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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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haloperidol
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typical antipsychotics (---I D2 receptors)
high potency schizophrenia (+ symptoms), psychosis, acute mania, Tourette's, Huntington's EPS side effects, endocrine effects, NMS, tardive dyskinesia (irreversible) |
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trifluoperazine
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typical antipsychotics (---I D2 receptors)
high potency schizophrenia (+ symptoms), psychosis, acute mania EPS side effects, endocrine effects, NMS, tardive dyskinesia (irreversible) |
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fluphenazine
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typical antipsychotics (---I D2 receptors)
high potency schizophrenia (+ symptoms), psychosis, acute mania EPS side effects, endocrine effects, NMS, tardive dyskinesia (irreversible) |
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thioridazine
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typical antipsychotics (---I D2 receptors)
low potency schizophrenia (+ symptoms), psychosis, acute mania reTinal deposits, anticholinergic, antihistamine, alpha blockade |
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chlorpromazine
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typical antipsychotics (---I D2 receptors)
low potency schizophrenia (+ symptoms), psychosis, acute mania Corneal deposits, anticholinergic, antihistamine, alpha blockade |
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olanzapine
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atypical antipsychotics (---I 5-HT, D, alpha, and H1 receptors)
schizophrenia (both + & - symptoms), OCD, anxiety disorder, depression, mania, Tourette's significant weight gain its atypical for OLd closets to quietly risper from a to z |
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clozapine
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atypical antipsychotics (---I 5-HT, D, alpha, and H1 receptors)
schizophrenia (both + & - symptoms) significant weight gain, agranulocytosis (must watch CLOZAPINE closely) its atypical for old CLosets to quietly risper from a to z |
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quetiapine
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atypical antipsychotics (---I 5-HT, D, alpha, and H1 receptors)
schizophrenia (both + & - symptoms) few side effects its atypical for old closets to QUIETly risper from a to z |
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risperidone
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atypical antipsychotics (---I 5-HT, D, alpha, and H1 receptors)
schizophrenia (both + & - symptoms) few side effects its atypical for old closets to quietly RISPER from a to z |
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aripiprazole
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atypical antipsychotics (---I 5-HT, D, alpha, and H1 receptors)
schizophrenia (both + & - symptoms) few side effects its atypical for old closets to quietly risper from A to z |
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ziprasidone
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atypical antipsychotics (---I 5-HT, D, alpha, and H1 receptors)
schizophrenia (both + & - symptoms) few side effects its atypical for old closets to quietly risper from a to Z |
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lithium
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not established
bipolar disorder (stops relapse and acute manic events), SIADH LMNOP: Li side effects-- Movement (tremor) Nephrogenic DI hypOthyroidism Pregnancy problems |
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buspirone
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-->+ 5-HT1 receptors
generalized anxiety disorder |
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imipramine
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TCA (---I reuptake of NE & serotonin)
major depression, bedwetting, fibromyalgia sedation, alpha block, anticholinergic side effects Tox: Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotoxic, also resp depression. Rx with NaHCO3 |
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amitriptyline
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TCA (---I reuptake of NE & serotonin)
major depression, fibromyalgia sedation, alpha block, increased anticholinergic side effects Tox: Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotoxic, also resp depression. Rx with NaHCO3 |
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desipramine
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TCA (---I reuptake of NE & serotonin)
major depression, fibromyalgia less sedation, alpha block, anticholinergic side effects Tox: Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotoxic, also resp depression. Rx with NaHCO3 |
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nortryptyline
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TCA (---I reuptake of NE & serotonin)
major depression, fibromyalgia sedation, alpha block, less anticholinergic side effects, use in the elderly Tox: Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotoxic, also resp depression. Rx with NaHCO3 |
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clomipramine
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TCA (---I reuptake of NE & serotonin)
major depression, fibromyalgia, OCD sedation, alpha block, anticholinergic side effects Tox: Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotoxic, also resp depression. Rx with NaHCO3 |
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doxepin
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TCA (---I reuptake of NE & serotonin)
major depression, fibromyalgia sedation, alpha block, anticholinergic side effects Tox: Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotoxic, also resp depression. Rx with NaHCO3 |
