Usmle Fa Pharmacology

Front 1

rapid acting insulin drugs (3)

Back 1

lispro
aspart
regular

Front 2

intermediate acting insulin drugs (1)

Back 2

NPH

Front 3

long acting insulin drugs (2)

Back 3

glargine
detemir

Front 4

action of insulin drugs
- main (1)
- liver (2)
- muscle (3)
- fat (4)

Back 4

1 - bind insulin R.
2. increase glycogen storage
3. increase glycogen and protein synthesis, K+ uptake
4. help TG storage

Front 5

insulin drugs are used clinically for? (5)

Back 5

1. type 1 DM
2. type 2 DM
3. gestational DM
4. life threatening hyperkalemia
5. stress-induced hyperglycemia

Front 6

toxicities of insulin drugs (2)

Back 6

1. hypoglycemia

2. hypersensitivity - rare

Front 7

first generation sulfonylurea drugs (2)

Back 7

tolbutamide
chlorpropamide

Front 8

second generation sulfonylurea drugs (3)

Back 8

glyburide
glimepride
glipizide

Front 9

action of sulfonylurea drugs

Back 9

close K+ channel on B cell membrane --> cell depolarizes and triggers insulin release via increases Ca2+ influx

Front 10

clinical use of sulfonylurea drugs

Back 10

stimulate endogenous insulin secretion in type 2 DM

Front 11

side effects of first generation sulfonylurea drugs

Back 11

disulfiram-like effects

Front 12

side effects of second generation sulfonylurea drugs

Back 12

hypoglycemia

Front 13

examples of biguanide drug

Back 13

Metformin

Front 14

actions of Metformin (3)

Back 14

decreases gluconeogenesis

increases glycolysis

increases peripheral glucose uptake

Front 15

clinical notes about Metformin (2)

Back 15

PO admin

can be used in pts w/o islet cell function

Front 16

adverse effect of Metformin

Back 16

lactic acidosis

C/I in renal failure

Front 17

glitazone drugs (2)

Back 17

pioglitazone

rosiglitazone

Front 18

mechanism of action of glitazones

Back 18

increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues --> binds to PPARy txn regulator

Front 19

clinical use of glitazones

Back 19

uses as monotherapy in type 2DM

Front 20

adverse effects of glitazones (4)

Back 20

1. weight gain
2. edema
3. hepatotoxicity
4. CV toxicity

Front 21

a-glucosidase inhibitors (2)

Back 21

acarbose
miglitol

Front 22

action of a-glucosidase inhibitors

Back 22

inhibit intestinal brush border a-glucosidases --> delayed sugar hydrolysis and absorprtion post-prandially

Front 23

clinical use of a-glucosidase inhibitors

Back 23

monotherapy for DM2

Front 24

adverse effects of a-glucosidase inhibitors

Back 24

GI disturbances

Front 25

pramlintide

Back 25

decreases glucagon
used for DM2

Front 26

adverse effects of pramlintide (3)

Back 26

hypoglycemia
nausea
diarrhea

Front 27

GLP1 analogs

Back 27

exenatide

-- type 2 DM

Front 28

action of GLP1 analogs (2)

Back 28

1. increase insulin
2. decrease glucagon release

Front 29

adverse effects of GLP-1 analogs (3)

Back 29

nausea
vomiting
pancreatitis

Front 30

Tx. of hyperthyroidism ? (2)

Back 30

1. propylthiouracil
2. methimazole

Front 31

mechanism of action of propythiouracile and methimazole

Back 31

inhibitor organification of iodide and coupling of TH synthesis

- PTU decrease peripheral conversion of T4-->T3

Front 32

propylthiouracil
methimazole

--> adverse effects (4)

Back 32

11. skin rash
2. agranulocytosis - rare
3. aplastic anemia
4. teratogenic - methimazole

Front 33

drugs used for thyroxine replacement (2)

Back 33

1. hypothyroidism
2. myxedema

Front 34

toxicity of levothyroxine (methimazole)

Back 34

1. tachycardia
2. heat intolerance
3. tremors
4. arrhythmias

Front 35

octreotide

Back 35

somatostatin analogue

Front 36

clinical uses of octreotide (4)

Back 36

1. acromegaly
2. carcinoid
3. gastrinoma
4. glucagonoma

Front 37

desmopressin

Back 37

ADH analogue

Front 38

clinical uses of desmopressin

Back 38

central diabetes insipidus

Front 39

demeclocycline

Back 39

ADH antagonist

--> tetracycline family

Front 40

clinical use of demeclocycline

Back 40

SIADH

Front 41

toxicity of demeclocycline (3)

Back 41

1. nephrogenic DI
2. photosensitivity
3. abnormalities of bones/teeth

Front 42

glucocorticoids - names (5)

Back 42

hydrocortisone
prednisone
triamcinolone
dexamethosone
beclomethasone

Front 43

clinical uses of glucocorticoids (4)

Back 43

1. addison's disease
2. inflammation
3. immune suppression
4. asthma

Front 44

toxicities of glucocorticoids (2)

Back 44

1. iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome
2. adrenal insufficiency if drug stopped abruptly after chronic use