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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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osteopetrosis (Albers Schonberg Disease) symptoms
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hereditary diseases with impaired osteoclast activity --> decreased bone resorption; bones thick and brittle; anemia secondary to marrow loss; cranial nerve deficits due to narrowing of bony ostea; AR version death in childhood; AD version benign into adulthood
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DNA sequences that jump from bacterium to bacterium via plasmids
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Transposons
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How do you differentiate radiation therapy-induced necrosis from ischemic necrosis?
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Ionizing radiation involves randomly scattered geographic areas; ischemic necrosis favors central regions of neoplastic foci
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what's deficient in chronic granulomatous disease?
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neutrophil cytochrome B
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PGE1 agonist that decreases gastric acid secretion and promotes bicarbonate and mucus production
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Misoprostol
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Dopamine antagonist used as a prokinetic and antiemetic agent
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Metoclopramide
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How do you differentiate ITP from microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and TTP?
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MHA and TTP will display fragmented red blood cells
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Causes of hypoventilation of peripheral origin
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phrenic nerve paralysis, suffocation, submersion, poliomyelitis, tetanis, Pickwickian syndrome, chest trauma (steering wheel injury)
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causes of hypoventilation of central origin
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barbiturates, morphine
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Causes of decreased diffusion capacity
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thickened B/G barrier d/t diffuse interstitial fibrosis, sarcoidosis, asbestosis, hyaline membrane disease; decreased SA of B/G barrier (pneumonectomy, emphysema); less Hgb available (anemia, pulmonary embolism)
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What does a positive HBsAg test indicate?
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chronic carrier or active infection; if it was negative, but anti HBcAg IGM was present, it correlates with clearance of HBsAg
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When do multinucleated giant cells appear?
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originate from histiocytes and participate in inflamm rxn to pathogenic stimuli; e.g. granulomas (Tb, fungal infxn), lung injury, sarcoidosis, focal necrosis of fat
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most common primary cardiac tumor of adults
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atrial myxoma - single lesion in LA that may intermittently obstruct the mitral valve; composed of scattered mesenchymal cellsin a prominent myxoid background
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most common primary cardiac tumor of children
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rhabdomyoma - densley packed, striated muscle tissue
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Name the foramen of the ventricles within the brain
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Foramina of Monroe: connects lateral ventricles to 3rd ventricle
Aqueduct of Sylvius: connects 3rd and 4th ventricles Foramina of Luschka and Magendie drain the 4th ventricle |
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What acts as a negative allosteric regulator of phosphofructokinase I?
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citrate
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What acts as a potent allosteric activator of phosphofructokinaseI?
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fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
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where do the lymphatics of the lower limb drain?
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most drain into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes, except for the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the foot --> popliteal fossa
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Presentation: recurrent pulmonary infections, bronchiectasis, inability to conceive due to impaired sperm motility
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Kartagener Syndrome (AR disorder) with mutations in gene encoding Dynein (motor protein, responsible for cilia motiliy and retrograde axonal transport)
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Presentation: 38 y.o. female, 1st pregnancy, uneventful until 34th week, then swelling of hands and feet; hypertension, proteinuria, elevated liver enzymes, and decreased platelets
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Preeclampsia (1st event is placental ischemia). Due to abnormalities in trophoblast and alterations in the maturation of placental vessles; fails to acquire normal endothelial characteristics; placental ischemia triggers release of thromboplastic substances, increases renin synthesis, and reduces PGE levels
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"Heart failure cells"
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Hemosiderin-laden macrophages
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Rhomboid-shaped crystals
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Charcot-Leyden crystals found in allergic asthma
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Encapsulated pairs of small cocci
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Pneumococcal pneumonia
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HLA DR3/DR4 -- increased risk for?
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33-fold greater risk for developing diabetes
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HLA B27/B27 -- increased risk for?
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increased risk of ankylosing spondylitis and Reiters
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HLA-DR2/DR2 -- risk?
HLA-DR4/DR4 -- risk? |
DR2 - DECREASED risk of developing diabetes; DR4 - INCREASED risk of developing diabetes
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HLA-DR2/DR3
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three times the risk of developing diabetes
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Complication of 2nd and 3rd trimester from ascending infectin through the vaginal canal
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Chorioamnionitis (may lead to premature rupture, abortion, or labor)
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Deficient activity of lysosomal acid alpha glucosidase?
S/S predominantly skeletal and cardiac muscle problems |
Pompe Disease, a glycogen storage disease; glycogen accum. in all organs
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Problem with metabolism of glucocerebroside?
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Gaucher Disease
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B Cell Markers
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B19, 20, 21
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T Cell Marker (general)
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CD3
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NK cell Marker
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CD56
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