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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Vit A defeciency causes |
- night blindness
- scaly rash - xerophthalmia - bitot spots - increased infections |
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Vit A toxicity causes
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- pseudotumor cerebri
- bone thickening - teratogenicity |
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Vit D defeciency causes
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- rickets
- osteomalacia - hypocalcemia |
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Vit D toxicity causes
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- hypercalcemia
- nausea/vomiting - renal stones |
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Vit E defeciency causes
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- anemia
- peripheral neuropathy - ataxia |
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Vit E toxicity causes
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necrotizing enterocolitis in infants
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Vit K defeciency causes
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- hemorrhage
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Vit K toxicity causes
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- hemolysis/kernicterus
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B1 is aka
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thiamine
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thiamine is aka
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B1
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Thiamine deficiency causes
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- cardiac failure
- peripheral neuropathy - Wernicke/Korsakoff syndrome |
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Wet beriberi is
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high output cardiac failure from thiamine deficiency
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Dry beriberi is
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peripheral neuropahty from thiamine deficiency
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B3 is aka
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niacin
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Niacin is aka
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B3
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Niacin defeciency causes
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- pellagra: dementia dermatitis, diarrhea
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B6 aka
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pyridoxine
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Pyridoxine aka
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B6
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Pyridoxine defeciency causes
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- peripheral neuropathy
- cheilosis - stomatitis - convulsions in infants - microcytic anemia - seborrheic dermatitis |
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Only B vitamin with known toxicity
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B6
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B6 toxicity causes
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peripheral neuropathy
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B12 is aka
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cobalamin
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cobalamin is aka
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B12
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B12 defeciency causes
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megaloblastic anemia with neurological symptoms
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Folic acid defeciency causes
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megaloblastic anemia without neurological symptoms
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Vitamin C defeciency causes
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- scurvy
- poor wound healing - hyperkaratotic hair follicles - bone pain from periosteal hemorrhage |
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Iodine defeciency causes
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- goiter
- cretinism - hypothyroidism |
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Iodine toxicity causes
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- myxedema
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Fluorine defeciency causes
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cavities
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Fluorine toxicity causes
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- mottling of teeth
- bone exstoses |
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Zinc defeciency causes
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- decrease taste
- rash - slow wound healing |
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Copper deficiency causes
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Menke's disease (X-linked, kinky hair and mental retardation)
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Boy with kinky hair and mental retardation likely has
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copper deficiency with Menke's disease
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Copper toxicity is seen in this disease
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Wilson disease
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Selenium deficiency causes
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- cardiomyopathy
- muscle pain |
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Selenium toxicity causes
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loss of hair and nails
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Manganese toxicity causes
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"madness"
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Manganese toxicity occurs in
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miners of ore
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Chromium defeciency causes
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impaired glucose tolerance
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what causes craniotabes?
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rickets
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What is rachitic rosary?
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costochondral beading in rickets
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Where do bony changes of rickets first occur?
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at ends of the radius and ulna
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What is the most common cause of B12 defeciency?
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pernicious anemia
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Pernicious anemia is what type of disorder?
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autoimmune
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Pernicious anemia is associated with what other disorders
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Other autoimmune:
- vitiligo - hypothyroid - hypoadrenalism |
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What parasite causes B12 defeciency?
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Diphyllobothrium latum (tapeworm)
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Removal of this will cause B12 defeciency
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the ileium
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What test is used to determine the cause of B12 defeciency?
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Schilling test
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What does perinatal Vitamin K prevent?
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hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
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How do you treat high INR in liver disease
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- with FFP, Vit K does not work because need synthetic function of the liver
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Screening for colon cancer
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* Above age 50
- stool occult blood every year - sigmoidoscopy or double contract enema every 5 years OR - colonoscopy every 10 years |
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Screening for prostate cancer
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* above 50
- annual rectal exam - offer annual PSA |
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Screening for cervical cancer
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Age 18-65
- each year, if normal x2 then can do pap every 3 years |
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Screening for gynecologic cancers
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- age 20-40 pelvic q 3 years
- over 40 pelvic every year |
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Screening for endometrial cancer
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endometrial biopsy once at menopause
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Screening for breast cancer
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-20+ monthy self exam
- 20-40 exam q 3 years - over 40 exam q year and mammography annually |
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Screening for thryoid cancer
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20-40 exam every 3 years
40+ exam every year |
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Screening for testicular cancer
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20-40 exam every 3 years
40+ exam every year |
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Screening for ovarian cancer
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20-40 exam every 3 years
40+ exam every year |
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Screening for thymphoma
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20-40 exam every 3 years
40+ exam every year |
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Screening for oral cancer
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20-40 exam every 3 years
40+ exam every year |
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Screening for skin cancer
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20-40 exam every 3 years
40+ exam every year |
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What adults should get Hep B vaccine?
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Anyone who wants it; anyone at high risk (health care)
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What adults should get influenza vaccine?
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- over 50
- high risk - pregnant during flu season - contacts of high risk patients |
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What adults should get pneumococcus vaccine?
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- over 65
- high risk, including DM |
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What adults should get rubella vaccine
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- women of childbearing age who are not immune
- OK in HIV but not other immunocompromised - no pregnancy within 3 months of vaccine |
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What adults should get Td vaccine
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All adults every 10 years
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Top 3 causes of infant death
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- congenital malformations
- prematurity/low birth weight - SIDS |
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Top 3 causes of maternal mortality (within 42 days of birth of child)
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- pulmonary embolism
- hypertension - hemorrhage |
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How does prevalence affect PPV of a test?
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higher prevalence = greater PPV
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How does sensitivity affect NPV of a test?
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more sensitive = greater NPV
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