Usmle Pharm Questions

Front 1

Treats myasthenia gravis:

Back 1

* Pyridostigmine (Achase inhibitor)

Front 2

Used to dx myasthenia gravis:

Back 2

* Endrophonium (Achase inhibitor)

Front 3

Drug that is prophylaxis for RSV (syncia formation, paramyxovirus, ss-)

Back 3

* Palivizumab

Front 4

A pt with psoriasis who has malaria use:

Back 4

* Proguinil + Atovaquone (cholorquine is contraindicated in malaria if someone has PSORIASIS)

Front 5

A pt with BPH should be given what antihistamine?

Back 5

* A newer one, such as Cetirizine-- want to decrease the anticholinergic effects (anti-SLUD-- anti salivation, lacrimation, URINATION, etc.)

Front 6

Immunosuppresant used post transplant that ISN'T nephrotoxic:

Back 6

* Sacrolimus (inhibits T-cell proliferation in response to IL-2)

Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine are both Nephrotoxic

Front 7

2 antihypertensive meds that can increase lipids:

Back 7

* Metaprolol and HCTZ (thiazides)

Front 8

Side effect to valproic acid

Back 8

* Thrombocytopenia

Front 9

Drug that inhibits tyrosine kinases and is a approved to treat Renal cell carcinoma:

Back 9

* Sorafenib

Front 10

Drug used to treat CML (9:22) because it is a bcr-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor:

Back 10

* Imatinib (SE: fluid retention)

Front 11

How does Paclitaxel work and what is it used to treat?

Back 11

* M-phase specific that hyperstabilizes microtubules (anaphase can't occur)

Used to treat ovarian/breast cancer

SE: myelosuppression

Front 12

Drugs that cause gynecomastia:

Back 12

* Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers

Spironolactone, Digoxin, Cimetidine, Alcohol, Ketoconazole

Front 13

GnRH analog drug used for infertility, prostate cancer, and for uterine fibroids:

Back 13

* Leuprolide (LEUprolide can be used in LEIU of GnRH)

Front 14

Competitive inhibitor of estrogens that terminates pregnancy:

Back 14

* Mifepristone (RU-486)

Front 15

PGE2 drug used to induce labor:

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* Dinoprostone

Front 16

Beta-agonist that relaxes the uterus:

Back 16

* Ritodrine and terbutaline

Front 17

Aromatase inhibitor used in post-menopausal women with breast cancer:

Back 17

* Anastrozole

Front 18

Drug that prevents normal feedback inhibition and release of LH and FSH from the pituitary, used for infertility:

Back 18

* Clomiphene

Front 19

Anti-diabetic agent that is most like dieting and exercise in that it decreases CRP, Trigs, and glucose:

Back 19

* TZD's (Rosi/Pioglitazone)

Front 20

Side effect commonly seen with vincristine:

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* Peripheral neuropathy (d/t vincristine destabilizing microtubules which are important for neurons)

Front 21

Drug that is an immunosuppresant that has a high affinity for IL-2 on activated T-cells:

Back 21

* Daclizumab

Front 22

An M3 antagonist would do what:

Back 22

* Bronchoconstrict, vasodilate, and increase HR

A1, M1, M3 = Gq = IP3 (Ca2+) and DAG (Protein Kinase C)

Front 23

Drug that inhibits EtOH dehydrogenase:

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* Fomepizole (Ethanol to Acetaldehyde requires Alcohol dehydrogenase)

Front 24

Drug that inhibits Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase:

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* Disulfiram (Acetaldehyde to Acetate via Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase) -- this occurs in the Mitochondria

Front 25

Drug that would help stop esophageal variceal bleeding because it decreases blood flow in the portal system:

Back 25

* Octreotide (somatostatin analog)

Also used to treat Carcinoid syndrome

Front 26

Non-competitive alpha-1 blocker used for PHEO and malignant HTN:

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* Phenoxybenzamine

Phentolamine is another non-selective alpha blocker

Front 27

Diuretic that is effective only down to a Creat clearance of 40:

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* Thiazides and spironolactone

Front 28

Diuretic that is effective all the way down to a creatinine clearance of 10:

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* Loop diuretics (furosemide)

Front 29

Good tx for parkinsons pt with depression:

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* Amitriptyline (increases ACh)

Front 30

A pt who presents with severe ocular pain, with a red, hard eye and a steamy looking cornea should be prescribed:

Back 30

* Acetazolamide (to treat closed angle glaucoma-- it decreases aqueous humor secretion)

Front 31

Immunosuppresant mycophenolate works by:

Back 31

* Inhibits de novo guanine synthesis and blocks lymphocyte production

Front 32

Best med for a fungal TOE-nail infection:

Back 32

* Terbinafine (Inhibits fungal enzymes)

