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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does a case-control study assess?
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* Odds ratio
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A study that compares a group of people with disease to a group without is:
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* A Case-control study (measures odds ratio)
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What does a cohort study measure?
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* Relative Risk
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A study that compares a group with a given risk factor to a group without to assess whether the risk factor increased the likelihood of the disease is:
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* A Cohort study (measures relative risk)
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What does a twin concordance study measure?
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* Heritability
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A study that measures the frequency of disease in monozygotic or dizygotic twins is:
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* A twin concordance study (studies heritability)
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What does an adoption study measure?
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* Heritability and influence of environmental factors
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What is a meta-analysis?
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* Pooling data from several studies to come to an overall conclusion. Highest echelon of clinical evidence.
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How do you calculate incidence?
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* (New cases in population over a given time period) / (total population at risk during that time)
Incidence is NEW incidents |
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How do you calculate sensitivity/ specificity?
Disease + or - (x-axis) Test + or - (y-axis) A B C D |
* Sensitivity = a / (a + c)
SPECIFICITY = d / (d + b) |
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A value approaching 1 for a sensitivity test means:
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* SNOUT = Value approaching 1 is good for ruling OUT disease
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A value approaching 1 for a specificity test means:
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* SPIN = Value approaching 1 is good for ruling IN disease -- used to confirm after a positive screening test (sensitive)
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How do you calculate the odds ratio for a case control study?
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* AD / BC
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How do you calculate the relative risk for a cohort study?
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* [a / (a + b)] / [c / (c + d)]
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The trueness of a test measurement (validity) is:
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* Accuracy
(Precision is consistency, but its not necessarily accurate) |
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What are the 3 types of disease prevention?
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* PDR
1 = Prevent disease 2 = Detect early 3 = Reduce disability from disease |
