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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cat or dog bite causing cellulitis:
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* Pasteurella multicoda
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Cat scratch fever:
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* Bartonella henselae
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Painful ulcer on penis is d/t:
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* Haemophilus ducryei (chancroid)
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Painless ulcer on penis is:
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* Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
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Organism culprit of otitis externa from swimming:
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* Pseudomonas aeroginosa
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A person with B-12 deficiency can't convert what to what?
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* Can't convert methylmalonyl CoA to Succinyl CoA
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What is the treatment of choice for dracunculus medinensis infections?
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Niridazole. Found on pg. 159 (2008) and pg. 160 (2009).
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Lowenstein-Jensen agar is needed to culture which organism?
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M. tuberculosis. Found on pg. 141 (2008) and pg. 138 (2009).
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Potential complication of a Group A beta hemolytic organism that is sensitive to bacitracin:
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* Strep pyogenes (can cause strep pharyngitis and lead to MITRAL stenosis and vegetations)
Strep pyogenes can also cause impetigo |
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Antibodies are ineffective against paramyxoviruses (Parainfluenza, Rsv, Measles, Mumps) because:
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* Synctia formation
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A patient with decreased IgA will be at risk for:
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* Increased Atopy (allergic stuff) d/t isotope switching to IgE
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A pt with a severe pneumonia whose sputum grows a gram + rod on a charcoal agar has:
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* Legionella pneumophila (Legionaires disease)
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How does strep pneumoniae mediate its attachment in the nares to eventually become meningitis?
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* an IgA protease
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How is pseudomonas gain antibiotic resistance?
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* Mutated porin protein
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Virulence of strep pneumo?
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* Capsule and IgA protease
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Virulence factor of the organism that causes pharyngitis and rheumatic fever:
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* M-Protein (Strep pyogenes-- Group A Beta hemolytic strep)
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Features of rheumatic fever (strep pyogenes M-protein):
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* No "Rhem" for SPECCulation:
Sub-q nodules, Polyarthritis, erythema, Chorea, Carditis |
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A pt with active Hep B will have this important antigen for transmissability:
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* HBeAg
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Structure of the common cold virus:
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* Rhinovirus is ssRNA and naked
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Cells most responsible for acute response to a bacterial infection:
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* PMN's (T and B cells are responsible for an inflammatory response to acute infection)
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Pt with abdominal distension, no N&V, reports having "funny-looking" stools has:
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* Schistasoma (fluke from snails) infection which infects the PORTAL system
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What type of virus is rotavirus (diarrhea in kids)?
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* dsRNA (Reovirus)
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Pt from Arizona who is exposed to rat feces while cleaning who presents with an ARDS (pneumonia-like symptoms) has:
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* Hantavirus (ss - RNA) -- Bunyavirus
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Pt with pneumonia that's organism it cold agglutin positive has:
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* Atypical pneumonia via Mycoplasma pneumonia
Tx: Erythromycin |
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Immune response to filarial parasites:
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* IgE mediated degranulation of mast cell and histamine on the organism
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1st antibody PRODUCED during a bee-sting reaction:
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* IgM (IgM is ALWAYS the 1st Ab produced)
Remember that IgE is premade |
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Best tx for a strep pneumo pneumonia?
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* Azithromycin
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Only segmented viruses:
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* Influenza virus and Rotavirus (3 segs for the Hantavirus-- Bunyavirus)
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To confirm dx of HIV you do a western blot and it must be positive to 2 of what 3 antigens:
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* gp120, gp24, gp41
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Organism that is a gram neg diplococcus (kidney bean) that causes septic arthritis and has a PILI:
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* Neisseria gonorrhea (ferments glucose)
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Best test to rule-in a GBS meningitis in a baby:
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* GBS (Strep agalactiae) will have a positive CAMP test
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A woman who become pregnant after being treated for TB, what is the drug that did this?