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amoxapine
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TCA (---I reuptake of NE & serotonin)
major depression, fibromyalgia sedation, alpha block, anticholinergic side effects Tox: Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotoxic, also resp depression. Rx with NaHCO3 |
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fluoxetine
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SSRI
depression, OCD, bulimia, social phobias GI, sexual dysfunction (anorgasmia), serotonin syndrome (Rx with cyproheptadine) |
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paroxetine
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SSRI
depression, OCD, bulimia, social phobias GI, sexual dysfunction (anorgasmia), serotonin syndrome (Rx with cyproheptadine) |
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sertraline
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SSRI
depression, OCD, bulimia, social phobias GI, sexual dysfunction (anorgasmia), serotonin syndrome (Rx with cyproheptadine) |
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citalopram
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SSRI
depression, OCD, bulimia, social phobias GI, sexual dysfunction (anorgasmia), serotonin syndrome (Rx with cyproheptadine) |
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venlafaxine
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SNRI
depression, generalized anxiety disorder HTN |
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duloxetine
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SNRI
depression, diabetic peripheral neuropathy HTN |
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phenelzine
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MAO-I
atypical depression, anxiety, hypochondriasis HTN crisis with tyramine & b-agonists, CNS stim |
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tranylcypromine
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MAO-I
atypical depression, anxiety, hypochondriasis HTN crisis with tyramine & b-agonists, CNS stim |
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isocarboxazid
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MAO-I
atypical depression, anxiety, hypochondriasis HTN crisis with tyramine & b-agonists, CNS stim |
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selegiline
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MAO-I (MAO-B specific)
atypical depression, anxiety, hypochondriasis HTN crisis with tyramine & b-agonists, CNS stim |
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bupropion
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atypical antidepressant (increase NE & Dopamine via unknown)
smoking cessation stimulant effects, headache, seizure, NO sexual side effects |
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mirtazapine
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atypical antidepressant (alpha 2 antagonist & 5HT antagonist)
tox: sedation, weight gain, increase appetite, dry mouth |
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maprotiline
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atypical antidepressant (blocks NE reuptake)
tox: sedation, orthostatic hypotension |
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trazodone
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atypical antidepressant (inhibits serotonin reuptake)
used for insomnia with depression tox: sedation, nausea, postural hypotension, priapism trazoBONE (priapism) |
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mannitol
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osmotic diuretic-- works in PCT
shock, drug overdose, increased ICP pulmonary edema, dehydration NO CHF |
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acetazolamide
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---I Carbonic anhydrase
HCO3 diuresis-- works in PCT glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, neuropathy, NH3 tox, sulfa allergy |
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furosemide
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sulfonamide loop diuretic (---I Na, K, 2Cl transport system)-- works in thick ascending limb
edematous states (CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema), HTN, hypercalcemia (ups Ca excretion) Ototox, hypokalemia, dehydration, sulfa allergy, nephritis, gout |
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ethacrynic acid
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phenoxyacetic acid der (---I Na, K, 2Cl)-- works in thick ascending limb
use in pts allergic to sulfas (furosemide), hyperuricemia Ototox, hypokalemia, dehydration, nephritis |
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hydrochlorothiazide
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thiazide diuretic (---I NaCl reabsorption)-- in early DCT
HTN, CHF, idiopathic hypercalciuria (decreases Ca excretion), nephrogenic DI hypokalemic metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, sulfa allergy |
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spironolactone
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K-sparing diuretic (---I aldosterone receptor)-- work in CCT
hyperaldosteronism, K depletion, CHF hyperkalemia, endocrine effects (gynecomastia) |
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triamterene
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K-sparing diuretic (---I Na channels)-- work in CCT
hyperaldosteronism, K depletion, CHF hyperkalemia |
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amiloride
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K-sparing diuretic (---I Na channels)-- work in CCT
hyperaldosteronism, K depletion, CHF hyperkalemia |
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captopril
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ACE-I
