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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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monozygotic twins
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1 zygote splits evently to develop 2 amniotic sacs with single chorion and placenta
OR if they split early, they can develop 2 of everything (same as dizygotes) |
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monochorionic monoamniotic twins are at risk for...
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conjoined twins
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maternal component of placenta
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decidua basalis (derived from endometrium)
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maternal O2 blood...
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travels through syncitotrophoblast, then cytotrophoblast, then into fetal vessels
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ACE inhibitors ---> what birth defects
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renal damage
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Aminoglycosides ---> what birth defects
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CN VIII toxicity
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tetracyclines ---> what birth defects
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discolored teeth
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vitamin A excess ---> what birth defects
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extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)
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Warfarin ---> what birth defects
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bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion
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Urachal duct
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yolk sac --> bladder
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vitelline duct
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yolk sac --> midgut
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septum secundum becomes...
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foramen ovale
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fetal erythropoiesis
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Young Liver Synthesizes Blood
Yolk sac Liver Spleen Bone marrow |
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Rhombencephalon--->
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metencephalon (--> pons and cerebellum)
myelencephalon (medulla) |
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cerebellar tonsilar herniation through formen magnum
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arnold-chiari II
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absent vermis with cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle
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dandy-walker
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"cape-like" loss of pain/temp in upper extremities with preservation of touch
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syringomyelia
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Branchial apparatus layers
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CAP covers from outside to in
Cleft=ectoderm Arch=mesoderm Pouch=endoderm |
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1st branchial cleft -->
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external auditory meatus
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2-4 branchial cleft -->
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temporary cervical sinuses
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1 branchial pouch -->
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middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, mastoid air cells
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2 branchial pouch -->
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epithelium of palantine tonsils
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3 branchial pouch -->
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inferior parathyroids and thymus
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4 branchial pouch -->
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superior paratyroids
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rostral fold closure defect -->
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sternal defect
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lateral fold closure defect -->
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omphalocele, gastroschisis
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caudal fold closure defect -->
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bladder exstrophy
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where does the spleen arise from embryologically
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dorsal mesentary (mesoderm) but is supplied by the artery of the foregut (celiac)
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mesonephros
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interim kidney for 1st month
later contributes to the male genital system |
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uteric bud
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caudal end of metanephros
gives rise to ureter, pelvises, through branch, calyces and collecting ducts |
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metanephric mesenchyme
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through interaction with uteric bud, differentiates into glomerulus and renal tubules through DCT
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most common site of obstruction (hydronephrosis) in fetal kidney
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ureteropelvic junction
last to canalize |
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pathogenesis of Potter's syndrome
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malformation of ureteric buds
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female genital development
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mesonephron degenerates and paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct develops
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Mullerian duct -->
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fallopian tube, uterus, and upper 1/3 of vagina (UG sinus contribues lower 2/3)
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male genital development
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SRY gene on Y chromosome codes for testis-determining factor
Mullerian inhibiting factor secreted by Sertoli cells to suppress paramesonephric ducts increased androgens from Leydig cells --> development of mesonephric (Wolffian ducts) |
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Wolffian ducts -->
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male internal structures except prostate
SEED Seminal vesicles Epididymis Ejaculatory duct Ductus deferens |
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Bicornate uterus pathogenesis
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incomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts
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