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378 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Calf pseudohypertrophy
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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Kayser-Fleischer rings
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Wilson disease
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Aschoff bodies
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Rheumatic fever
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Curschmann spirals
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Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
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Charcot-Leyden crystals
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Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes)
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Keratin pearls
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Bence-Jones proteinuria
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Multiple myeloma
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Russell bodies
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Multiple myeloma
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WBCs in the urine
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Acute cystitis
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RBCs in the urine
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Bladder carcinoma
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RBC casts in the urine
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Acute glomerulonephritis
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WBC casts in the urine
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Acute pyelonephritis
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Renal epithelial casts in the urine
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Acute toxic or viral nephrosis
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Waxy casts
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Chronic end-stage renal disease
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Signet ring cells
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Gastric carcinoma
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Heinz bodies
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G-6-PD deficiency
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Mallory bodies
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Chronic alcoholic
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Auer rods
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AML-M3
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Starry sky pattern
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Burkitt lymphoma
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Birbeck granules
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Histiocytosis X
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Reed-Sternberg cells
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Hodgkin lymphoma
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Call-Exner bodies
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Granulosa/thecal cell tumor of the ovary
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Cowdry type A bodies
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Herpesvirus
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Orphan Annie cells
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Papillary carcinoma of the ovary
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Streaky ovaries
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Turner syndrome
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Blue-domed cysts
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Fibrocystic change of the breast
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Reinke crystals
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Leydig cell tumor
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Schiller-Duval bodies
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Yolk sac tumor
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Codman triangle on radiograph
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Osteosarcoma
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Councilman bodies
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Toxic or viral hepatitis
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Blue sclera
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
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Soap bubble appearance on radiograph
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Giant cell tumor of the bone
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Pseudorosettes
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Ewing sarcoma
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Neurofibrillary tangles
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Alzheimer disease
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Homer-Wright rosettes
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Neuroblastoma
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Lewy bodies
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Parkinson disease
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Lucid interval
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Epidural hematoma
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Bloody tap on lumbar puncture
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Pseudopalisades
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Glioblastoma multiforme
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Senile plaques
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Alzheimer disease
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Café-au-lait spot on the skin
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Neurofibromatosis
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Name the most common cause.
• Blindness worldwide |
Chlamydia trachomatis
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Name the most common cause.
• Blindness in the United States |
Diabetes mellitus
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Name the most common cause.
• Dementia in persons aged 60 to 90 years |
Alzheimer disease
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Name the most common type.
• Learning disability |
Dyslexia
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Name the most common type.
• Mental retardation |
Fetal alcohol syndrome
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Name the most common type.
• Phobia |
Stage fright (discrete performance anxiety)
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Name the most common type.
• Psychiatric disorder in women of all ages |
Anxiety disorders; for men it is substance abuse.
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Name the most common type.
• Specific phobia |
Public speaking (Remember: stage fright)
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Name the most common cause.
• Chronic pancreatitis |
Alcohol abuse
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Name the most common cause.
• Infectious pancreatitis |
Mumps
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Name the most common cause.
• Insomnia |
Depression
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Name the most common cause.
• Hospitalization in children younger than 1 year of age |
RSV
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Name the most common cause.
• Croup |
Parainfluenza virus
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Name the most common cause.
• A cold in the winter and summer |
Coronavirus
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Name the most common cause.
