Usmle - Pharmacology - Ans Drugs

Front 1

Bethanechol

Back 1

Direct acting cholinergic agonist
Muscarinic Selectivity (M2 & M3)

Hint 1

Atonic bladder NEWLINE Neurognic atony, megacolon

Front 2

Acetylcholine

Back 2

Direct acting cholinergic agonist
Non-selective

Front 3

Carbachol

Back 3

Direct acting cholinergic agonist
Non-selective

Hint 3

Restricted to topical gluacoma treatment due to system effects

Front 4

Cevimeline

Back 4

Direct acting cholinergic agonist

Front 5

Pilocarpine

Back 5

Direct acting cholinergic agonist
Muscarinic Selectivity (M1, M2, & M3)

Hint 5

DOC for both narrow and wide angle glaucoma; Sometimes in Sjogren's due its potentcy as a secretagogue

Front 6

Ambenomium

Back 6

Indirect-acting, reversible cholinergic agonist

Hint 6

Treatment of myasthenia gravis; Longer-acting than neostigmine

Front 7

Demecarium

Back 7

Indirect-acting, reversible cholinergic agonist

Hint 7

Second line treatment of wide and narrow angle glaucoma

Front 8

Donepezil

Back 8

Indirect-acting, reversible cholinergic agonist

Hint 8

Alzheimer's disease

Front 9

Edrophonium

Back 9

Indirect-acting, reversible cholinergic agonist

Hint 9

Diagnostic test in myasthenia gravis

Front 10

Galantamine

Back 10

Indirect-acting, reversible cholinergic agonist

Hint 10

Alzheimer's disease

Front 11

Pyridostigmine

Back 11

Indirect-acting, reversible cholinergic agonist

Hint 11

Treatment of myasthenia gravis; Longer-acting than neostigmine

Front 12

Rivastigmine

Back 12

Indirect-acting, reversible cholinergic agonist

Hint 12

Alzheimer's disease

Front 13

Tacrine

Back 13

Indirect-acting, reversible cholinergic agonist

Hint 13

Alzheimer's disease

Front 14

Neostigmine

Back 14

Indirect-acting, reversible cholinergic agonist
Does not cross BBB

Front 15

Physostigmine

Back 15

Indirect-acting, reversible cholinergic agonist
Can cross BBB to enter CNS

Front 16

Echothiophate

Back 16

Indirect Acting - Irreversible phosphorylation of acetylcholinesterase

Hint 16

Toxin, no significant clinical use NEWLINE Many of the toxic effects can be overcome with atropine

Front 17

Pralidoxime

Back 17

Reactivation of acetylcholinesterase

Hint 17

Must be used prior to enzyme-toxin aging process

Front 18

Atropine

Back 18

Antimuscarinic Agent (M1, M2, & M3)

Hint 18

Treatment of bradycardia; cholinesterase inhibitor overdose; ophthalmologically, causes cycloplegia and mydriasis; treatment of urgent bladder due to cystitis

Front 19

Cyclopentolate

Back 19

Antimuscarinic Agent

Hint 19

Induces cycloplegia and mydriasis

Front 20

Ipratropium

Back 20

Antimuscarinic Agent
M3 activity only because it is inhaled

Hint 20

Treatment of asthma in patients who don't tolerate β-agonists

Front 21

Scopolamine

Back 21

Antimuscarinic Agent
Greater CNS activity than atropine

Hint 21

Treatment of motion sickness; Amnestic effect in anesthetic procedures

Front 22

Tropicamide

Back 22

Antimuscarinic Agent

Hint 22

Induces cycloplegia and mydriasis

Front 23

Propantheline

Back 23

Antimuscarinic agent
Actions primarily limited to GI/GU
M3 muscarinic receptors

Hint 23

Urinary incontinence; PUD, nervous stomach

Front 24

Benztropine

Back 24

Antimuscarinic agent
Clinical importance lies in activity in corpus striatum

Hint 24

Parkinson's disease

Front 25

Mecamylamine

Back 25

Ganglionic Blockers
Nicotinic blockade

Hint 25

Used to lower blood pressure in emergency situations

Front 26

Mecamylamine

Back 26

Ganglionic Blockers
Nicotinic blockade

Hint 26

Used to lower blood pressure in emergency situations

Front 27

Atracurium

Back 27

Neuromuscular Blockers - Nondepolarizing

Front 28

Cisatracurium

Back 28

Neuromuscular Blockers - Nondepolarizing

Front 29

Doxacurium

Back 29

Neuromuscular Blockers - Nondepolarizing

Front 30

Metocurine

Back 30

Neuromuscular Blockers - Nondepolarizing

Front 31

Mivacurium

Back 31

Neuromuscular Blockers - Nondepolarizing

Front 32

Pancuronium

Back 32

Neuromuscular Blockers - Nondepolarizing

Front 33

Rocuronium

Back 33

Neuromuscular Blockers - Nondepolarizing

Front 34

Tubocurarine

Back 34

Neuromuscular Blockers - Nondepolarizing

Front 35

Vecuronium

Back 35

Neuromuscular Blockers - Nondepolarizing

Front 36

Succinylcholine

Back 36

Neuromuscular Blockers - Depolarizing

Front 37

Albuterol

Back 37

Direct acting adrenergic agonists
β2 - short acting

Hint 37

Asthma

Front 38

Clonidine

Back 38

Direct acting adrenergic agonists
α2

Hint 38

Minimize CNS symptoms that accompany opiate and benz withdrawal

Front 39

Dobutamine

Back 39

Direct acting adrenergic agonists
Catecholamine
β1

Hint 39

Increases CO in CHF; post-cardiac surgery inotrope; does not sig. increase myocardial O2 demand

