Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
"Strawberry tongue"
|
Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
|
|
|
"waxy" casts with very low urine flow
|
chronic end-stage renal disease
|
|
|
"worst headache of my life"
|
subarachnoid hemorrhage (ruptured berry aneurysm)
|
|
|
abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
|
Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
|
|
|
achilles tendon xanthoma
|
familial hypercholesterolemia
|
|
|
adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
|
|
|
arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
|
Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
|
|
|
athlete with polycythemia
|
erythropoietin injection
|
|
|
back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
|
Pott's disease (vertebral TB)
|
|
|
bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
|
sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
|
|
|
blue sclera
|
osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen defect)
|
|
|
bluish line on gingiva
|
Burton's line (lead poisoning)
|
|
|
bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
|
Paget's disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
|
|
|
bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
|
aortic regurgitation
|
|
|
cafe-au-lait spots, bilateral acoustic neuromas
|
neurofibromatosis type II
|
|
|
cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas
|
neurofibromatosis type I
|
|
|
cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty
|
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
|
|
|
calf pseudohypertrophy
|
muscular dystrophy (m/c Duchenne's)
|
|
|
cherry-red spot on macula
|
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
|
|
|
chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
|
Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)
|
|
|
child uses arms to stand up from squat
|
Gowers' sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy: X-linked recessive deleted dystrophin gene)
|
|
|
child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
|
"Slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
|
|
|
chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
|
Huntington's disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
|
|
|
chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps
|
McArdle's disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
|
|
|
cold intolerance
|
hypothyroidism
|
|
|
conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
|
internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke])
|
|
|
continuous machinery heart murmur
|
PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)
|
|
|
cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
|
myxedema (hypothyroidism, Graves disease)
|
|
|
dark purple skin/mouth nodules
|
Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients [gay men]: associated with HHV-8}
|
|
|
deep labored breathing/hyperventilation
|
Kussmaul breathing (DKA)
|
|
|
dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
|
Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
|
|
|
dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
|
Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)
|
|
|
dog or cat bite resulting in infection
|
Pasteurella multicoda (cellulitis at inoculation site)
|
|
|
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
|
Sjogren's syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
|
|
|
dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
|
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
|
|
|
elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
|
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (collagen defect, usually type III)
|
|
|
enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
|
Virchow's node (abdominal metastasis)
|
|
|
erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, heptosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
|
Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
|
|
|
facial muscle spasm upon tapping
|
Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)
|
|
|
fat, female, forty, and fertile
|
acute cholecystitis (bile duct blockage)
|
|
|
fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antiobiotic treatment for syphilis
|
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
|
|
|
fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
|
measles (morbillivirus)
|
|
|
fever, night sweats, weight loss
|
B symptoms (lymphoma)
|
|
|
fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
|
Peyronie's disease (connective tissue disorder)
|
|
|
gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
|
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
|
|
|
green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
|
Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's disease)
|
|
|
hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
|
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increased cancer risk)
|
|
|
hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
|
Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
|
|
|
hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
|
Alport's syndrome (type IV collagen mutation)
|
|
|
hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
|
Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
|
|
|
hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
|
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
|
|
|
hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
|
Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
|
|
|
hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
|
"Blue Bloater" (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)
|
|
|
indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
|
nonpainful: chancre (primary syphilis, Treponema pallidum)
|
|
|
painful with exudate
|
chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
|
|
|
infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
|
Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
|
|
|
infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly
|
Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
|
|
|
infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect
|
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
|
|
|
jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
|
Charcot's triad 2 (ascending cholangitis)
|
|
|
keratin pearls on skin biopsy
|
squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
large rash with bulls-eye appearance
|
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
|
|
|
lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
|
epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
|
|
|
male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
|
Bruton's disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
|
|
|
mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
|
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
|
|
|
multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
|
Gardner's syndrome (subtype of FAP)
|
|
|
necrotizing vasculutus (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
|
Wegener's (c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture's syndromes (anti-basement membrane Abs)
|
|
|
neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
|
Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: "waiters tip")
|
|
|
no lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
|
Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
|
|
|
nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
|
multiple sclerosis
|
|
|
oscillating slow/fast breathing
|
Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure)
|
|
|
painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
|
cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)
|
|
|
painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
|
Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in extremities)
|
|
|
painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles
|
Osler's node (infective endocarditis)
|
|
|
painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
|
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)
|
|
|
painless jaundice
|
cancer of pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
|
|
|
palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain (child)
|
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
|
|
|
pancreatic, pituitary, parathyoid tumors
|
Wermer's syndrome (MEN 1)
|
|
|
pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
|
"Pink Puffer" (emphysema: centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [α1-antitrypsin deficiency])
|
|
|
polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
|
Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
|
|
|
positive anterior "drawer sign"
|
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
|
|
|
ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
|
Horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
|
|
|
pupil accommodates but doesn't react
|
Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
|
|
|
rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/upper respiratory infection)
|
Guillain-Barre syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
|
|
|
rash on palms and soles
|
secondary syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Coxsackievirus A
|
|
|
recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
|
Job's syndrome (hyper-IgE syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
|
|
|
red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
|
Klebsiella pneumoniae
|
|
|
red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
|
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
|
|
|
red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
|
Paget's disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)
|
|
|
renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
|
von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
|
|
|
resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
|
Parkinson's disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
|
|
|
restrictive cardiomyopathy (juvenile form: cardiomegaly), exercise intolerance
|
Pompe's disease (lysosomal glucosidase deficiency)
|
|
|
retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
|
Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)
|
|
|
severe jaundice in neonate
|
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
|
|
|
severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
|
McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
|
|
|
short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
|
Fanconi's anemia (genetically inherited; often progresses to AML)
|
|
|
single palm crease
|
Simian crease (Down syndrome)
|
|
|
situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis
|
Kartagener's syndrome (dynein defect affecting cilia)
|
|
|
skin hyperpigmentation
|
Addison's disease (primary adrenocortical insufficiency of autoimmune or infectious etiology)
|
|
|
slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
|
Becker's muscular dystrophy (X-linked, defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's)
|
|
|
small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
|
Koplik spots (measles)
|
|
|
smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals
|
condylomata lata (secondary syphilis)
|
|
|
splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
|
bacterial endocarditis
|
|
|
streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney
|
Turner syndrome (XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
|
|
|
sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
|
Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
|
|
|
swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
|
scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
|
|
|
swollen, hard, painful finger joints
|
osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes]
|
|
|
systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-descrescendo)
|
aortic valve stenosis
|
|
|
thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
|
Sipple's syndrome (MEN 2A)
|
|
|
toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
|
Babinski's sign (UMN lesion)
|
|
|
unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
|
Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
|
|
|
urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
|
Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27)
|
|
|
vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
|
hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
|
|
|
vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis
|
Shwartzman reaction (following second exposure to endotoxin)
|
|
|
vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations
|
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
|
|
|
WBC casts in urine
|
acute pyelonephritis
|
|
|
weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
|
Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippeli)
|