• A cold in the spring and fall |
Rhinovirus
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Which virus is the MCC of a cold in the summer and fall? Winter and spring?
|
Rhinoviruses for summer and fall; coronaviruses for winter and spring
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Restrictive cardiomyopathy |
Amyloidosis
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Death in the United States |
Ischemic heart disease (MIs)
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Sudden cardiac death |
Ventricular fibrillation (V fib)
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Right heart failure |
Left heart failure
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Childhood heart disease in the United States |
Congenital heart disease
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Cyanotic heart disease |
Tetralogy of Fallot
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Subacute bacterial endocarditis |
Streptococcus viridans
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Acute bacterial endocarditis |
Staphylococcus aureus
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Viral pneumonia leading to death |
RSV
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Infection in a patient on a ventilator |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Bronchiolitis in children |
RSV
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Pulmonary HTN in children |
VSD
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|
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Reversible HTN in the United States |
Alcohol abuse
|
|
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Spontaneous pneumothorax |
Emphysematous bleb
|
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Nonorganic pneumoconiosis |
Asbestosis
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|
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Cellular injury |
Hypoxia
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Hypoxia |
Ischemia
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Lobar pneumonia |
Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Lung abscess |
Aspiration
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Cirrhosis in the United States |
Alcohol consumption
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Nephrotic syndrome |
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MGN)
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Nephrotic syndrome in children |
Lipoid nephrosis
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Liver transplantation in adults |
Alcoholic cirrhosis
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Name the most common type or cause.
• UTIs |
Escherichia coli
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Urinary tract obstruction |
BPH
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Painless hematuria |
Renal cell carcinoma
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Hematuria |
Infection
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Name the most common type or cause.
• GN in the world |
IgA nephropathy
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Nephrotic syndrome in children |
Minimal change disease
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Nephritic syndrome in adults |
MGN
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Acute renal failure in the United States |
Acute tubular necrosis
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Acute tubular necrosis |
Ischemic
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Diarrhea in children |
Rotavirus
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Intestinal obstructions in adults |
Adhesions and hernias
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Neonatal bowel obstruction |
Hirschsprung disease
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Rectal bleeding |
Diverticulosis
|
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Mallory-Weiss syndrome |
Alcoholism
|
|
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Anovulation |
Polycystic ovaries
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|
|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Breast lump in females |
Fibrocystic change of the breast
|
|
|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Hematologic cause of papillary necrosis |
Sickle cell disease
|
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Panhypopituitarism |
Sheehan syndrome
|
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|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Cushing syndrome |
Pituitary adenoma
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Noniatrogenic hypothyroidism in the United States |
Hashimoto thyroiditis
|
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|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Hypothyroidism in the United States |
Iatrogenesis
|
|
|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Pyogenic osteomyelitis |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
|
|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Neonatal septicemia and meningitis |
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, or GBS)
|
|
|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Sinusitis and otitis media in children |
Pneumococcus
|
|
|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Meningitis in adults |
Pneumococcus
|
|
|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Meningitis in renal transplantation patients |
Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Infantile bacterial diarrhea |
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (Rotavirus is the MCC overall.)
|
|
|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Infantile diarrhea |
Rotavirus
|
|
|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Chancre |
Haemophilus ducreyi
|
|
|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Urethritis in a young, newly sexually active individual |
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
|
|
|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Cystitis |
Escherichia coli
|
|
|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Erysipelas |
Streptococcus pyogenes
|
|
|
Name the most common type or cause.
• Chronic metal poisoning |
Lead
|
|
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Name the most common type or cause.
• Acute metal poisoning in the United States |
Arsenic
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|
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Name the MCC of death.
• In neonates |
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)
|
|
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Name the MCC of death.
• In SLE |
Renal failure
|
|
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Name the MCC of death.
• In diabetic individuals |
MI
|
|
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Name the MCC of death.
• In patients with cystic fibrosis |
Pulmonary infections
|
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What is the MCC of death in the United States?
|
Heart disease
|
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What is the second leading cause of death in the United States?
|
Cancer
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What is the MCC of death in children aged 1 to 14 in the United States?
|
Accidents
|
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What is the second leading cause of death in children aged 1 to 14 in the United States?
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Cancer
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What is the MCC of cancer mortality in males and females?
|
Lung cancer
|
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What is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in males? In females?
|
For males it's prostate cancer, and for females it's breast cancer.
|
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What is the MCC of death in black males aged 15 to 24?
|
Homicide. It is also the leading cause of death in black females aged 15 to 24.
|
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What are the two MCC of acute epididymitis in males?
