Usmle First Aid Neurology 1

Front 1

syringomyelia

Back 1

cystic enlargement of central canal of spinal cord

Front 2

damaged first in syringomyelia

Back 2

crossing fibers of spinothalamic tract

Front 3

syringomyelia sx

Back 3

cape-like bilat loss of pain and temp sensation in upper extremities (fine touch preserved)

Front 4

syringomyelia assoc with

Back 4

Chiari I malformation

Front 5

Chiari I malformation

Back 5

> 3-5 mm cerebellar tonsillar ectopia

Front 6

syringomyelia most common at (levels)

Back 6

C8-T1

Front 7

anterior 2/3 of tongue formed by what branchial arches

Back 7

1st

Front 8

posterior 2/3 of tongue formed by what branchial arches

Back 8

3rd and 4th

Front 9

sensation in anterior 2/3 of tongue

Back 9

CN V3

Front 10

taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue

Back 10

CN VII

Front 11

sensation and taste in posterior 1/3 of tongue

Back 11

mainly via CN IX, extreme posterior by CN X

Front 12

motor innervation to tongue

Back 12

CN XII

Front 13

muscles of tongue derived from

Back 13

occipital dermatomes

Front 14

hypothalamus functions

Back 14

TAN HATS

Thirst and water balance
Adenohypophysis control
Neurohypophysis releases hormones produced in hypothalamus
Hunger
Autonomic regulation
Temp regulation
Sexual urges

Front 15

adenohypophysis =

Back 15

ant. pit.

Front 16

neurohypophysis =

Back 16

post. pit.

Front 17

Hypothalamus inputs (2)

Back 17

OVLT
area postrema

Front 18

OVLT senses

Back 18

change in osmolarity

Front 19

area postrema responds to

Back 19

emetics

Front 20

not protected by BBB

Back 20

OVLT, area postrema

Front 21

nucleus that makes ADH

Back 21

supraoptic

Front 22

hormones made by hypothalamus but stored in post. pit.

Back 22

ADH, oxytocin

Front 23

Nuclei of hypothalamus

Back 23

.

Front 24

lateral nucleus of hypothal controls

Back 24

Hunger

Front 25

lesion of lateral nucleus of hypothalamus

Back 25

anorexia, FTT

Front 26

lateral nucleus of hypothal inhibited by

Back 26

leptin

Front 27

ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus controls

Back 27

satiety

Front 28

lesion of ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus

Back 28

e.g. by craniopharyngeoma

causes hyperphagia

Front 29

stimulated by leptin

Back 29

ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus

Front 30

anterior nucleus of hypothal controls

Back 30

cooling, parasymp

A/C cools you off

Front 31

posterior nucleus of hypothal contros

Back 31

heating, symp

Front 32

suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothal controls

Back 32

circadian rhythm

you need to sleep to be charismatic!

Front 33

post. pit. receives hypothalamic axonal projections from (2)

Back 33

1. supraoptic (ADH) and
2. PVN (oxytocin)

Front 34

induces overlying ectoderm to differentiate into neuroectoderm and form neural plate

Back 34

notochord

Front 35

neural plate gives rise to

Back 35

neural tube and neural crest

Front 36

notochord becomes

Back 36

nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc in adults

Front 37

alar plate (dorsal)

Back 37

sensory

Front 38

basal plate (ventral)

Back 38

motor

Front 39

3 primary vesicles of developing brain

Back 39

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

Front 40

5 secondary vesicles of developing brain

Back 40

telencephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon

Front 41

walls of telencephalon form

Back 41

cerebral hemisoheres

Front 42

cavity of telencephalon forms

Back 42

lateral ventricles

Front 43

walls of diencephalon form

Back 43

thalamus

Front 44

cavities of diencephalon form

Back 44

3rd ventricle

Front 45

walls of mesencephalon form

Back 45

midbrain

Front 46

cavity of mesencephalon forms

Back 46

aqueduct

Front 47

walls of metencephalon form

Back 47

pons
cerebellum

Front 48

cavity of metencephalon forms

Back 48

upper part of 4th ventricle

Front 49

walls of myelencephalon form

Back 49

medulla

Front 50

cavity of myelencephalon forms

Back 50

lower part of 4th ventricle

Front 51

aphasia

Back 51

higher-order inability to speak (language deficit)

Front 52

dysarthria

Back 52

motor inability to speak (movement deficit)

Front 53

4 types of aphasia

Back 53

Broca's
Wernicke's
Global
Conduction

Front 54

nonfluent aphasia with intact comprehension

Back 54

Broca's aphasia

"Broca's Broken Boca"

Front 55

Broca's area

Back 55

inferior frontal gyrus of frontal lobe

Front 56

fluent aphasia with impaired comprehension

Back 56

Wernicke's aphasia

Wernicke's in Wordy but makes no sense

Front 57

wernicke's area

Back 57

superior temporal gyrus of temporal lobe

Front 58

nonfluent aphasia with impaired comprehension

Back 58

global aphasia

Front 59

global aphasia affects

Back 59

both Broca's and Wernicke's areas

Front 60

poor repetition (can't repeat no ifs ands or buts) but fluent speech, intact comprehension

Back 60

conduction aphasia

Front 61

can be caused by damage to the arcuate fasiculus

Back 61

conduction aphasia

Front 62

prosencephalon=

Back 62

forebrain

Front 63

mesencephalon=

Back 63

midbrain

Front 64

rhombencephalon=

Back 64

hindbrain