Front 40

Dopamine

Back 40

Direct acting adrenergic agonists
Catecholamine
, α1, β1, D1, D2

Hint 40

DOC for shock

Front 41

Epinephrine

Back 41

Direct acting adrenergic agonists
Catecholamine
α1, α2, β1, β2

Hint 41

DOC in severe bronchspasm; glaucoma; anaphylactic shock; cardiac arrest; anesthetic adjunct

Front 42

Formoterol

Back 42

Direct acting adrenergic agonists
β2 - long acting

Hint 42

Asthma

Front 43

Isoproterenol

Back 43

Direct acting adrenergic agonists
Catecholamine
β1, β2

Hint 43

Not commonly used therapeutically

Front 44

Metaproterenol

Back 44

Direct acting adrenergic agonists
Non-catecholamine
β2 > β1

Hint 44

Bronchospasm, asthma, bronchiolitis, COPD

Front 45

Methoxamine

Back 45

Direct acting adrenergic agonists
α1>α2

Hint 45

Relieve attacks of PSVT; overcome hypotension related to halothane anesthetic use during surgery

Front 46

Norepinephrine

Back 46

Direct acting adrenergic agonists
Catecholamine
α1, α2, β1

Hint 46

Severe hypotension; septic shock

Front 47

Phenylephrine

Back 47

Direct acting adrenergic agonists
α1
Non-catecholamine

Hint 47

Elevates SVR; termination of SVT; Topical nasal decongestant; Ophthalmologically to induce mydriasis

Front 48

Pirbuterol

Back 48

Direct acting adrenergic agonists
β2 - short acting

Hint 48

Asthma

Front 49

Salmeterol

Back 49

Direct acting adrenergic agonists
β2 - long acting

Hint 49

Nocturnal, symptomatic asthma

Front 50

Terbutaline

Back 50

Direct acting adrenergic agonists
β2 - short acting

Hint 50

Only agent used for status asthmaticus

Front 51

Ephedrine

Back 51

Mixed Action
α, β
Penetrates CNS Non-catecholamine

Hint 51

Nasal decongestant (nasal vascular effects); orthostatic hypotension; promotes urinary continence

Front 52

Pseudoephrine

Back 52

Mixed Action
α, β
Penetrates CNS

Hint 52

Similar to ephedrine, but less potent

Front 53

Alfuzosin

Back 53

α-Blockers
α1-selective

Hint 53

Symptomatic BPH

Front 54

Doxazosin

Back 54

α-Blockers
α1-selective

Hint 54

Hypertension

Front 55

Phenoxybenzamine

Back 55

α-adrenergic blocker, non-selective
Irreversible modification

Hint 55

Treatment of pheochromocytoma; autonomic hyperreflexia in paraplegics

Front 56

Phentolamine

Back 56

α-adrenergic blocker, non-selective

Hint 56

Short-term control of hypertension in pheochromocytoma; Tx of sympathomimetic amine overdose

Front 57

Prazosin

Back 57

α-Blockers
α1-selective

Hint 57

Hypertension

Front 58

Tamsulosin

Back 58

α-Blockers
α1-selective

Hint 58

Symptomatic BPH

Front 59

Terazosin

Back 59

α-Blockers
α1-selective

Hint 59

Hypertension

Front 60

Yohimbine

Back 60

α-Blockers
α2-selective

Hint 60

Sexual stimulant; acts via inhibition of sympathetic outflow to periphery

Front 61

Acebutolol

Back 61

β-Blockers
Cardioselective (β1)
Has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (partial agonist)

Hint 61

Hypertensive patients with impaired pulmonary function

Front 62

Atenolol

Back 62

β-Blockers
Cardioselective (β1)

Hint 62

Hypertensive patients with impaired pulmonary function

Front 63

Carvedilol

Back 63

β-Blockers
α1, β1, β2

Hint 63

Treatment of hypertension in African American patients; has vasodilatory properties

Front 64

Esmolol

Back 64

β-Blockers
Cardioselective (β1)

Hint 64

Hypertensive patients with impaired pulmonary function

Front 65

Labetalol

Back 65

β-Blockers
α1, β1, β2

Hint 65

Treatment of hypertension in African American patients; has vasodilatory properties

Front 66

Metoprolol

Back 66

β-Blockers
Cardioselective (β1)

Hint 66

Hypertensive patients with impaired pulmonary function

Front 67

Nadolol

Back 67

β-Blockers
Non-selective

Hint 67

Fewer CNS side-effects and more potent than propranolol

Front 68

Pindolol

Back 68

β-Blockers
Non-selective
Has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (partial agonist)

Hint 68

Hypertension (decreased CO and renin release); glaucoma; migraine prophylaxis; hyperthyroidism; angina pectoris; myocardial infarction

Front 69

Propranolol

Back 69

β-Blockers
Non-selective

Hint 69

Hypertension (decreased CO and renin release); glaucoma; migraine prophylaxis; hyperthyroidism; angina pectoris; myocardial infarction

Front 70

Timalol

Back 70

β-Blockers
Non-selective

Hint 70

Used ophthalmologically as topical agent for glaucoma

Front 71

Guanethidine

Back 71

Blocks the release of stored norepinephrine from storage vesicles

Hint 71

No therapeutic use

Front 72

Reserpine

Back 72

Blocks Mg2+/ATP-dpendent transport of biogenic amines (NE, Dopamine, 5HT) from cytoplasm into storage vesicles

Hint 72

No therapeutic use