• Less than 35 years old |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis
|
|
|
What are the two MCC of acute epididymitis in males?
• More than 35 years old |
Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp.
|
|
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What is the most common causative organism of acne vulgaris?
|
Propionibacterium acnes
|
|
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What is the MCC of viral conjunctivitis?
|
Adenovirus
|
|
|
What is the MCC of the following endocarditis scenarios?
• Post dental work |
Streptococcus viridans
|
|
|
What is the MCC of the following endocarditis scenarios?
• Following biliary infections |
Enterococcus faecalis
|
|
|
What is the MCC of the following endocarditis scenarios?
• Non–IV drug user |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
|
|
Name the MCC.
• Epiglottitis in an unvaccinated child |
Haemophilus influenzae type B
|
|
|
Name the MCC.
• Pneumonia in adults |
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
|
|
Name the MCC.
• Pneumonia in a neutropenic burn patient |
Pseudomonas sp.
|
|
|
Name the MCC.
• Pneumonia in a patient with atypical bird exposure and hepatitis |
Chlamydia psittaci
|
|
|
Name the MCC.
• Walking pneumonia, seen in teens and military recruits |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
|
|
|
Name the MCC.
• Aspiration pneumonia in an alcoholic |
Klebsiella pneumoniae
|
|
|
Name the MCC.
• Pneumonia in an HIV-positive patient with CD4 less than 200 |
Pneumocystis carinii
|
|
|
What is the MCC of the following meningitides?
• In patients who have AIDS or are immunocompromised |
Cryptococcus
|
|
|
What is the MCC of the following meningitides?
• In military recruits |
Neisseria meningitides
|
|
|
What is the MCC of the following meningitides?
• In those 12 months to 6 years of age |
Haemophilus influenzae type B
|
|
|
What is the MCC of the following meningitides?
• In neonates to 3 months of age |
Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli
|
|
|
What is the MCC of the following meningitides?
• In adults |
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
|
|
What is the MCC of the following meningitides?
• In renal transplant patients |
Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Helminthic parasite worldwide |
Ascaris lumbricoides
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Helminth parasitic infection in the United States |
Enterobius vermicularis
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Form of necrosis |
Coagulative
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Organism that causes pyelonephritis |
Escherichia coli
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Congenital cardiac anomaly |
VSD
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Cardiac anomaly in children |
PDA
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Complication of PDA |
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Congenital heart defect in adults |
ASD
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Type of ASD |
Ostium secundum defects
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Vasculitis |
Temporal arteritis
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Form of vasculitis |
Temporal arteritis
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Cardiac tumor |
Left atrial myxoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Cardiac tumor of infancy |
Rhabdomyoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Cardiac pathology in patients with SLE |
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Cardiac anomaly in Turner syndrome |
Coarctation of the aorta
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Valve abnormality associated with rheumatic fever |
Mitral valve stenosis
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Viral cause of myocarditis |
Coxsackie B
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Primary lung cancer |
Adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Primary malignant tumor of the lungs |
Adenocarcinoma (30% to 35%)
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Neoplastic tumor in the lungs |
Metastatic carcinomas
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Bladder tumor |
Transitional cell carcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Renal calculus type |
Calcium oxylate
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Kidney stone type |
Calcium oxalate
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Solid tumor in children |
Neuroblastoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Renal pathology in patients with SLE |
Diffuse proliferative GN
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Cancer of the esophagus in the world |
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
Esophageal cancer in the United States |
Adenocarcinoma (because of Barrett esophagus)
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Malignant tumor of the esophagus |
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Benign GI tumor |
Leiomyoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Site of ischemia in the GI tract |
Splenic flexure
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Type of PUD |
Duodenal ulcers (4 times as common as gastric)
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Location of a duodenal ulcer |
Anterior wall of the first part of the duodenum
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Location of a gastric ulcer |
Lesser curvature of the antrum of the stomach
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Site for carcinoid tumors |
Appendix (second is terminal ileum)
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Site for colonic diverticula |
Sigmoid colon
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Site of Crohn disease |
Terminal ileum
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Site of ulcerative colitis |
Rectum
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Site of pancreatic cancer |
Head of the pancreas
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Pancreatic islet cell tumor |
Insulinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Stone type associated with cholecystitis |
Mixed (both cholesterol and calcium)
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Liver tumor |
Metastatic carcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Primary malignant tumor in the liver |
Hepatocellular carcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Primary tumor of the liver |
Hemangioma (benign)
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Organism associated with liver abscesses |
Entamoeba histolytica
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Renal cell cancer type |
Clear cell
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Esophageal carcinoma |
