Usmle - Immnuo

Front 1

What are the acute phase cytokines?

Back 1

IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-a

Front 2

What are the acute phase cytokines?

Back 2

IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha

Front 3

HLA-B27

Back 3

Psoriasis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Inflammatory bowel disease, Reiter's syndrome

PAIR

Assocated with seronegative arthritis

Front 4

HLA-DR3

Back 4

Diabetes mellitus type 1

Front 5

HLA-DR4

Back 5

Rheumatoid arthritis, Diabetes mellitus type 1

Front 6

Th1 helper T cell

Back 6

Stimulated by IL-12

Inhibited by IL-10

Makes IL-2 (stimulates T cells), IFN-gamma (stimulates macrophages). Activates macrophages and CD8+ T cells.

Front 7

Th2 helper T cell

Back 7

Stimulated by IL-4

Inhibited by IFN-gamma

Makes IL-4, IL-5 (stimulate B cells), IL-10 (inhibits Th1 cells, T cells, and macrophages), helps B cells make antibody (IgE > IgG)

Front 8

Natural killer cells

Back 8

Use perforin and granzymes to induce apoptosis of virally infected cells and tumor cells. Only lymphocyte member of innate immune system. Activity enhanced by IL-12, IFN-alpha, and IFN-beta.

Induced to kill when exposed to a nonspecific activation signal on target cell and/or to an absence of class I MHC on target cell surface.

Front 9

Which cells are antigen presenting cells?

Back 9

Macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells.

Front 10

Which antibodies are expressed on the cell surface of mature B lymphocytes?

Back 10

IgM and IgD

Front 11

What mediates B cell antibody isotype switching?

Back 11

CD40 and IL-4, IL-5, or IL-6 from Th2 cells

Front 12

IL-1

Back 12

Secreted by macrophages. Causes acute inflammation. Induces cytokine production to recruit leukocytes; activates endothelium to expressed adhesion molecules. An endogenous pyrogen.

Front 13

IL-2

Back 13

Secreted by Th1 cells. Stimulates growth of helper and cytotoxic T cells.

Front 14

IL-3

Back 14

Secreted by activated T cells. Supports the growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. Has a function similar to GM-CSF.

Front 15

IL-4

Back 15

Secreted by Th2 cells. Promotes growth of B cells. Enhances class switching to IgE and IgG.

Front 16

IL-5

Back 16

Secreted by Th2 cells. Promotes differentiation of B cells. Enhances class switching to IgA. Stimulates production and activation of eosinophils.

Front 17

IL-6

Back 17

Secreted by Th cells and macrophages. Stimulates production of acute-phase reactants and immunoglobulins.

Front 18

IL-8

Back 18

Secreted by macrophages. Major chemotactic factor for neutrophils.

Front 19

IL-10

Back 19

Secreted by regulatory T cells. Inhibits actions of activated T cells. Activates Th2, inhibits Th1.

Front 20

IL-12

Back 20

Secreted by B cells and macrophages. Activates NK cells and Th1 cells.

Front 21

gamma-interferon

Back 21

Secreted by Th1 cells. Stimulates macrophages. Activates Th1, inhibits Th2.

Front 22

INF

Back 22

Secreted by macrophages. Mediates septic shock. Causes leukocyte recruitment, vascular leak.

Front 23

What factors are chemotaxic for neutrophils?

Back 23

IL-8, leukotriene B4, and C5a

Before (B4) I ate (8) 5 CAndies.

Front 24

CD3 complex

Back 24

A cluster of polypeptides associated with a T-cell receptor. Important in signal transduction.

Front 25

Helper T cell surface proteins

Back 25

CD4, TCR, CD3, CD28, CD40L

Front 26

Cytotoxic T cells

Back 26

CD8, TCR, CD3

Front 27

B cell receptors

Back 27

IgM, IgD, CD19, CD20, CD21 (EBV receptor), CD40, MHC II, B7

Front 28

Macrophage receptors

Back 28

MHC II, B7, CD40, CD14, Fc and C3b receptors, CD16

Front 29

NK cell receptors

Back 29

Receptors for MHC I, CD16 (binds Fc of IgG), CD56

Front 30

What do CD55 and CD59 do?

Back 30

They are located on RBCs, WBCs, and platelets and protect against complement activation.

Front 31

C3a actions

Back 31

Stimulates mast cells and basophils. Releases histamine causing vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, blood pressure drop, edema of the tounge, etc.

Front 32

C5a actions

Back 32

Neutrophil chemotaxis

Front 33

What activates the classic and alternative pathways of complement?

Back 33

Classic - IgM and IgG

Alternate - molecules on the surface of microbes

Front 34

Which complement components are responsible for anaphylaxis?

Back 34

C3a and C5a

Front 35

What molecules make up the decay accelerating factor?

Back 35

C1 esterase, CD55, and CD59

Front 36

What do C1-C4 do?

Back 36

Neutralize viruses

Front 37

Deficiency of C1 esterase leads to what?

Back 37

Hereditary angioedema (increase in bradykinin)

Front 38

Deficiency of DAF leads to?

Back 38

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Front 39

Which complement component opsonizes bacteria?

Back 39

C3b

Front 40

What do alpha and beta interferon do?

Back 40

Inhibit viral protein synthesis; activate NK cells to kill virus infected cells.

Front 41

What are the actions of gamma interferon?

Back 41

Increase MHC I and II expression and antigen presentation in all cells; stimulates macrophages; activates Th1 cells and inhibits Th2 cells.

Front 42

Why is there hypercalcemia in gramulomatous diseases?

Back 42

Giant cells found in granulomas secrete vitamin D, which increases the serum concentration of calcium.

Front 43

How do you test for a Type II hypersensitivity reaction?

Back 43

Direct and indirect Coombs' test

Front 44

What is the arthus reaction?

Back 44

A local subacute antibody-mediated hypersensitivity (type III) reaction. Intradermal injection of antigen induces antibodies, which form antigen-antibody complexes in the skin. Characterized by edema, necrosis (due to vascular obstruction), and activation of complement. Take 5-12 hours.

Front 45

What are the X linked immunodeficiencies?

Back 45

Wiskott-Aldrich, Bruton's agammaglobulinemia, Chronic granulmatous disease, and Hyper IgM syndrome

Front 46

What are the phagocyte deficiencies?

Back 46

Chronic granulomatous disease, Chediak-Higashi disease, Job's syndrome, and Leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome