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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what structure is derived from the precordial plate?
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the mouth
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what is the only organ supplied by the foregut artery that is of mesodermal origin?
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spleen
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in which direction and how far does the gut rotate?
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counterclockwise 270 degrees
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what structure connects the primative gut to the yolk sac?
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yolks stalk
(vitelline duct) |
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artery of the embryonic foregut?
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celiac artery
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when does the gut herniate out of the embryo?
when does it return? |
6 weeks
10 weeks |
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what can occur if the gut does not return to the embryo?
(2) |
- Omphalocele
- Gastroschists |
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around what structure does the midgut rotate?
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superior mesenteric artery
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3 things that cause the gonad to be a testis?
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- testis-determining factor from the Y chromosome
- MIF from sertoli cells - Testosterone from leydig cells |
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which neuropore opens first and closes last?
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caudal
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when do the septum primum and septum secundum of the heart fuse?
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after birth
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what is the cerebral cortex a derivative of?
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telencephalon
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what in embryo:
ligamentum teres |
umbilical vein
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what in embryo:
ligamentum venosum |
ductus venosus
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what two structures are derived from the fourth aortic arch?
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- arch of the aorta
- right subclavian |
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what structure is derived from the first aortic arch?
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maxillary artery
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what are the urinary bladder and the urethra derived from?
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urogenital sinus
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what are the pulmonary trunk and the ascending aorta derived from?
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truncus arteriosum
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what are the common and internal carotids derived from?
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third aortic arch
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what are the two derivatives of the sixth aortic arch?
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- pulmonary arteries
- ductus arteriosus |
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what CN is associated with pharyngeal arch:
- first - second - third - fourth - fifth - sixth |
- CN-5
- CN-7 - CN-9 - CN-10 - none-it degenerates - CN-10 |
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what is the meckles diverticulum a derivative of?
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vitelline duct
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what is the thymus a derivative of?
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diencephalon
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filament associated w/ what cell:
- Desmin - Vimentin |
- Desmin: Muscle
- Vimentin: Mesenchymal |
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what are the 2 amino acids that cross-link elastin?
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- Desmosine
- Isodesmosine |
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substance in eosinophils that is toxic to parasitic worms?
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Major basic protein
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what muscle type has calmodulin?
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smooth
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what is the area of mitotic activity in the GI?
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crypts of Lieberkulhun
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produces enamel of the teeth
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Ameloblast
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zone of the liver to be affected first by hypoxia
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centeral region
(around central vein) |
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where do you first see clara cells in respiratory system?
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terminal bronchioles
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what is the chromosome number:
- G1 phase - S phase - G2 phase - mitosis - primary spermatocyte |
- 46 (2n)
- 46 (4n) - 46 (4n) - 46 (4n) to 46 (2n) - 46 (4n) |
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when is meiosis arrested first in the female eggs?
At what stage? When do they begin tfrough the cycle again? |
in Utero
at: Meiosis I, Prophase I begin again: at Puberty |
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when is miosis arrested the second time in the female egg?
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at ovulation in Metaphase II
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part of the placenta derived from the mother?
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decidua basalis
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only nerve to come off the dorsal surface of the brain stem?
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CN-4
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type of fiber in the dorsal root?
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sensory
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what tract do the pain and temp fibers run?
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spinothalamic
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what tract do the touch, pressure, vibration senses run?
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Dorsal column-medial lemniscus
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thalamic relay nucleus for the visual system?
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Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
(LGN) |
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muscle of the eye responsible for accomodation
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ciliary
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if there is macular sparing w/ visual deficit, where is the lesion?
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occipital lobe
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motor relay of the thalamus
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Ventolateral Nucleus
(VL) |
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what is only cell type to leave the cerebellum?
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purkinje fibers
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if patient has right-sided cerebellar lesion, which way would he fall if he closed his eyes?
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to the right
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if patient presents w/ left nystagmus, where is the lesion?
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on right
(nystagmus is named for the fast component...fast component is to unaffected side) |
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what fluid of inner ear has the same electrolyte content as the ECF?
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perilymph
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only cell in the cerebellum to have an excitatory NT?
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granule cell
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what does nystagmus look like if cold water is placed in the right ear?
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slow drift to right, fast to left
COWS= Cold Opposite Warm Same (named for fast component) |
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type of memory loss with hippocampal lesion?
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long-term memory
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name the tract of the dorsal columns that are for lower extremities
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gracilis
(graceful dancing) |
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function of the superior colliculi?
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Site relay to thalamus
(Superior = Site) |
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if the corticobulbar tract for CN-7 and CN-12 were cut on the right,where would the deficit be?
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no deficit...
corticobubar tract receives bilateral input from these CN |
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as the head moves, what casues the eyes to move in the opposite direction?
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vestibular system
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part of ear sensitive to angular acceleration and deceleration?
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semicircular canals
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what artery on the homunculus supplies blood to the trunk and lower extremities?
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anterior cerebral artery
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eye muscle under:
- sympathetic control - parasymp control |
- symp: Dilator
(symp dilates eye) - para: Sphinctor (para constricts like a sphinctor) |
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where is the lesion in Hemiballism?
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contralateral subthalamic nuclei
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what area of the brain is known for language comprehension?
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Wernicke's area
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what part of the cerebellum is affected by alcohol, causing the "drink walk" effect?
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vermis
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spinal cord injury resulting in flaccid paralysis & muscle atrophy?
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Polio
(bilateral anterior horn lesions) |
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spinal cord lesion resulting in LMN & UMN problems?
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ALS
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spinal cord lesion resulting in bilateral loss of pain and temp at the level of the lesion?
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syringomyelia
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most common circle of willis aneurysm, causing CN-3 palsy
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Posterior communicating artery
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at what level (anatomical landmark) is a lumbar puncture and a nerve block performed?
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Lumbar: Iliac crest
Nerve block: Ischial spine |
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dermatome of the penis for sensation and erection
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S2, 3, 4 keeps the penis off the floor
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spinal cord lesion w/ bilateral dorsal column loss below level of lesion?
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Neuro-Syphilis
(Tabes dorsalis) |
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part of the vertebral disk is from notochord?
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nucleus pulposus
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to what level does the spinal cord extend?
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L1 - L2
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muscle that initiates abduction of the arm?
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supraspinalis
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nerve compressed w/ carpal tunnel syndrome
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median
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"foot drop" is caused by what nerve?
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common peroneal
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nerve damaged if pt cant adduct thigh?
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obturator
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what does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop before ascending into the larynx?
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right subclavian
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at what spinal level does the esophagus originate?
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C-6
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where does the right gonadal vein drain?
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inferior vena cava
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where does the left gonadal vein drain?
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left renal vein
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what is the portal triad?
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- common bile duct
- hepatic artery - portal vein |
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what are the only splanchnics in the body that carry preganglionic parasympathetic nerves?
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Pelvic splanchnics
(P=Pelvic=Pregang=Para) |
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what muscles in the hand are innervated by the median nerve?
(4) What are the other muscles innervated by? |
LOAF:
- Lumbricales - Opponens pollicis - Abductor pollicis - Flexor pollicis brevis All other muscles: Ulnar nerve |
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what muscles in the hand adduct & abducts the fingers?
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PAD & DAB:
- Palmar interosseus: ADducts - Dorsal interosseus: ABducts |
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4 muscles of the rotator cuff
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SITS:
Subscapularis Infraspinatus Teres minor Supraspinatus |
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"unhappy triad of the knee"
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- medial collateral ligament
- anterior crucite - medial meniscus |
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lymph drainage of pelvic organs (not gonads) to what nodes?
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internal iliac nodes
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