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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diphenhydramine
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1st generation H1 histamine reversible blocker.
Used for allergies, motion sickness, and sleep aid (not very restful sleep). Toxicity includes sedation, antimuscarinic, and anti-alpha-adrenergic. Do not give to elderly patients due to antimuscarinic effects. |
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Dimenhydrinate
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1st generation H1 histamine reversible blocker.
Used for allergies, motion sickness, and sleep aid (not very restful sleep). Toxicity includes sedation, antimuscarinic, and anti-alpha-adrenergic. Do not give to elderly patients due to antimuscarinic effects. |
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Chlorpheniramine
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1st generation H1 histamine reversible blocker.
Used for OTC ALLERGY MED, motion sickness, and sleep aid (not very restful sleep). Toxicity includes sedation, antimuscarinic, and anti-alpha-adrenergic. Do not give to elderly patients due to antimuscarinic effects. |
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Hydroxyzine
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1st generation H1 histamine reversible blocker.
Used for ITCHING, SEDATION, allergies, motion sickness, and sleep aid (not very restful sleep). Toxicity includes sedation, antimuscarinic, and anti-alpha-adrenergic. Do not give to elderly patients due to antimuscarinic effects. |
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Loratadine
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2nd generation H1 histamine reversible blocker.
Used for allergies Far less sedating that 1st generation H1 blockers because of less CNS penetration. |
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Fexofenadine
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2nd generation H1 histamine reversible blocker.
Used for allergies Far less sedating that 1st generation H1 blockers because of less CNS penetration. |
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Desloratadine
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2nd generation H1 histamine reversible blocker.
Used for allergies Far less sedating that 1st generation H1 blockers because of less CNS penetration. |
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Cetirizine
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2nd generation H1 histamine reversible blocker.
Used for allergies Far less sedating that 1st generation H1 blockers because of less CNS penetration. The most sedating of the second generation H1 blcokers. |
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Cyproheptadine
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Reversible H1 histamine receptor blocker.
Used for appetite stimulation. |
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Promethazine
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Reversible H1 histamine receptor blocker.
Used for nausea, vomiting. |
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Meclizine
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Reversible H1 histamine receptor blocker.
Used to treat vertigo. |
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Isoproterenol
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B1 = B2 agonist effects. Used to treat asthma by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle (B2).
Adverse effect is tachycardia (B1). |
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Albuterol
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Asthma treatment; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by B2 agonist acivity. Used during acute exacerbation.
Does stimulate B1 a little bit. Levalbuterol has less B1 effects. |
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Salmeterol
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Asthma treatment; selective B2 agonist; long acting agent for prophylaxis. Not a rescue agent.
Adverse effects are tremor and arrhythmia. Risk of developing tolerance to all B agonists, which particularly a problem when using albuterol for rescue. |
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Theophylline
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Asthma treatment; likely causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, thereby decreasing cAMP hydrolysis. Usage is limited because of NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX.
Toxicity includes cardiotoxicity (tachycardia, HTN) and neurotoxicity (seizures). Metabolized by P450. Blocks actions of adenosine. Treat toxicity with a beta blocker. |
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Ipratropium
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Asthma treatment; competitive block of muscarinic receptors, preventing vasoconstriction. Also used for COPD.
Combine with albuterol for acute exacerbation treatment. I PRAy i can breath soon! |
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Cromolyn
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Asthma treatment; prevents release of histamine from mast cells. Only effective for asthma prophylaxis. Not effective during an acute attack. Most dose several times a day and takes a while to get on board.
Toxicity is rare. |
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Beclomethasone
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Corticosteroid used for asthma treatment; inhibits the synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivates NF-kappaB, the transcription factor that induces the production of TNF-alpha, among other inflammatory agents.
1st line therapy for chronic asthma (inhaled). Oral or IV used to treat inflammation in acute asthma (takes 4-5 hours to work). |
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Prednisone
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Corticosteroid used for asthma treatment; inhibits the synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivates NF-kappaB, the transcription factor that induces the production of TNF-alpha, among other inflammatory agents.
1st line therapy for chronic asthma (inhaled). Oral or IV used to treat inflammation in acute asthma (takes 4-5 hours to work). |
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Methylprednisolone
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Corticosteroid used for asthma treatment; inhibits the synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivates NF-kappaB, the transcription factor that induces the production of TNF-alpha, among other inflammatory agents.
1st line therapy for chronic asthma (inhaled). Oral or IV used to treat inflammation in acute asthma (takes 4-5 hours to work). |
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Zileuton
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Asthma treatment; a 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor. Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes.
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Zafirlukast
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Asthma treatment; blocks leukotriene receptors. Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma.
Approved for 5 years of age and older. |
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Montelukast
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Asthma treatment; blocks leukotriene receptors. Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma.
Approved for 1 year of age and older. |
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Guaifenesin
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Expectorant; removes excess sputum but large doses necessary; does not suppress cough reflex.
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N-acetylcysteine
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Expectorant; mucolytic; can loosen mucous plugs in CF patients (breaks mucous plugs disulphide bonds). Also used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose (regenerates glutathione).
Also give to protect kidney against contrast induced nephropathy (24 hours before, 24 hours after). |
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Bosentan
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Used to treat pulmonary hypertension. Competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance.
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Ambrisentan
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Used to treat pulmonary hypertension. Competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance.
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Prosteglandin analogues
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Given to treat pulmonary hypertension. CCBs and sildenafil can also be given.
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