Griseofulvin is best for fingernail infections (Interferes with microtubule formation, deposits in nails)

Front 33

Anesthetic that can increase AST/ALT and cause hepatomegaly:

Back 33

* Halothane (can cause "Halothane Hepatitis")

Front 34

Brazilian who gets pneumonia that shows a "pilots wheel" formation of budding yeast:

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* Paracocciodes

Front 35

Features of cryptococcus neoformans:

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* Encapsulated budding yeast (use India Ink to visualize) can get from bird droppings

Front 36

Cyclobenzaprine side effects:

Back 36

* anti-SLUD (anti-cholinergic side-effects)

anti-Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defacation

Front 37

The MAOI's to know:

Back 37

* Phenylzine and Tranylcypromine

Front 38

Buspirone is for general anxiety disorder, how does it work?

Back 38

* Stimulates 5-HT1a receptors

Front 39

Anti-arrythmic that can cause tinnitus:

Back 39

* Quinidine (type I anti-arrythmic)

Quin is a Disco Pro (increases AP duration via blocking Na+ channels)

Front 40

How does Acyclovir work?

Back 40

* Inhibits viral DNA polymerase

Front 41

Antiviral that inhibits viral release:

Antiviral that inhibits uncoating:

Antiviral that inhibits DNA-polymerase:

Back 41

* Release inhibitor = Oseltamivir

Inhibits uncoating = Amantadine

Inhibits DNA-poly = Acyclovir

Front 42

How does ziluteon work?

Back 42

* Inhibits LIPOOXYGENASE to that arachadonic acid isn't converted to hydroperoxides

Front 43

Best treatment for thrush:

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* Nystatin (works like Ampho B-- detergent action, makes the membrane leaky)

Front 44

Difference between Phenylephrine and Phentolamine:

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* Phenyl-E = full alpha-1 agonist

Phentolamine = non-selective alpha agonist

Front 45

Best treatment for pneumo-carinii (silver stain) infection:

Back 45

* Trimethoprim-sulfa

Front 46

Anti-HTN med that would decrease renal sodium absorption and increase renal K+ absorption:

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* ACE inhibitors (decrease Aldosterone)

Front 47

Tx of choice for a community acquired pneumonia with gram neg rods:

What about atypical pnemonia:

Back 47

* Community = Cefoxitme (cephalosporin)

Atypical = Erythromycin (legionella pneumonia)

Front 48

How does cyclophosphamide work?

Back 48

* Alkylates DNA to cause cross-linking

Front 49

How does methamphetamine work?

Back 49

* Induces Dopamine release

Front 50

Drug that can decrease the absorption of folate leading to neural tube defects in preggos:

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* Phenytoin

Front 51

How does cyclosporine work?

Back 51

* Inhibits release of IL-2 (immunosuppressant)

Metabolized in liver by CYP3A4

Front 52

Where does spironolactone work?

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* Blocks Aldosterone receptors in the CORTICAL collecting duct

Front 53

Aspirin inhibits this product that is important for platelet aggregation:

Back 53

* Thromboxane A2

Front 54

Meds that can cause galactorrhea:

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* Chlorpromazine (anti-psych neuroleptic), TCA's, methl-dopa, narcotics, and traquilizers

Front 55

Drug that is a progestational hormone with anti-neoplastic properties that increases appetite:

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* Megestrol acetate

Front 56

Opthalmic H1 blocker and Mast-cell stabilizer:

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* Ketotofen

Front 57

Heart med that might cause paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia:

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* Digoxin

Front 58

Drug that might predispose a pt to having more PVC's:

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* Furosemide-- hypokalemia induced PVC's

Front 59

Cancer drug that forms reactive O2 species and causes a pulmonary toxicity is:

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* Bleomycin

Front 60

Anti-depressant contraindicated in pt's with anorexia/bulemia because it can cause seizure:

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* Buproprion (Wellbutrin)

Front 61

Blood tests for t his should be monitored in pt's taking lithium:

Blood tests for this should be monitored in pt's taking valproate:

Back 61

* Lithium = check TSH levels (can also cause NEPHRO-genic diabetes inspidus)

Valproate = check liver enzymes

Front 62

How does cocaine work?

How does amphetamine work?

Back 62

* Cocaine = Blocks NE uptake

Amphetamine = releases NE

Front 63

Best drug for decreasing conduction through the AV node:

Back 63

* Digoxin

Front 64

A pt with cholelithiasis (gallstones) and pain should be prescribed:

Back 64

* Ursodiol (a bile acid that helps reduce cholesterol stones in 5F women)

Front 65

Organophosphates act how:

Back 65

* Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Front 66

Drug that would work to treat CHF and osteoporosis:

Back 66

* Thiazides diuretics (help get rid of the fluid as well as increase CALCIUM)