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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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antibiotic classes
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Pen's
-G -amox/amp -ticar, piper, carba -methcillin, naf, dicloxa Cephs Aztreonam Imipenem/cilastin (meropenem) Vanco Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Macrolides Chloramphen Clindamycin sulfonamides trimethoprim fluoroquinolones |
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carbenicillin
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P. Aeruginosa
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amoxicillin
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oral bioavailability
extended spectrum HI, EC, Listeria, Proteus p. colitis |
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methcilin
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interstitial nephritis
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pen
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hemolytic anemia, hypersens
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cefazolin
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1st gen ceph
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cephalexin
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1st gen ceph
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cefoxitin
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2nd gen
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cefaclor
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2nd gen
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cefuroxime
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2nd gen
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ceftriaxone
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3rd gen
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cefotaxime
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3rd gen
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ceftazidime
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3rd gen
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cefepime
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4th gen
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cefpiramide
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4th gen
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ceph toxicities
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cross hypersens w/pen
nephrotox of aminoglyco's increased disulfiram-like rxn w/ethanol |
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increases aminoglycoside toxicities
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cephalosporins
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aztreonam
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monobactam
resistant to lactamases G neg rods (kleb, pseudomon, serratia) |
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imipenem
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w/ cilastin
enterobacter CNS toxicity (sz) high dose lactamase resistant G pos cocci, G neg rods |
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meropenem
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same as imipenem
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vanco
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cell wall mucopeptide
nephro oto thrombophlebitis red man syndrome |
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protein synth inhibitors
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aminoglycosides
tetracyclines chloramphen erythromy clindamy lincomy |
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streptomycin
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aminoglycoside
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gentamicin
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aminoglycoside
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amikacin
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aminoglycoside
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aminoglycosides
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NOT ANAEROBES (need O2)
30s inhibit initiation complex neo for bowel surg nephro, oto, teratogen |
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tetracyclines
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30s prevent attach aminoacyl-tRNA
vibrio, acne, chlamydia, urea_____, mycoplasma, pneumoniae, Tularemia, HPylori, Borrelia, Rickettsia TERATOGEN teeth discolor & bone |
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macrolides
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erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
50s translocation |
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erythromycin
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macrolide:
-50s translocation URI, STD increase serum conc of: -theophyllines -anticoagulants |
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chloramphenicol
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50s peptidyltransferase
meningitis anemia, aplastic anemia, gray baby (UDP glucuronyl transferase) |
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clindamycin
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50s peptide bond formation
anaerobic inf (clostridium -except difficile, bacteroides) PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS |
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sulfonamides
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all have sulf in name
PABA, dihydropteroate synthase UTI Hypersens, G6PDh def get hemolysis nephrotox kernicterus in infant displace drugs (warfarin) from albumin |
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trimethoprim
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inhib dihydrofolate reductase
combo w/sulfonamides -sequential block of folate synth (dihyropteroate synth, dihydrofolate reduct) mega anemia, leukopen, granulocytopen |
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fluoroquinolones
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___________floxacin
inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisom II) UTI & GI gram negs NOT in preg or c's(cart damage) SUPERINFECTIONS |
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metronidazole
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toxic metabolites in bact cell
giardia, entamoeba, trichomonas H Pylori (triple tx): add bismuth, amox (or tetra) disulfarim w/ alc |
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polymixins
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mix up membranes (osmotic properties)
resistant gram negs neurotoxicity, ATN |
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resistance by lactamase cleavage
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pen & ceph
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resistance by acetylation, adenylation, phosphorylation
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aminoglycos
chloramphenicol (acetylation only) |
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resistance by terminal D-ala replaced w/D-lac
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vanco (decreases affinity)
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resistance via methylation of rRNA near binding site
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erythromycin
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resistance by decrease uptake or increase transp out of cell
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tetracycline
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resistance via alter enzyme, decrease uptake or increase PABA synth
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sulfonamides
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nephrotoxic
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aminoglycosides (ceph's increase effect)
-use aztreonam instead vanco Polymixin-ATN |
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contraindicated in preg
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aminoglycosides (genta, neo, etc)
tetracyclines (teeth, bones) |