HTN, CHF, diabetic renal disease Cough, Angioedema, Proteinuria, Taste changes, hypOtension, Pregnancy problems, Rash, Increased renin, Lower AGII (CAPTOPRIL). and hyperkalemia |
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enalapril
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ACE-I
HTN, CHF, diabetic renal disease Cough, Angioedema, Proteinuria, Taste changes, hypOtension, Pregnancy problems, Rash, Increased renin, Lower AGII (CAPTOPRIL). and hyperkalemia |
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lisinopril
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ACE-I
HTN, CHF, diabetic renal disease Cough, Angioedema, Proteinuria, Taste changes, hypOtension, Pregnancy problems, Rash, Increased renin, Lower AGII (CAPTOPRIL). and hyperkalemia |
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hydralazine
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direct vasodilator (ups cGMP-->smooth muscle relaxation)
vasodilates arterioles>veins severe hypertension, CHF, 1st line for HTN in pregnancy compensatory tachycardia (give with B-blocker to avoid), fluid retention, nausea, headache, angina, SLE-like syndrome |
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nifedipine
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Ca+ channel blocker (decrease contractility of vascular smooth muscle>>cardiac muscle)
prinzmetal's angina, Raynauds cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema |
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verapamil
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Ca+ channel blocker (decrease contractility of cardiac muscle>>vascular smooth muscle) (-conduction velocity, +ERP, +PR interval)
HTN, angina, arrhythmias (prevention of nodal arrhythmias), prinzmetal's angina, raynauds cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema prinzmetal's angina, Raynauds cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema |
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diltiazem
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Ca+ channel blocker (decrease contractility of cardiac smooth muscle & vascular smooth muscle) (-conduction velocity, +ERP, +PR interval)
HTN, angina, arrhythmias (prevention of nodal arrhythmias), prinzmetal's angina, Raynauds cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema |
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nitroglycerin
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vasodilator (releases NO which increases cGMP)
dilates veins>>arteries (decreases preload) angina, pulmonary edema, aphrodisiac reflex tachycardia, hypotension, Monday disease in industrial exposure, headache |
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triamterene
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K-sparing diuretic (---I Na channels)-- work in CCT
hyperaldosteronism, K depletion, CHF hyperkalemia |
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amiloride
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K-sparing diuretic (---I Na channels)-- work in CCT
hyperaldosteronism, K depletion, CHF hyperkalemia |
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captopril
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ACE-I
HTN, CHF, diabetic renal disease Cough, Angioedema, Proteinuria, Taste changes, hypOtension, Pregnancy problems, Rash, Increased renin, Lower AGII (CAPTOPRIL). and hyperkalemia |
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enalapril
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ACE-I
HTN, CHF, diabetic renal disease Cough, Angioedema, Proteinuria, Taste changes, hypOtension, Pregnancy problems, Rash, Increased renin, Lower AGII (CAPTOPRIL). and hyperkalemia |
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lisinopril
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ACE-I
HTN, CHF, diabetic renal disease Cough, Angioedema, Proteinuria, Taste changes, hypOtension, Pregnancy problems, Rash, Increased renin, Lower AGII (CAPTOPRIL). and hyperkalemia |
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hydralazine
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direct vasodilator (ups cGMP-->smooth muscle relaxation)
vasodilates arterioles>veins severe hypertension, CHF, 1st line for HTN in pregnancy compensatory tachycardia (give with B-blocker to avoid), fluid retention, nausea, headache, angina, SLE-like syndrome |
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nifedipine
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Ca+ channel blocker (decrease contractility of vascular smooth muscle>>cardiac muscle)
prinzmetal's angina, Raynauds cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema |
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verapamil
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Ca+ channel blocker (decrease contractility of cardiac muscle>>vascular smooth muscle)
HTN, angina, arrhythmias, prinzmetal's angina, raynauds cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema prinzmetal's angina, Raynauds cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema |
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diltiazem
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Ca+ channel blocker (decrease contractility of cardiac smooth muscle & vascular smooth muscle)
HTN, angina, arrhythmias, prinzmetal's angina, Raynauds cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema |
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nitroglycerin
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vasodilator (releases NO which increases cGMP)
dilates veins>>arteries (decreases preload) angina, pulmonary edema, aphrodisiac reflex tachycardia, hypotension, Monday disease in industrial exposure, headache |
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isosorbide dinitrate
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vasodilator (releases NO which increases cGMP)
dilates veins>>arteries (decreases preload) angina, pulmonary edema, aphrodisiac reflex tachycardia, hypotension, Monday disease in industrial exposure, headache |