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* Rifampin (Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase)
Isoniazid (inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis) |
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Pt with flu-like symptoms who is an avid surfer from Hawaii probably has:
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* Leptospirosis (spirochete)
Water + Tropics + Flu = Spirochete with hooks -- Leptospira |
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Heterophile positive Mono (sore throat + cervical lymphadenopathy):
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* EBV (which is a herpes virus dsDNA)
Heterophile (-) = CMV (herpesvirus dsDNA) |
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dsDNA viruses:
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* HSV1/2, CMV, EBV, HHV8, VZV (Herpesviruses); Adenovirus (pinkeye); JC-virus; HPV; Poxvirus
ssDNA virus = Parvovirus B19 |
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Only ssDNA virus:
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* Parvovirus B19
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Optochin sensitive:
Bacitracin sensitive: Novobiocin sensistive: |
* Optochin: Strep pneumo (alpha-hemolytic, IgA protease)
Bacitracin: Strep pyogenes (group A, Beta hemolytic, M-Protein with exotoxin Lysogeny) Novobiocin: Staph epidermidis |
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Only 2 organisms that can cause food poisoning within 2hrs:
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* Staph aureus (salty foods-- ham/potato salad)
Bacillus cereus (reheated rice) |
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Toxins that inactivate EF2:
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* Pseudo aero and Diptheria (cornye dipth)
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A sequelae of a pseudomonal infection is:
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* Ecthyma gangrenosum
Pseudo aeroginosa-- oxidase (+) and has an Exotoxin A and inactivates EF2 like Coryne diptheria |
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A girl with recurrent staph aureus and aspergillosis infections has:
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* Chronic granulomatous disease (deficiency of NADPH oxidase of Neutrophils)
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Stinky sputum from the lung:
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* Anaerobic Klebisiella pneumonia
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Any pt with aids that has an encephalitis with GIANT CELLS think:
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* Either HIV or HSV encephalitis
HSV encephalitis will be bitemporal though |
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A preggo woman who has a flu-like illness and then has a spontaneous abortion probably has ingested:
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* Aged cheese or unpasteurized milk (Listeria monocytoges-- and its Actin rockets are responsible)
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Organisms that do lysogeny:
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* ABCDE (shigA-like toxin, Botulinum toxin, Cholera toxin, Diptheria toxin, and Erythrogenic toxin of Strep pyogenes)
Ashiga Botulism toxin Cholera toxin Diptheria toxin Erythro toxin of Strep pyogenes (Bacitracin sensitive, M-Protein) |
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Fishy vaginal discharge with Clue cells:
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* Gardnerella (tx: Metronidazole)
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Causes yellow/green, FROTHY, vaginal discharge with itching:
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* Trichomonas vaginalis-- has trophozites on wet mount
Tx: Metronidazole |
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2 organisms that can cause cervicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease:
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* Chlamydia and Neisseria gonorrhea (gram neg diplococci-- creamy purulent discharge)
Chlamydia tx: Erythromycin or Tetracycline |
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Disorder following an infection that is will show an increased CSF protein with a normal cell count:
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* Guillain-Barre syndrome (Acute idiopathic polyneuritis)
Inflammartion and demyelination of PERIPHERAL NERVES, ascending weakness, it affects the motor fibers of the ventral roots |
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Only infection caused by a cylindrical, large, white worm:
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* Ascaris lumbricoides (get from ingesting its eggs in feces)
Tx: Mebedazole |
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Tapeworm from undercooked pork:
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* Taenia solium (ingestion of larvae encysted in pork)
Ingestion of its eggs causes "swiss cheese" appearance in brain Tx: Praziquantel |
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How does an organism develop vancomycin resistance?
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* By formation of novel cell wall peptide bridges
Vanco depends on its ability to bind D-ALA D-ALA in the cell wall (resistance is when the wall becomes D-ALA D-lac) |
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Only antibody that can be produced in full blown aids because it doesn't need T-cells:
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* IgM (IgA, IgG, and IgE all need T-cells which isn't there in AIDS)
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Organism that causes acute epididymitis/orchitis in sexually active males:
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* Neisseria gonorrhea (gram neg diplococcus) or Chlamydia trichomonas
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The wood tick can cause what 2 disorders:
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* Tularemia (Francisella) and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Ricket ricketsii)
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A kid presenting with difficult breathing, drooling, and stridor has:
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* Epiglotitis (via Haemophilus influenzae B-- not common d/t Hib vax)
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When does genital herpes reside?