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Solid tumor in the body |
Nephroblastoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Malignancy in children |
ALL
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Lymph node affected in non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
Periaortic lymph nodes
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma |
Nodular sclerosis
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Thyroid cancer |
Papillary carcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Thyroid adenoma |
Follicular adenoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Malignant thyroid tumor |
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Pituitary tumor |
Chromophobe adenoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Pituitary adenoma |
Prolactinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Tumor arising within the bone |
Multiple myeloma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Tumor on sun-exposed sites |
Basal cell carcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Malignant germ cell tumor in women |
Choriocarcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Primary malignant tumor of the ovary |
Serocystadenocarcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Malignant tumor in women |
Breast
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Cancer of the vulva |
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Primary malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the world |
Cervical neoplasia
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Primary malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the United States |
Adenocarcinoma of the cervix
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Tumor of the female genitourinary tract |
Leiomyoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Benign tumor of the ovary |
Serocystadenoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Benign tumor of the breast |
Fibroadenoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Benign breast tumor in females less than 35 years old |
Fibroadenoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Histologic variant of breast cancer |
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Benign lesion that affects the breast |
Fibrocystic change of the breast
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Malignant tumor of the breast |
Invasive ductal carcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Female genital tract malignancy resulting in death |
Ovarian cancer
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Malignancy of the female genital tract |
Endometrial cancer
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Tumor of the female genital tract |
Leiomyoma (fibroids)
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Benign ovarian tumor |
Cystadenoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Malignant carcinoma of the ovaries |
Cystadenocarcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Stromal tumor of the ovary |
Ovarian fibroma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Germ cell tumor of the ovary |
Dysgerminoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Tumor in men aged 15 to 35 |
Testicular tumors
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Testicular tumor in men over 50 years old |
Testicular lymphoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Germ cell tumor in men |
Seminoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Testicular tumor in infants and children |
Yolk sac tumor
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Germ cell tumor in boys |
Yolk sac tumor
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Malignant tumor in the bone of teenagers |
Osteosarcoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Intraspinal tumor |
Ependymoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Eye tumor in children |
Retinoblastoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Organ involved in amyloidosis |
Kidney
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Complication of nasogastric tube feeding |
Aspiration pneumonia
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Acquired GI emergency of infancy |
Necrotizing enterocolitis
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Organism associated with mastitis |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Tumor in individuals exposed to asbestos |
Bronchogenic carcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Proliferative abnormality of an internal organ |
BPH
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Inflammatory arthritis |
Rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Form of muscular dystrophy |
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Joint affected in pseudogout |
Knee
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Route for infectious arthritis |
Hematogenous
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Form of arthritis |
Osteoarthritis
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Route of spread in pyogenic osteomyelitis |
Hematogenous
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Bone disorder in the United States |
Osteoporosis
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Primary tumor metastasis to the bone |
Breast
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Bone tumor |
Metastatic
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Neurotransmitter in the brain |
GABA, quantitatively
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Site of a cerebral infarct |
Middle cerebral artery
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Primary CNS tumor in adults |
Glioblastoma multiforme
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Primary CNS tumor in children |
Medulla blastoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Brain tumor |
Metastatic
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Primary CNS tumor |
Glioblastoma multiforme
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Intramedullary spinal cord tumor in adults |
Ependymoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Location of ependymomas in children |
In children, the fourth ventricle; in adults, the lateral ventricle or spinal cord
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Melanoma in dark-skinned persons |
Acral-lentiginous melanoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Type of melanoma |
Superficial spreading melanoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Skin tumor in the United States |
Basal cell carcinoma
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
Site of congenital diaphragmatic hernias |
Left posterolateral side of the diaphragm, usually resulting in pulmonary hypoplasia.