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nitroprusside
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short acting vasodilator via direct NO release (ups cGMP)
malignant HTN causes CN tox |
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fenoldopam
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D1 receptor agonist (relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle)
malignant HTN |
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diazoxide
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K+ channel opener (hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle)
malignant HTN can cause hyperglycemia (decreases insulin release) |
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all statins
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
decrease LDL>>>TG and increases HDL hepatotox, rhamdomyolysis |
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niacin
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reduces VLDL secretion into blood by liver
decrease LDL>>TG and increases >>HDL the best red, flushed face (rx with aspirin), hyperglycemia, hyper uricemia |
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cholestryamine
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bile acin resin
decreases LDL, slightly increases HDL & TG tastes horrible, gallstones |
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colestipol
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bile acin resin
decreases LDL, slightly increases HDL & TG tastes horrible, gallstones |
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colesevelam
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bile acin resin
decreases LDL, slightly increases HDL & TG tastes horrible, gallstones |
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ezetimibe
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cholesterol absorption blocker
decreases LDL rare elevated LFTs |
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gemfibrozil
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fibrate (up-regulates LPL)
decreases TG>>>LDL, slightly increases HDL myositis, hepatotox, gallstones |
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clofibrate
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fibrate (up-regulates LPL)
decreases TG>>>LDL, slightly increases HDL myositis, hepatotox, gallstones |
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bezafibrate
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fibrate (up-regulates LPL)
decreases TG>>>LDL, slightly increases HDL myositis, hepatotox, gallstones |
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fenofibrate
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fibrate (up-regulates LPL)
decreases TG>>>LDL, slightly increases HDL myositis, hepatotox, gallstones |
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digoxin
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cardiac glycoside (---I Na/K ATPase which leads to ---I Na/Ca antiport---> increased Ca in---> increased contractility)
CHF, afib (decreases conduction at AV & SA nodes) cholinergic tox, blurry yellow vision, hyperkalemia (scooping) tox with hypokalemia, ESRD, quinidine |
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quinidine
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Na+ channel blocker
class 1A-- (+AP duration, + ERP, +QT) affect both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, RESVT NO long-QT syndrome cinchonism (headaches, tinnitus), thrombocytopenia, torsades |
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procainamide
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Na+ channel blocker
class 1A-- (+AP duration, + ERP, +QT) affect both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, RESVT NO long-QT syndrome thrombocytopenia, torsades, SLE-like syndrome |
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disopyramide
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Na+ channel blocker
class 1A-- (+AP duration, + ERP, +QT) affect both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, RESVT NO long-QT syndrome thrombocytopenia, torsades |
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lidocaine
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Na+ channel blocker
class 1B-- (-AP duration) preferentially effects ischemic or depolarized Purkinje & ventricular tissue, acute ventricular arrhythmias (post-MI) and digitalis-induced arrhythmias CNS stimulation/depression, CV depression |
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mexiletine
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Na+ channel blocker
class 1B-- (-AP duration) preferentially effects ischemic or depolarized Purkinje & ventricular tissue, acute ventricular arrhythmias (post-MI) and digitalis-induced arrhythmias CNS stimulation/depression, CV depression |
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tocainide
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Na+ channel blocker
class 1B-- (-AP duration) preferentially effects ischemic or depolarized Purkinje & ventricular tissue, acute ventricular arrhythmias (post-MI) and digitalis-induced arrhythmias CNS stimulation/depression, CV depression |
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flecainide
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Na+ channel blocker
class 1C-- (No effect on AP duration) use in vtachs that progress to VF and intractable SVT, last resort. Can use in LongQT NO post MI proarrhythmic, esp post-MI (prolongs refractory period in AV node) |
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encainide
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Na+ channel blocker
class 1C-- (No effect on AP duration) use in vtachs that progress to VF and intractable SVT, last resort. Can use in LongQT NO post MI proarrhythmic, esp post-MI (prolongs refractory period in AV node) |
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propafenone
