Usmle Microbiology Bacteria 2

Front 1

Gram - bacillus
Curved, small
Growth on Campy agar
Urease +

Back 1

H. pylori

Front 2

Urease + breath test

Back 2

H. pylori

Front 3

Associated with 100% of Duodenal Ulcers

Back 3

H. pylori

Front 4

H. pylori treatment

Back 4

BMT = Bismuth + Metronidazole + Tetracycline

Front 5

Gram - bacillus
Curved, small
Growth on Campy agar
Urease -

Back 5

Campylobacter jejuni

Front 6

Grows at 42' C in microaerophilic conditions

Back 6

C. jejuni

Front 7

Gram - associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Back 7

C. jejuni

Inflammation & demyelination of peripheral nerves & motor fibers of ventral roots, causing symmetric ascending muscle weakness beginning in distal lower extremities

Front 8

only Gram - without typical Endotoxin

Back 8

Bacteroides

Front 9

Gram - strict anaerobe

Back 9

Bacteroides

**others = ABC
-Actinomyces
-Bacterioides
-Clostridium

Front 10

After abdominal surgery patient has ABSCESSES

Back 10

Bacteroides fragilis

Front 11

4 clinical presentations of H. influenza

Back 11

HaEMOPhilus

Epiglotitis
Meningitis
Otitis media
Pneumonia

Front 12

Requires Factors X (hemin) and V (NAD) on Chocolate agar to grow

Back 12

H. influenza

Front 13

H. influenza meningitis DOC

Back 13

Ceftriaxone

Front 14

Charcoal yeast extract with Iron and Cysteine

Back 14

Legionella pneumophila

Front 15

-Heavy smoker complaining of the "flu"
-Watery diarrhea
-Sputum: many neutrophils but no bacteria
-CXR: nodular infiltrates

Other disease caused by this microbe?

Back 15

Legionella pneumophila = Legionaire's disease

Pontiac Fever = acute flu-like illness lasting 2-5 days

Front 16

Gram - that stains poorly, must use Silver stain

Transmission?

Rx?

Back 16

Legionella

Aerosol transmission from environmental water source...no P-to-P

Erythromycin

Front 17

Pertussis toxin MOA

Back 17

ADP-ribosylates Gi = uninhibited AC = high cAMP

Front 18

Infant with severe bouts of coughing
-attack of many coughs on a single expiration followed by a deep inspiration

Back 18

Bordetella pertussis

Front 19

Only stage in which B. pertussis can be treated with Erythromycin

Back 19

Catarrhal = flu-like symptoms

Front 20

What are the antibodies generated from vaccine targeted against for B. pertussis?

Back 20

Filamentous Hemagglutinin (FHA)

Front 21

-Goat cheese consumption
-Caseating granulomas and abscess formation
-Fever that climbs during the day and declines at night

Back 21

Brucella = Undulating fever

Front 22

-Black ulcer from tick bite
-Axillary lymph nodes on same side are enlarged
-microbe requires Cysteine for growth

Back 22

Francisella tularensis

Front 23

Cellulitis and Osteomyelitis after Cat/dog bite

Back 23

Pasteurella multocida

Front 24

2 obligate intracellular bacteria

Back 24

Chlamydia and Rickettsia

Front 25

-Chronic cough
-Night sweats
-CXR: cavitations with air-filled levels in the apex of left lung

Back 25

M. tuberculosis

Front 26

Immune response to M. TB

Back 26

DTH

Front 27

Reservoir in Armadillo

Back 27

M. leprae

Front 28

-thickened cheeks + deformed nose
-sensory loss in hands and legs
-testicular atrophy
-posterior tibial and ulnar nerves are palpable

Would this person have a + or - test? Why?

Back 28

M. lepromatous leprosy

Negative b/c they don't have the proper T cell response

Front 29

What do you give a patient who, due to treatment of leprosy, develops Erythema Nodosum Leprosum?

Back 29

Thalidomide

Front 30

Tabes Dorsalis

Back 30

Treponema pallidum = Syphillus

Front 31

Neonate with deafness, saddle nose, and teeth deformities

Back 31

Congenital Syphilis

Front 32

1. Painless chancre
2. Condylomata lata
3. Gummas

Back 32

T. pallidum

Front 33

Aortitis or Ascending Aortic Aneurysm

Back 33

Treponema Pallidum

**remember Syphillitic aneurysm?

Front 34

Jarish-Herxheimer reaction

Back 34

Lysis of Treponeme -> release of endotoxin -> fever, chills, myalgias

Front 35

Meningitis:
-high lymphocytes
-low PMNs

Back 35

Treponema pallidum

Front 36

Yaws genus

Back 36

Treponema

Front 37

FTA-ABS ??

Back 37

anti-treponemal Ab detection

Front 38

Symptoms of stage 2 Lyme Disease

Back 38

CNS: Bell's palsy, Aseptic meningitis

CV: Myopericarditis

Myalgias & transient Arthritis

Front 39

Primary symptom of Lyme Disease

Back 39

Erythema Chronicum Migrans = "bulls-eye" rash

Front 40

Stage 3 symptoms of Lyme Disease

Back 40

Chronic Polyarthritis

Front 41

How is Lyme Disease acquired?

