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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
(4)* functions of T3
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4 Bs:
Brain maturation, Bone growth, Beta-adrenergic effects, BMR increase |
4 Bs
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what is the cause of increased cortisol w/ low ACTH
(aside from Cushings)? |
Chronic steroid use
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(2) steps of Dexamethasone test to determine cause of Increased cortisol
(3 causes) |
1. Give LOW dose
(result: Lower cortisol = Healthy) (result: Higher cortisol = step 2) 2. Give HIGH dose (result: Lower cortisol = ACTH-producing tumor) (result: Higher cortisol = Cortisone producing tumor) |
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Dx:
Low cortisol; High ACTH |
Primary Hypocortisol
(Addisons) |
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Dx:
Low cortisol; Low ACTH |
Secondary Hypocortisol
(no ACTH; no skin pigmentation) |
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Dx:
High cortisol; Low ACTH (2) |
Primary Hypercortisol
(Cushings; chronic steroids) |
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Dx:
High cortisol; High ACTH |
Secondary Hypercortisol
(Tumor) |
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Dx:
HTN, hypoK, metabolic alkalosis, low plasma renin |
Primary Hyperaldosteronism
(Conn's syndrome) |
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Dx:
HTN, hypoK, metabolic alkalosis, high plasma renin |
Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
(CRF, CHF, renal artery stenosis, cirrhosis; anything that stimulates venous pooling) |
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Dx:
low aldosterone, low cortisol, hypotension, skin pigmentation, Adrenal Atrophy, Absence of hormones, All 3 cortical divisions affected |
Addison's Dz
(Primary Hypoaldosteronism and Hypocortisol) |
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MC tumor of the adrenal medulla in children
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Neuroblastoma
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Dx:
elevated Pressure, HA Pain, Perspiration, Palpitations, Pallor |
Pheochromocytoma
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Dx:
kidney stones, stomach ulcers, pituitary tumor |
MEN I (Wermer's syndrome)
3P = Pancreas, Pituitary, Parathyroid |
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Dx:
medullary CA of thyroid, pheochromocytoma, parathyroid tumor |
MEN II - Sipple syndrome
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Dx:
medullary CA of thyroid, pheochromocytoma, mucosal neuromas |
MEN III
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Dx:
Inc ESR, jaw pain, very tender thyroid; hypothyroidism following flu-like illness |
Subacute Thyroiditis
(de Quervain's Thyroiditis) |
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MC thyroid anomaly
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Thyroglossal duct cyst
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Dx:
Increased TSH at thyroid |
Goiter
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MCC of hypothyroidism
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Iodine deficiency
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Dx:
child w/ potbelly, pale, puffy-faced, impaired growth, protruding umbilicus and tongue, mental retardation what is deficient? |
Cretinism
(Iodine deficiency) |
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Dx:
hyperthyroidism, nodular goiter, no exophthalamos |
Plummer Dz
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Dx:
hypothyroidism w/ massive infiltrates of lymphocytes in germinal center |
Hashimoto thyroiditis
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Dx:
previous radiation of neck, "ground-glass" nuclei in thyroid, psammoma bodies |
Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
(MC type of thyroid CA) |
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Dx:
Increased Calcium; Decreased Phosphorus |
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
(Inc PTH) |
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Dx:
Decreased Calcium; Decreased Phosphorus |
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
(Dec Vit-D) |
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Dx:
Decreased Calcium; Increased Phosphorus |
Primary Hypoparathyroidism
(Dec PTH) |
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Dx:
Increased Calcium; Increased Phosphorus |
Secondary Hypoparathyroidism
(Inc Vit-D) |
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Dx:
stones, bones (pain) and groans (constipation) |
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
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Definition:
cystic bone spaces filled w/ brown fibrous tissue as a result of the osteoclastic reabsorption in primary hyperparathyroidism (2 names) |
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
(von Recklinghausen's syndrome) |
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Definition:
bone lesions due to secondary hypoparathyroidism due to renal Dz |
Renal Osteodystrophy
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(2) Physical exam signs of low calcium
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tapping facial nerve -> contraction of facial muscles
(Chvostek's sign) occlusion of Brachial artery w/ BP cuff -> carpal spasm (Trousseau's sign) |
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Dx:
Decreased Calcium, Increased Phosphorus, Increased PTH, shortened 4th/5th digits, short stature what protein is deficient? |
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
(Dec Guanine Nucleotide BP) |
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Dx:
kussmaul respirations, hyperthermia, N/V, Abd pain, psychosis, dehydration, fruity breath |
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
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Dx:
adrenal insufficiency due to hemorrhagic necrosis of adrenal cortex, assoc c/ DIC, due to Meningococcemia |
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
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Dx:
hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycenia, CNS dysfunction, reversal of CSN symptoms w/ glucose administration |
Insulinoma
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Dx:
hypresecretion of HCl in stomach, recurrent peptic ulcer Dz, hypergastrinemia |
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
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Dx:
rare tumor w/ watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria |
VIPoma
(Inc VIP) |
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Dx:
Adrenal hyperplasia, High BP, Low Cortisol, High Androgens |
11-Hydroxylase deficiency
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Dx:
Adrenal hyperplasia, Low BP, Low Cortisol, High Androgens |
21-Hydroxylase deficiency
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Dx:
Adrenal hyperplasia, High BP, Low Cortisol, Low Androgens |
17-Hydroxylase deficiency
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Dx:
Increase in Dilute Urine, Hyposmolar serum |
Primary Polydipsia
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Dx:
Increase in Dilute Urine, Hyperosmolar serum |
Diabetes Insipidus
(ADH deficiency = Neurogenic) (ADH receptor issue = Nephrogenic) |
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Dx:
Increase in concentrated Urine, Hyposmolar serum |
SIADH
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what receptors promote insulin secretion?
inhibit? |
promote: Beta receptors
inhibit: Alpha receptors |
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what stimulates both insulin and glucagon?
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Amino Acids
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what hormone is needed for GH to function correctly?
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Thyroid hormones
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Definition:
causes the increased synthesis of cartilage in epiphyseal plates of long bones; is a good measure of GH secretion |
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1
(IGF-1: a somatomedian) |
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how is GH similar to glucagon?
insulin? |
glucagon: Inc blood glucose and fat
Insulin: Inc uptake of AA into cells |
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Calcium change w/ Acidosis
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Increased
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Name bone calcium and phosphate
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Hydroxyapatite
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where is receptor for PTH in bone?
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Osteoblasts
(which stimulate osteoclasts) |
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Which leads to Inadequate Bone Mineralization:
Vit-D deficiency or excess? How? |
Both
Deficiency: decalcification of bone (Rickets/Osteomalacia) Excess: Inc. bone Resorption |
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what fills the lumen of the thyroid follicle?
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Thyroglobulin
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