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Na+ channel blocker
class 1C-- (No effect on AP duration) use in vtachs that progress to VF and intractable SVT, last resort. Can use in LongQT NO post MI proarrhythmic, esp post-MI (prolongs refractory period in AV node) |
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B-blockers as antiarrythmics
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-cAMP---> -Ca currents, -phase 4 slope (AV node very sensitive)
v-tach, SVT, slowing ventricular rate during a-fib & a-flutter impotence, exacerbation of asthma, CV depression, CNS sedation, masks signs of hypoglycemia |
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sotalol
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K+ channel blocker
Class III antiarrhythmic (+AP duration, +ERP, +QT interval) use when others fail torsades de pointes, excessive B-block |
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ibutilide
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K+ channel blocker
Class III antiarrhythmic (+AP duration, +ERP, +QT interval) use when others fail torsades de pointes |
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bretylium
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K+ channel blocker
Class III antiarrhythmic (+AP duration, +ERP, +QT interval) use when others fail new arrhythmias, hypotension |
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dofetilide
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K+ channel blocker
Class III antiarrhythmic (+AP duration, +ERP, +QT interval) use when others fail |
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amiodarone
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K+ channel blocker
Class III antiarrhythmic (+AP duration, +ERP, +QT interval) but as I, II, and IV effects also use when others fail pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotox, hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism (check PFTs, LFTS, and TFTs), skin deposits (blue/gray), neurotox, constipation, CV depression |
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phenytoin
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+Na channel inactivation
1st line for Tonic-Clonic seizures, 1st line for prophylaxis of status, can use in partials NO absence seizure use, NO pregnancy Zero order kinetics, SLE-like, +p450, nystagmus, hirsutism, megaloblastic anemia, gingival hyperplasia, ataxia |
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carbamazepine
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+Na channel inactivation, 1st line for tonic clonic seizures, can use in partial, trigeminal neuralgia
No absence seizures, No pregnancy +p450, blood stuff, SIADH, Steven-Johnson |
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lamotrigine
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blocks voltage-gated Na channels
use in tonic clonic seizures & partial seizures No absence seizures Steven-Johnson's syndrome |
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gabapentin
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Gaba analog, inhibits HVA Ca channels
use in tonic clonic seizures & partial seizures, peripheral neuropathy, bipolar No absence seizures ataxia |
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topiramate
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blocks Na channels, +GABA action
use in tonic clonic seizures & partial seizures No absence seizures sedation, weight loss |
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phenobarbital
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+GABA action
use in tonic clonic seizures & partial seizures; 1st line in pregnancy and children No absence seizures |
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valproic acid
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+Na channel inactivation, +GABA concentration
1st line in tonic clonic seizures can use in partial seizures & absence seizures & myoclonic seizures No pregnancy (neural tube defects) hepatotoxic,GI distress |
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ethosuximide
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blocks thalamic T-type Ca channels
1st line for absence seizures fatigue, GI, headache |
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benzodiazepines
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+GABA action
1st line for acute status epilepticcus dependence, CNS depression (esp with EtOH) |
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halothane
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inhaled anesthetic
high potency and slow induction (due to high blood & lipid solubility) hepatotox |
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enflurane
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inhaled anesthetic
proconvulsant |
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isoflurane
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inhaled anesthetic
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sevoflurane
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inhaled anesthetic
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methoxyflurane
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inhaled anesthetic
nephrotoxic |
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nitrous oxide
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inhaled anesthetic
fast induction and low potency (low blood & tissue solubility) expansion of trapped gas (no high ICP) |
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thiopental
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barbiturate-- IV anesthetic
high potency, high lipid solubility, rapid entry into brain use for induction and short surgical procedures resp. depression |
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midazolam
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benzo iv anesthetic
use for endoscopy severe resp depression post-op, -BP, amnesia |