Back 41

Ixodes tick

Front 42

Lyme Disease microbe

Back 42

Borrelia burgdorferi

Front 43

How is Relapsing Fever (Borrelia recurrentis) acquired?

Back 43

Human body louse

Front 44

Why does Borrelia recurrentis cause Relapsing Fever?

Back 44

Antigenic variation of outer membrane proteins by rearrangement and expression of silent genes

Front 45

Stains used for Spirochetes

Back 45

Giemsa and Wright stains

Front 46

How are Treponemes visualized?

Back 46

Darkfield Microscopy and Fluorescent Antibody staining

Front 47

Weil's disease = vasculitis w/ hemorrhagic complications, kidney damage with renal failure, liver damage with jaundice

Back 47

Leptospira interrogans

Front 48

Appearance: hooked end described as "ice tongs"

Back 48

Leptospira

Front 49

Culture of this microbe on Eaton agar has "fried-egg" appearance

Back 49

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Front 50

Cold hemagglutination

Back 50

Mycoplasma

Front 51

Only bacteria with Cholesterol in membranes

Back 51

Mycoplasma

Front 52

Describe Atypical pneumonia

Back 52

-diffuse interstitial infiltrate
-slow onset
-non-productive cough

Front 53

Atypical pneumonia transmitted by birds

Back 53

Chlamydia psittaci

Front 54

Difference between Chalymdia and Rickettsia intracelluar replication

Back 54

Chlamydia replicate in Inclusion Bodies

Rickettsia replicate freely in cytoplasm

Front 55

Vaginal discharge detecting numerous PMN's but no organisms on Gram stain

Back 55

Chlamydia Trachomatis

Front 56

Serovars that cause Trachoma (Chronic conjunctivitis) -> corneal scarring -> blindness

Back 56

A-C

Front 57

Serovars that cause Lymphogranuloma Venereum

Back 57

L1-L3 (C. trachomatis)

Front 58

-Diffuse interstitial infiltrate
-Gram stain shows PMN's but no organisms
-Giemsa stain reveals intracytoplasmic inclusions in epithelial cells

Back 58

Chlamydia pneumonia

Front 59

Diagnosis confirmed by Weil-Felix test

Back 59

R. rickettsii

Front 60

Tick that transmits RMSF

Back 60

Dermacentor

Front 61

Rash on palms and soles that spreads centrally to trunk

Back 61

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Front 62

Rash that begins on the trunk and begins to spread outwards but sparing the palms and soles

Back 62

R. prowazekii = Epidemic Typhus

Front 63

Brill-Zinsser Disease

Back 63

R. prowazekii = recovery without antibiotics with latents microbes within cells causing recurrent, mild epidemic typhus

Front 64

Microbe that causes Atypical Pneumonia but exists extracellulary as a spore
-Weil-Felix negative

Back 64

Coxiella burnetii

Front 65

Patient whose eye accomodates to near objects but does not react to light. Diagnosis?

Back 65

Argyll Robertson Pupil = Tertiary Syphillis = T. pallidum

Front 66

What patients may have positive VDRL? Why? What is the next step if you suspect Syphillis?

Back 66

SLE & Infectious Mono

Anti-cardiolipin Ab's

FTA-ABS is a more specific test

Front 67

Explain the life cycle of Chlamydia

Back 67

Elementary Bodies = enters the cell via Endococytosis

Reticular Body = Replicates in teh cell by fission

Front 68

Sexually transmitted -> painless ulceration at site of infection -> ulcers heal spontaneously but bacteria spread to regional lymph nodes -> lymphadenopathy weeks later -> buboes fuse, soften & suppurate -> creates multiple draining sinuses -> may lead to proctitis, rectal stricture

Back 68

L1-L3 Lymphogranuloma Venereum of Chlamydia Trachomatus

Front 69

22-year old student presents with nonproductive cough, fever, sore throat. CXR demonstrates diffuse interstitial infiltrate. Sputum Gram stain shows many PMNs but no organisms, & a Giemsa stain reveals intracytoplasmic inclusions in epithelial cells. Doxycycline treatment is begun

Back 69

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Front 70

Rash that begins on palms & soles and then spreads centrally to the trunk

Back 70

Rickettsia rickettsii

Front 71

2 obligate intracellular parasites

Back 71

Rickettsia & Chlamydia

**it's Really Cold outside

Front 72

Vector or RMSF

Back 72

Dermacentor tick

Front 73

What 3 agents cause a Palm & Sole rash?

Back 73

RMSF

Syphillis

Coxsackie virus

Front 74

Person was bit by a flea & then developed a rash that began on the trunk & then spread to the extremities, but sparing palms & soles

Back 74

R. typhi = Endemic typhus

Front 75

A cattle farmer goes to his doctor complaining of a mild cough & fever. He says that the fever began abruptly several days ago. His occupation as a cattle slaughterer leads the doctor towards a diagnosis, & tetracycline is administered. The diagnosis is confirmed by serology & a negative Weil-Felix test

Back 75

Coxiella Burnetii = Q fever
-atypical pneumonia
-carried in cattle, sheep, goat & shed in animal products
-inhaled as a spore