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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chromatin struture
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substance that forms chromosomes. DNA(-) looped around histones."beads of strings"
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Heterochromatin Vs. Euchromatin
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Hetero-condensed, inactive
Eu- less condensed, active "truly transcribed" |
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Nucleotide: Purine
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A&G (G has KEYtone) with 2 rings,
"PURe As Gold" |
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Nucleotide: Pyrimidine
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C,U,T(THYmine has a meTHYL)
"CUT the PY" |
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Transition vs. Transversion
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TransItion substitute Identical type, transVerion conVersion b/w types
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Mutations in DNA
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silent-same aa
missense- different aa nonsense-early stop codon |
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Prokaryotic DNA replication
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single origin of replication,
continuous syn. on leading strand, discont. syn. on laging strand (Okazaki fragments). |
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DNA polymerase III
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elongates chain by adding deoxynulceotides 5' to 3'
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DNA polymerase I
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degrades RNA primer
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Eukaryotic DNA polymerase
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have seperate polymerases for specific functions.
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Eukaryotic genome
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has several origins of replication, AT base pair sequences
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DNA Repair: Single stranded
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glycosylase recognizes and removes damaged base. Endonuclease breaks bases at 5' side. Exonuclease removes nucleotides. DNA polymerase fills gap. DNA ligase seals
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DNA repair defects
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Xeroderma pigmentosum=UVlight
ataxia-telangiectasia=xrays Bloom's syndrome= radiation Fanconi's anemia=cross linking agents |
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Xeroderma pigmentosum
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defective excision repair, inability to repair thymidine dimers. Sx: dry skin, melanoma
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DNA/RNA/Protein synthesis direction
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5' to 3'
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mRNA
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largest, made by RNA polymerase II
"Massive" |
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rRNA
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most abundant, syn. by RNA polymerase I
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tRNA
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smallest, syn. by RNA polymerase III
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RNA polymerase II
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opens DNA at promotor site. inhibited by alpha amanitin in death cap mushrooms
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