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* Sacral ganglia (HSV-2)
HSV-1 = trigeminal ganglia |
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A person with syphilis who doesn't get treated will have what positive screening tests:
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* The FTA will be positive, but over time the VDRL will decrease
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Chlamydia can cause a conjunctivitis by eye seeking flies, how does it transmit its itracellular pathogen:
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* An Elementary Body (enters via endocytosis)
Once inside its the RETiculate body Tx: Macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin) or Tetracycline |
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Important (-) ssRNA viruses that are NON-Segmented are
(-)ssRNA that has 8 segments is: |
* Non-seg: Paramyxovirus (Parainfluenza, RSV, Measles, Mumps) and Rhabdovirus (Rabies)
8 segments: Orthomyxovirus (Influenza) |
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Naked ss(+)RNA viruses are:
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* Picornaviruses-- "PERCH" (Polio, Echo, Rhino, Coxsackie, HAV)
--and-- Calciviruses (HEV and Norwalk) |
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HIV drug user who presents with prolonged fever and diarrhea has:
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* Myco Avium Complex
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Pathologic factor for an e-coli produced prostatitis (uropathogen):
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* P-Pili
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How does hepatitis cause hepatocellular carcinoma:
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* Integration of the viral genome
(Remember viral hepatitis = ALT>AST and EtOH hep is AST>ALT) |
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2 commonly implicated organisms that can cause a fatty streak (atherosclerosis):
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* Chlamydia pneumophila and CMV (dsDNA virus)
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A exhibiting signs of TB infection but had a previous untreated TB episode would have what lung findings:
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* A single lesion in the APEX of the lungs (TB reactivation 2 degree TB)
Primary TB infection will infect the hilar lung area and the LOWER upper lung lobes |
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What is the best way to dx, treat, and identify the causitive agent in an AID's pt with an atypical pneumonia with cyanosis:
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* DX: Fluorescence Ab
Treat with: Trimethoprim Sulfa Identify with: Silver Stain Organism = Pneumo jirovecii |
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HPV responsible for cervical cancer:
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* HPV 16 and 18
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Important body structure that is a resevoir for HIV:
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* Follicular Dendritic Centers in the germinal centers of lymph nodes
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What would Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, and Coccidioides look like in the body:
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* Histo = Tiny yeast forms in Mac's (in the body)
Blasto = Free, round budding yeasts Coccido = Spherules containing endospores |
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Best treatment for chlamydia:
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* Macrolide (Azithromycin or Erythromycin) Bind 50s and inhibit protein synthesis
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Maternal rubella infection can cause what in the fetus:
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* Cataracts, PDA, MR, deafness
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Homozygous mutation of what receptor can make someone immune to HIV?
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* Homozygous Chemokine Receptor 5
HIV Immunity = CCR5 mutation |
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Where does pox virus replicate (mollocosum contagiosum)?
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* Cytoplasm
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The name of the toxin produced by clostridium perfringens (gram +rod) is:
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* Alpha toxin (produces myonecrosis)
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Used by chlamydia to replicate:
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* Reticulate body = Replicate
Elementary body = Enters |
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Best way to dx a crytococcal meningitis:
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* Latex agglutination (not india ink-- not as sensitive as latex agglute)
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Most common causative agent of bacterial prostatitis:
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* E. coli
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Aids pt with a positive silver stain from brochioalveolar lavage has:
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* Pneumo jirovecii (EXTRACELLULAR atypical fungus)
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Pt with altered consciousness who dies and his brain has eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions has:
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* Rabies-- Negri bodies (ss - RNA bullet shaped capsid)
Migrates up the axons |
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Contains the hair cells for hearing:
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* Organ of Corti
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Test that is best for determining if someone has been exposed to some viral pathogen (such as varicella before):
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* ELISA is best
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AIDS pt with punch-out lesions all over the esophagus probably has:
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* Herpes simplex infective esophagitis
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Chloramphenicol causes aplastic anemia, what would it do to the bone marrow?
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* It would be hypocellular with predominance of fat and marrow stroma
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Causes subactue sclerosing enchephalitis:
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* Measles (rubeola)
(Lots of neuro/behavior changes occur) |
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How would you prevent a neonate from getting a GBS meningitis from the mom during delivery?
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* Give her IV ampicillin during labor
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What causes the lesions seen with burn patients infected with a pseudomonal infection?
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* Elastases (cause pseudomonal septicemia)
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Delivery of bacterial info from one organism to another via a phage is:
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* Transduction
(Transposons jump via plasmids) |
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B-12 deficiency (megaloblastic anemia) with a tapeworm infection (eating seafood/fishing etc.) is:
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* Diphyllobothrium latum
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Oral flora that can produce a lung abscess/pneumonia:
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* Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Peptococcus
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Aids pt with ring-enhancing brain lesions that show bradyzoites:
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* Toxoplasma gondii (protozoan from poorly cooked PORK)
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Infective agent in honey that gives kids a flaccid paralysis:
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* SPORE of Botulinum toxin
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Neonate who develops pneumonia following a conjuctivitis has:
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* Chlamydia trachmontis pneumonia
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A yeast the forms pseudohyphae describes:
Silver stain fungus think: |
* Candida infection
Silver stain: Pneumo jirovecii |
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Kid with itchy butt worms, and the scotch tape test is positive for oval eggs that are flat on one side has:
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* Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
Tx: mebendazole |
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A pregnant woman with a parvovirus B-19 infection might cause what in her fetus?
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* Aplastic anemia -- leading to non-immune hydrops
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How does herpes virus move in the neurons:
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* Retrograde movement using dynein
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Best way to dx a candida infection:
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* Germ-tube test
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A man with explosive, watery/bloody, diarrhea, after eating undercooked food has an infection with:
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* Campylobacter jejuni (best test is it grows at 107 F)
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Best test for checking HIV viral load:
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* HIV reverse transcriptase PCR
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