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Type of hernia seen in males more than 50 years old |
Direct; in males less than 50 years old indirect hernias are the most common type.
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Sites for abdominal aorta aneurysm |
Between the renal arteries and at the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Site for atherosclerotic plaques in the abdominal aorta |
The bifurcation of the abdominal aorta
|
|
|
What is the most common one?
• Site for an ectopic abdominal pregnancy |
The rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)
|
|
|
What is the most common site for implantation of the blastocyst?
|
On the superior body of the posterior wall of the uterus
|
|
|
Where is the most frequent site of ectopic pregnancy?
|
Ampulla of the fallopian tube
|
|
|
What is the most common diagnosis made (or missed!) resulting in a malpractice suit?
|
Breast cancer
|
|
|
What is the most common serotype of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli?
|
0157:H7
|
|
|
What is the most common circulation Ig in the plasma?
|
IgG
|
|
|
What is the most common cancer diagnosed in men? In women?
|
In men it is prostate cancer, and in women it is breast cancer.
|
|
|
What is the second most common cancer diagnosed in both males and females?
|
Lung and bronchus cancer
|
|
|
What are the two leading causes of cancer-related death in men?
|
Prostate and lung cancer, respectively
|
|
|
What are the two leading causes of cancer-related death in women?
|
Breast and lung cancer, respectively.
|
|
|
What is the most common primary diagnosis resulting in an office visit for males? For females?
|
For males, HTN; for females, pregnancy.
|
|
|
What is the most common disease or infection reported to the CDC?
|
Chlamydia; gonorrhea is second (Remember, it is mandatory to report STDs to the CDC.)
|
|
|
What is the most common STD?
|
HPV
|
|
|
Name the most common reported STD.
• In females |
Chlamydia
|
|
|
Name the most common reported STD.
• In males |
Gonorrhea
|
|
|
What is the most common sexual assault?
|
Pedophilia
|
|
|
What is the most common form of elderly abuse?
|
Nearly 50% of all reported cases of elderly abuse are due to neglect. Physical, psychological, and financial are other forms of elderly abuse with an overall prevalence rate of 5% to 10%.
|
|
|
What is the most common complement deficiency?
|
C2 deficiency
|
|
|
What is the most common organ involved in amyloidosis?
|
Kidney
|
|
|
What is the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the United States?
|
Follicular lymphoma
|
|
|
In which quadrant is breast cancer most commonly found?
|
Upper outer quadrant (left more than right)
|
|
|
What is the most common cardiac tumor? In what chamber does it most commonly arise?
|
90% of benign myxomas arise within the left atrium near the fossa ovalis.
|
|
|
What cerebral lobes are most commonly affected in herpes encephalitis?
|
Temporal lobes
|
|
|
What is the most common condition leading to an intracerebral bleed?
|
HTN
|
|
|
What carpal bone is most commonly fractured? Dislocated?
|
The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured and the lunate is the most commonly dislocated.
|
|
|
What is the costliest health care problem in the United States?
|
Alcohol and its related problems cost the country approximately $100 billion a year.
|
|
|
What is the most abused drug across all age groups?
|
Alcohol. Nearly 10% of adults have a problem with alcohol.
|
|
|
What are the two most common chains of the T-Cell Receptor?
|
α-and β-chains are on most T cells.
|
|
|
What is the most common form of inherited dwarfism?
|
Achondroplasia
|
|
|
What is the most common lethal AR disorder affecting white Americans?
|
Cystic fibrosis
|
|
|
What is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation?
|
Down syndrome (it is slightly more common than fragile X syndrome.)
|
|
|
What is the most common chromosomal abnormality associated with CLL?
|
Trisomy 12 (nearly 50% of patients with CLL have abnormal karyotypes.)
|
|
|
Name the most common one.
