Usmle 1 Path Resp

Front 1

what causes acute epiglottitis, which may be life-threatening in young children?

Back 1

H. influenzae

Front 2

MC nasal and laryngeal tumor

Back 2

Squamous cell CA

Front 3

Dx:

Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio

Back 3

COPD

Front 4

Dx:

Charcot-Leyden crystals, Curschmann spirals, bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy

Back 4

Asthma

Front 5

Definition:

Productive cough occurring at least 3 consecutive months over at least 2 years

what change occurs w/ cells?

Back 5

Chronic Bronchitis


(Inc mucous due to hyperplasia of mucous-secreting glands)

Front 6

Definition:

Dilation of air spaces w/ destruction of alveolar walls and lack of elastic recoil

Back 6

Emphysema

Front 7

Type of emphysema dealing with smoking

Back 7

Centriacinar

Front 8

Type of emphysema dealing with A-1-A deficiency

what gene is difficient in most severe?

Back 8

Panacinar

(piZZ - homozygous)

Front 9

Type of emphysema dealing with blebbing or subpleural bullae

Back 9

Paraseptal

Front 10

Definition:

perminant abnormal bronchial dilation caused by chronic infection w/ inflammation and necrosis of the bronchial wall

Back 10

Bronchiestasis

Front 11

Dx:

dilated airways, copious purulent sputum, hemoptysis and recurrent pulmonary infections leading to lung abscess (obstruction)

Back 11

Bronchiectasis

Front 12

Definition:

Diffuse alveolar damage w/ resultant increase in alveolar permeability, causing a leak of protein-rich fluid from the alveoli and formation of intra-alveolar hyaline membrane

Back 12

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Front 13

Definition:

Group of environmental diseases caused by inhalation of inorganic dust particles

Back 13

Pneumoconioses

Front 14

Dx:

inhalation of carbon dust, marked by carbon-carrying macrophages

Back 14

Anthracosis

Front 15

Dx:

progressive massive fibrosis w/ necrotic black fluid and dark macules around bronchioles

Back 15

Coal Miners Pneumoconiosis

Front 16

Dx:

diffuse interstitial fibrosis mainly in the lower lobes w/ ferruginous bodies and dense fibrocalcific plaques of parietal pleura

what can it lead to?

Back 16

Asbestosis

leads to: Mesothelioma

Front 17

Dx:

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, hypercalcemia, noncaseating granulomas

Back 17

Sarcoidosis

Front 18

Dx:

localized proliferation of histiocytes that have characteristic inclusions resembling tennis rackets (birbeck granules)

Back 18

Eosinophilic granulomas

Front 19

Definition:

Immune complex Dz w/ progressive fibrosis of the alveolar wall

Back 19

Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis

Front 20

MCC of Pulmonary HTN

Back 20

COPD

Front 21

MCC of interstitial pneumonia
(2)

Back 21

Mycoplama Pneumoniae;

Viruses

Front 22

What virus produces a Giant cell pneumonia?

Back 22

Measles

Front 23

What pneumonia is seen in people working with cattle or sheep?

Back 23

Rickettsial pneumonia

(Q-fever)

Front 24

Dx:

Gohn complex

Back 24

Primary TB

Front 25

Pulmonary infection:

Abscess and sinus tract formation w/ exudate containing sulfur granules

Back 25

Actinomycosis

Front 26

Tx of Neonatal Respiratory Distress syndrome

Back 26

Give mother steroids before birth

(or artificial surfactant for infant)

Front 27

MCC of Lobar pneumonia

Back 27

Pneumococcus

Front 28

Definition:

Carcinoma in the apex of the lung that may affect cervical sympathetic plexus

Back 28

Pancoast tumor

Front 29

what are the (2) lung cancers that are central?

what do they have a causitive link to?

Back 29

Squamous cell

Small cell (Oat cell)


both: Smoking!

Front 30

Dx:

cough, hemoptysis, bronchial wheezing, pneumonic "coin" lesion on x-ray

Back 30

Lung Cancer

Front 31

Describe the (3) peripheral Lung Cancers

Back 31

Adenocarcinoma:
MC non-smoking; K-RAS oncogene

Bronchoalveolar:
Tall columnar cells w/ along alveoli

Large cell:
Undifferentiated

Front 32

Dx:

lung tumor of major bronchi that may also cause flushing, diarrhea, wheezing and salivation

Back 32

Carcinoid tumor

Front 33

(5)* complications of Lung tumors

Back 33

SPHERE:

Superior vena cava syndrome
Pancoast tumor
Horner's syndrome
Endocrine (paraneoplastic)
Recurrent Laryngeal Sx (hoarsemess)
Effusions (pleural or pericardial)

Front 34

Causes of Respiratory sounds:

Stridor

Back 34

Inspiratory sound from narrowing extrathoracic area
(above glottis)

Front 35

Causes of Respiratory sounds:

Wheezing

Back 35

Narrowing of the intrathoracic airway during expiration

Front 36

Causes of Respiratory sounds:

Crackles

Back 36

Alveoli popping open

due to:
fluid (pneumonia, HF, ARDS)
or fibrosis

Front 37

Causes of Respiratory sounds:

Dullness to Percussion

Back 37

fluid, pus, tumor or blood absorbing the sound b/t alveoli and chest wall

Front 38

Causes of Respiratory sounds:

Hyperresonance

Back 38

Air under the chest wall

(Pneumothorax)

Front 39

Causes of Respiratory sounds:

Fremitus / Egophany

Back 39

Consolidation

(Pneumonia)

Front 40

Dx:

Increased Cold Agglutinin

Back 40

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Front 41

Dx:

laryngeal edema, steeple sign, unusual cough

Back 41

Parainfluenza

(Croup)

Front 42

Dx:

inhaling quartz or talc

Back 42

Silicosis

Front 43

what is the second MCC of lung CA?

Back 43

Radon gas

Front 44

Dx:

Tracheal deviation towards side of lesion
(one main one possible)

Back 44

Atelectasis

(Bronchial obstruction)

Front 45

Dx:

Tracheal deviation away from the side of lesion
(one main one possible)

Back 45

Pneumothorax

(Pleural Effusion)

Front 46

Dx:

bronchiectasis, recurrent sinusitis, infertility, situs inversus

defect?

Back 46

Kartagener's syndrome

(Dynein arm defect)