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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Drugs that undergo zero order elimination?
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Phenytoin, ethanol, aspirin
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Acidifying the urine will increase elimination of weak acids or bases?
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Weak bases
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Alkalizing the urine will increase elimination of weak acids or bases?
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Weak acids
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Amphetamines are weak acids or bases?
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Weak bases
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Phenobarbital and methotrexate are weak acids or bases?
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Weak acids
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Name phase I reactions?
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Reduction, hydrolysis, oxidation
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Types of phase II (conjugation) reactions?
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Glucoronidation, acetylation, sulfanation
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How many half lives does it take for a drug to reach steady state?
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4-5 half lives
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What type of receptors interact with steroids?
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Intracellular receptors
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What other substances use intracellular receptors?
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Thyroid hormone, vitamin D
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Which receptors are coupled to ion channels?
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Nicotinic, GABA
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What type of receptor is found at sweat glands?
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Muscurinic
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What type of receptor is found at renal vascular smooth muscle?
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Dopaminergic
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What type of receptor is found at skeletal muscle?
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Nicotinic
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What receptors are coupled with Gs proteins?
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Beta, D1, H2, V2 (vasopressin), glucagon, prostacyclin
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What receptors are coupled with Gi proteins?
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M2, Alpha2, D2,
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What receptors are coupled with Gq proteins?
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Alpha1, M1, H1, V1
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Where is V2 found?
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Kidneys
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What is H2 involved in?
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Increased gastric acid secretion
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What kind of receptors are used by cytokines?
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JAK/STAT
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Preclinical animal studies are used to study what?
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Safety and biologic activity
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Phase 1 of clinical drug testing is used to look at what?
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Safety and dosage
Test ~50 healthy volunteers |
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Phase 2 of clinical drug testing is used to look at what?
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Effectiveness
Test ~200 patients |
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Phase 3 of clinical drug testing is used to look at what?
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Effectiveness and common side effects
Test ~1000s of patients |
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Phase 4 of clinical drug testing is used to look at what?
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Common and rare side effects
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