Usmle 10 Bateman

Front 1

FMR1 gene

Back 1

on X chromosome

increased CGG repeats --> hypermethylation and inactivation

Front 2

What defects are most likely to occur with an imperforate anus?

Back 2

other UG defects

Front 3

Pathophysiology of pulsus paradoxus

Back 3

dz that restricts expansion into the pericardial space (eg- pericarditis)

inspiration --> increased venous return to R side of heat. under nl conditions the expansion is into the pericardial space. in paradoxus, can't, so expands into left side

Front 4

E. coli that does not ferment sorbitol and does not produce glucuronidase

Back 4

0157:H7

Front 5

E. coli 0157:H7

Back 5

produces Shiga-like toxin = EHEC

MCC - inadequately cooked hamburger meat

Front 6

Shiga toxin

Back 6

enhanced by iron deficiency

inactivates 60S ribosome --> cell death

can --> HUS

Front 7

HUS

Back 7

thrombocytopenia, MAHA, renal insufficiency (uremia)

Front 8

Pertussin toxin MOA

Back 8

activates AC

Front 9

B. anthracis (edema factor) MOA

Back 9

activates AC

Front 10

ETEC (heat labile toxin) MOA

Back 10

activates AC

Front 11

C. jejuni toxin MOA

Back 11

activates AC

Front 12

B. cereus (heat labile toxin) MOA

Back 12

activates AC

Front 13

V. cholerae toxin MOA

Back 13

activates AC

Front 14

Bacterial toxins that affect guanylyl cyclase

Back 14

ETEC (heat stable toxin)
Y. enterocolitica toxin

Front 15

Bacteria that inactivate elongation factor 2 (EF2)

Back 15

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
P. aeruginosa (exotoxin A)

Front 16

Toxin B of C. difficile

Back 16

disruptions cytoskeleton

Front 17

Long term sequelae of hydrocephalus in children

Back 17

lower extremity spasticity 2/2 stretching of the periventricular pyramidal tracts, visual disturbances, and learning disabilities

Front 18

How are osteophytes connected?

Back 18

gap junctions

Front 19

endolymph made by...

Back 19

stria vascularis

Front 20

parts of middle ear that detect linear acceleration

Back 20

utricle (horizontal)

saccule (vertical)

Front 21

part of inner ear that detects angular acceleration

Back 21

semicircular canals

Front 22

mydriasis

Back 22

pupil dilation

caused by alpha 1 activation (sympathetic)

dilator/radial muscle

Front 23

miosis

Back 23

pupil constriction

caused by M3 activation (parasympathetic)

sphincter/circular/constrictor muscle

Front 24

ciliary process

Back 24

beta activation --> aqueous humor

beta blockers are a tx for glaucoma

Front 25

ciliary muscle

Back 25

M3 --> accommodation

Front 26

open/wide angle glaucoma

Back 26

obstructed outflow

most common type

painless !!

Front 27

closed/narrow angle glaucoma

Back 27

obstruction between iris and cornea

EMERGENCY (and don't give epi)

not painless. frontal headaches

Front 28

blind spot in increased ICP

Back 28

blind spot gets bigger

Front 29

eye "down and out"

Back 29

CN III damage

Front 30

long ciliary nerve

Back 30

mydriasis

Front 31

what is effected first in CN III compression?

Back 31

parasympathetics (pupil dilation)

Front 32

what is effected first in CN III with vascular dz?

Back 32

output to EOM muscles

Front 33

internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO)

Back 33

conjugate lateral gaze d/o

MLF lesion --> medial rectus palsy

affect eye can't Adduct

nystagmus in partner eye on abduction

Front 34

charcot's classic triad of MS

Back 34

SIN

Scanning speech
Intention tremor (Incontinence, INO)
Nystagmus

Front 35

Peripheral vertigo

Back 35

most common form of vertigo

positional testing --> delayed horizontal nystagmus

Front 36

central vertigo

Back 36

position testing --> immediate nystagmus

Front 37

what opioid side effects do not show increased tolerance?

Back 37

constipation and miosis

Front 38

what causes cleft lip?

Back 38

maxillary prominence fails to fuse with medial nasal prominence

Front 39

what causes cleft palate?

