personality disorder |
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Unstable mood and interpersonal relationships, impulsiveness, self-mutilation, boredom, sense of emptiness, splitting is a major defense mechanism |
Borderline |
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Excessive emotionality and excitability, attenrion seeking, sexually provocative, overly concerned with appearance |
Histrionic |
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Hypersensitive to rejection, socially inhibited, timid, feeling of inadequacy, desires relationships with others |
Avoidant |
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Preoccupation with order, perfectionism, and control, ego-syntonic: behavior consistent with one's own beliefs and attitudes |
Obsessive-compulsive |
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Submissive and clinging, excessive need to be taken care of, low self confidence |
Dependent |
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Drastic change in personality, memory, consciousness, or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress |
Dissociation |
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Avoiding the awareness of some painful reality |
Denial |
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Transferring avoided ideas and feelings to some neutral person or object |
Displacement |
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Partially remaining at a more childish level of development |
Fixation |
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Modeling behavior after another person who is more powerful |
Identification |
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Separating feelings from ideas and events |
Isolation (of affect) |
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Attributing an unacceptable internal impulse to an external source |
Projection |
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Proclaiming logical reasons for actions actually performed for other reasons, usually to avoid self-blame |
Rationalization |
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Replacing a warded-off idea or feeling by an emphasis on its opposite |
Reaction formation |
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Turning back the maturational clock and going back to earlier modes of dealing with the world |
Regression |
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Involuntary withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness |
Repression |
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Believing that people are either all good or am bad at different times due to intolerance of ambiguity |
Splitting |
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Alleviating guilty feelings by unsolicited generosity toward others |
Altruism |
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Appreciating the amusing nature of an anxiety provoking or adverse situation |
Humor |
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Intentional withholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness |
Supression |
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Teenager's aggression toward his father is redirected to perform well in sports What type of mature defenses is ? |
Sublimation |
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What are the clinical use of Buspirone? |
-Generalized anxiety disorder -Stimulates 5-HT1A receptors |
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Name some SSRIS drugs |
-Fluoxetin -Paroxetine -Sertraline -Citalopram
FLashbacks PARAlyze SEnior CITizens |
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What drugs inhibit 5-HT reuptake |
SSRIs |
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What are the symptoms of serotonin syndrome ? |
-Hyperthermia -confusion -myoclonus -cardiovascular collapse -flushing -diarrhea -seizures |
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What are the symptoms of serotonin triad ? |
-Metal status changes -Autonomic instability -Neuromuscular abnormality |
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What drugs inhibit norepinephrine and 5-HT reuptake ? |
SNRIs Tricyclic antidepressants |
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Name some SNRIs drugs |
Venlafaxine Duloxetine |
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What are the SE of tricyclic antidepressants? |
-Sedation -Alfa-block effect -Anticholinergic effects -Seizure -Convulsions -Coma -Cardiotoxicity |
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Name some monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors |
-Tranylcypromine -Phenelzine -Isocarboxazid -Selegiline
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What are the SE of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors ? |
-Hypertensive crisis -CNS stimulation |
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Name 3 Atypical antidepressants drugs |
-Bupropion -Mirtazapine -Trazodone |
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Atypical antidepressant that increases norepinephrine and dopamine also used for smoking cessation |
Bupropion |
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Atypical antidepressant that increases release of norepinephrine and 5-HT and is potent 5HT2 and 5HT3 receptor antagonist |
Mirtazapine |
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What are the SE of mirtazapine? |
-Sedation -Weight gain -Dry mouth |
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Atypical antidepressant that is used primarily for insomnia and cause sedation, nausea, priapism, and postural hypotension |
Trazodone |