• Chromosomal disorder |
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
|
|
|
Name the most common one.
• Heart defect in Down syndrome |
Endocardial cushion defect
|
|
|
Name the most common one.
• Chromosomal disorder involving sex chromosomes |
Klinefelter syndrome
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosomal translocation.
• CML |
Chromosome 9, 22 (Philadelphia chromosome)
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosomal translocation.
• Ewing sarcoma |
Chromosome 11, 22
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosomal translocation.
• Adult familial polyposis |
Chromosome 5, 21
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosomal translocation.
• Burkitt lymphoma |
Chromosome 8, 14
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosomal translocation.
• Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3) |
Chromosome 15, 17
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosomal translocation.
• M3 AML |
Chromosome 15, 17
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosomal translocation.
• Follicular lymphoma |
Chromosome 14, 18
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• Cri-du-chat |
Chromosome 5p
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• Patau syndrome |
Chromosome 13
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• Huntington disease |
Chromosome 4p
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• Familial hypercholesterolemia |
Chromosome 19
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• Gaucher disease |
Chromosome 1
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• Niemann-Pick disease |
Chromosome 11p
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• Tay-Sachs disease |
Chromosome 15q
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• Cystic fibrosis |
Chromosome 7
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) |
Chromosome 12
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• Marfan disease |
Chromosome 15
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• Neurofibromatosis type 1 |
Chromosome 17
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• Neurofibromatosis type 2 |
Chromosome 22q
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• Down syndrome |
Chromosome 21
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• Edward syndrome |
Chromosome 18
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• VON Hippel-Lindau disease |
Chromosome 3p
|
|
|
What is the most common chromosomal disorder?
|
Down syndrome
|
|
|
What is the MCC of inherited mental retardation?
|
Down syndrome
|
|
|
What is the most common lysosomal storage disorder?
|
Gaucher disease
|
|
|
What chromosome is mutant in patients with cystic fibrosis?
|
Patients with cystic fibrosis have a mutation in the chloride channel protein in the CFTR gene on chromosome 7.
|
|
|
Familial hypercholesteremia is due to a mutation in the LDL receptor gene. What chromosome carries it?
|
Chromosome 19
|
|
|
What chromosome is associated with the AR form of SCID?
|
Chromosome 20q (deficiency in adenosine deaminase)
|
|
|
On what chromosome is the adenomatous polyposis coli gene?
|
Chromosome 5q21
|
|
|
Name the associated chromosome.
• Albinism |
Chromosome 11p
|
|
|
What mineral is associated with impaired glucose tolerance?
|
Chromium (Cr)
|
|
|
What mineral is associated with hypothyroidism?
|
Iodine (I)
|
|
|
What mineral is an important component of the enzyme xanthine oxidase?
|
Molybdenum (Mb)
|
|
|
What vitamin deficiency produces angular stomatitis, glossitis, and cheilosis?
|
Riboflavin (B2) deficiency
|
|
|
What vitamin is a component of the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)?
|
Thymine (B1)
|
|
|
Avidin decreases the absorption of what vitamin?
|
Biotin. Avidin is found in raw egg whites.
|
|
|
What are the four Ds of niacin deficiency?
|
1. Diarrhea
2. Dermatitis 3. Dementia 4. Death |
|
|
What mineral is an important component of glutathione peroxidase?
|
Selenium (Se)
|
|
|
What mineral deficiency in children is associated with poor growth and impaired sexual development?