Back 39

failure of lateral palantine process, nasal septum, and/or median palantine process

Front 40

what ulcers do not increase risk for cancer?

Back 40

duodenal

Front 41

Thiazides cause...

Back 41

HYPER problems...
hyperuricemia
hypercalcemia
hyperglycemia
hyperlipidemia

HYPO problems...
hypokalemia
hypotension

Front 42

α2γ2

Back 42

HbF

Front 43

α2δ2

Back 43

HbA2

Front 44

what is increased with the live polio vaccine vs killed vaccine

Back 44

increased mucosal IgA over killed vaccine

Front 45

chronic renal dz impairs what step in vitD synthesis

Back 45

25 --> 1,25 VitD

--> secondary hyperparathyroidism

Front 46

spherules: what organism?

Back 46

coccidioides

contains spores

Front 47

sporangium

Back 47

present in mold fungi

produces and contains spores

Front 48

differential cyanosis

Back 48

PDA

Front 49

brain tumor with psammoma bodies

Back 49

meningioma

Front 50

brain tumor with pseudopalisading pleomorphic nuclei

Back 50

GBM

Front 51

S100 positive brain tumor

Back 51

schwannoma

Front 52

Rosenthal fibers in brain tumor

Back 52

eosinphilic corkscrew fibers

pilocytic astrocytoma

Front 53

Homer-Wright rosettes

Back 53

medulloblastoma

Front 54

brain tumor with polycythemia

Back 54

hemangioblastoma

2/2 EPO production

Front 55

most childhood brain tumors are supra- or infratentorial in location?

Back 55

infratentorial

Front 56

uncal herniation

Back 56

CN III stretch --> ipsilateral dilated pupil and ptosis

posterior cerebral artery compression --> contralateral homonymous hemianopsia

compression of contralateral crus cerebri --> ipsilateral paresis

Front 57

purpose of alpha agonists in glaucoma

Back 57

decrease synthesis of aqueous humor

Front 58

purpose of beta blockers in glaucoma

Back 58

decreased secretion of aqueous humor

Front 59

purpose of cholinomemetics in glaucoma

Back 59

increased outflow of aqueous humor

Front 60

short acting BZDs

Back 60

TOM thumb

triazolam
oxazepam
midazolam

Front 61

malingering

Back 61

attain a specific secondary gain

avoids medical Tx (vs. facticious do)

Front 62

factitious d/o

Back 62

primary gain is medical attention

chronic = Munchausen

Front 63

somatoform d/o

Back 63

multiple organ systems effected over a period of years

Front 64

conversion d/o

Back 64

follows acute stresser

pt is aware of but indifferent toward Sx

Front 65

Tx for depression with insomnia

Back 65

mirtazapine

Front 66

high potency neuroleptics

Back 66

haloperidol
trifluoperazine
fluphenazine

side effects are generally neurological

Front 67

low potency neuroleptics

Back 67

thioridazine
chlorpromazine

non-neuro side effects

Front 68

antipsychotic med with corneal deposits

Back 68

chlorpromazine

Front 69

antipsychotic med with retinal deposits

Back 69

thioridazine

Front 70

antipsychotics with significant weight gain

Back 70

olanzapine and clozapine

Front 71

Lithium side effects

Back 71

LMNOP

Lithium side effects:
Movement (tremor)
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
hypOthyroidism
Pregnancy Problems

Front 72

most common side effect of SNRI

Back 72

increased blood pressure

Front 73

screening test: high sensitivity or specificity

Back 73

increased sensitivity to make sure you catch everyone

Front 74

superior gluteal nerve is in what quadrant of the buttocks?

Back 74

superior medial quadrant

weak abductors

Front 75

what artery supplies femoral head and neck

Back 75

medical circumflex artery

Front 76

what happens to aldosterone level in cor pulmonale

Back 76

increased aldo 2/2 decreased CO

Front 77

when maturing erythrocytes lose their ___ they can no longer synthesize heme

Back 77

mitochondria

Front 78

what causes the greenish color in healing bruises?

Back 78

heme oxygenase

converts heme --> biliverdin

Front 79

Major factor responsible for variation in bone density

Back 79

genetic factors (75%)

Front 80

Tx for drug induced parkinsonism

Back 80

centrally acting antimuscarinics

eg- Benztropine