|
Zinc (Zn) deficiency
|
|
|
What mineral, via excessive depositions in the liver, causes hemochromatosis?
|
Iron (Fe)
|
|
|
What vitamin is needed for the production of heme?
|
Pyridoxine (B6)
|
|
|
What vitamin is a component of the enzymes fatty acid synthase and acyl CoA?
|
Pantothenic acid
|
|
|
What vitamin deficiency produces homocystinuria and methylmalonic aciduria?
|
Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency (Folic acid deficiency has only homocystinuria as a sign.)
|
|
|
What vitamin deficiency is evidenced by poor wound healing, loose teeth, bleeding gums, petechiae, and ecchymosis?
|
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) deficiency (These are the signs of scurvy.)
|
|
|
What are the three carboxylase enzymes that require biotin?
|
Pyruvate, acetyl CoA, and propionyl CoA carboxylase
|
|
|
What vitamin requires IF for absorption?
|
Cyanocobalamin (B12)
|
|
|
What mineral is a component of cytochrome a/a3?
|
Copper
|
|
|
Leukopenia, neutropenia, and mental deterioration are signs of what mineral deficiency?
|
Copper
|
|
|
What vitamin deficiency causes a glove-and-stocking neuropathy seen in alcoholics?
|
Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency
|
|
|
What mineral deficiency involves blood vessel fragility?
|
Copper deficiency
|
|
|
Megaloblastic anemia and thrombocytopenia are signs of what vitamin deficiency?
|
Folic acid deficiency
|
|
|
What vitamin deficiency can result in high-output cardiac failure?
|
Thiamine
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Carbon monoxide (CO) |
Oxygen
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Mercury |
Dimercaprol, penicillamine
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Isoniazid |
Pyridoxine
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Atropine |
Physostigmine
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Arsenic |
Dimercaprol, D-penicillamine
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Digoxin |
Antidigoxin Fab fragments
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Gold |
Dimercaprol
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Ethylene glycol |
Ethyl alcohol
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Opioids |
Naloxone, naltrexone
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Organophosphates |
Atropine, 2-PAM (pralidoxime)
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Warfarin |
Vitamin K
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Copper |
D-Penicillamine
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Heparin |
Protamine sulfate
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Iron |
Deferoxamine, penicillamine
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Cyanide |
Amyl nitrate, sodium nitrate, or sodium thiosulfate
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Methyl alcohol |
Ethyl alcohol
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Acetaminophen |
N-Acetylcysteine
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Nitrates |
Methylene blue
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Lead |
Penicillamine, EDTA (calcium disodium edetate), or dimercaprol
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Benzodiazepines |
Flumazenil
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• AChE inhibitors |
Atropine with pralidoxime
|
|
|
Name the antidote.
• Anticholinergics |
Physostigmine
|
|
|
A known IV drug abuser goes to the ER with respiratory depression and pinpoint pupils and in a semicomatose state. What overdose do you suspect, and what agent will you give to reverse its effects?
|
The triad of respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, and coma in an IV drug abuser suggests opioid overdose (e.g., heroin), and you should give naloxone.
|
|
|
Cherry red intoxication is associated with what form of poisoning?
|
CO
|
|
|
What toxicities are caused by the following agents?
• Occupational nitrous oxide exposure |
Anemia
|
|
|
What toxicities are caused by the following agents?
• Methoxyflurane |
Nephrotoxicity
|
|
|
What toxicities are caused by the following agents?
• Halothane |
Hepatitis, with or without necrosis
|
|
|
What are the first signs of overdose from phenobarbitals?
|
Nystagmus and ataxia
|
|
|
What are the three signs of morphine overdose?
|
Pinpoint pupils, decreased respiratory rate, and coma
|
|
|
What is the major pulmonary side effect of µ-activators?
|
Respiratory depression
|
|
|
What are the two side effects of opioids to which the user will not develop tolerance?
|
Constipation and miosis
|
