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37 Cards in this Set
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Freedman's Bureau |
created in March 1865 by Republicans; authorized to help ex-slaves by taking away slave owner's land and divvying it up, but wasn't very effective because slaves became "wage laborers" under this act |
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14th Amendment |
granted citizenship rights and equal protection under the laws to African Americans |
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Military Reconstruction Act |
military occupation in the south to punish unapologetic confederates; ALL males could be registered to vote |
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Radical Reconstruction |
a movement put in place by Andrew Johnson (after Lincoln was shot, Johnson ascended to Office), who believed "southern treason is a crime and crime must be punished." |
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Trusts and Corporations |
"why have 27 railroads in Illinois, we should just be one, efficient railroad, let's start a ______!" caused a huge drop in prices due to mass production, increase in unskilled workforce |
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Robber Barons |
Standard Oil and Carnegie Steel; establish their own laws of supply and demand that allow them to control the prices of things |
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Tenement Housing |
standard living arrangement in NYC in early 1900's, poor ventilation, fire hazards, germ factories, rodents and pests, communal toilet in yards or allies |
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Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives |
author and photographer who exposed living conditions in crowded slums, start of a Progressive reform movement that would grow into something major by the start of the 20th cen. |
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Populism |
economic grievances shared by many farmers about the post-Reconstruction South formed this party/policy; believe that political changes must start at the bottom and work up |
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"Yellow Journalism" |
journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers; popularized in the late nineteenth century by Jospeh Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst |
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"Cuba Libre" |
Cuban independence and Cuban revolution, declared Cuba free but we still had full control of their decisions and money |
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Progressivism |
a reform development in response to desire to improve life in the industrial age, wanted to build on existing society, making moderate political changes and social improvements through government action, shared goals of limiting big business, improving democracy, strengthening social justice |
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The Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) |
This act banned any formations that would restrict trade, not distinguishing between bad and good trusts. The act was a hamper on worker unions, but it showed that the government was slowly moving away from laissez faire ideals. |
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"Participatory Democracy" |
Mattson's term for the former style of American government since lost to oppressive influences of major organizations such governments, corporations, and universities. |
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"The Square Deal" |
policy that embraced the three Cs: control of the corporations, consumer protection, and the conservation of the United States' natural resources. |
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"The New Freedom" |
Wilson's policy that favored the small business, entrepreneurship, and the free functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized markets. |
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Hyphenated Americans |
U.S. Americans who identify not only with being U.S. citizens but also as being members of ethnic groups |
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Selective Service Act of 1917 |
A law passed by Congress in 1917 to create a national draft |
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Committee on Public Information (CPI) |
was a propaganda committee that built support for the war effort in Europe among Americans. It depicted Germans and other enemies on bad terms, and served to censor the press. The committee helped spur up the anti-German feeling in America as well as motivated Americans to support war against Germany once declared. |
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Espionage and Sedition Acts |
Federal law passed shortly after entrance into WWI, made it a crime for a person to mail or print information that inspired dissent against the American war effort or promoted its enemies. |
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Wilson's 14 Points |
were introduced by Wilson in 1918. It was Wilson's peace plan. Each of the points were designed to prevent future wars. He compromised each point at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The only point which remained was the 14th (League of Nations). Each one was appealing to a specific group in the war and each one held a specific purpose. |
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Great Migration |
The movement of African Americans from the South to the industrial centers of the Northeast and the Midwest. Causes for migration included decreasing cotton prices, the lack of immigrant workers in the North, increased manufacturing as a result of the war, and the strengthening of the KKK. Migration led to higher wages, more educational opportunities, and better standards of life for some blacks. |
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Marcus Garvey and Black Nationalism |
leader of the UNIA, urged blacks to return to Africa because, he reasoned, blacks would never be treated justly in countries ruled by whites |
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Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |
the decision that approved the separation of the races in accordance with the 14th Amend., basically formulated the "separate but equal" clause |
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Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth" (June 1889) |
essay written about the responsibilities of the rich man |
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Williams Jennings Bryan, Cross of Gold Speech (July 8, 1896) |
an argument crying out against the gold standard of the US monetary standards, called for bimetallism, or "free silver" |
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William Allen White, "What's the Matter with Kansas?" (Aug 16, 1896) |
an article written by a conservative editor defending the state of Kansas against the Populist movement |
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Walter Lippmann, "The Themes of Muckraking" (1914) |
young observer of the Progressive movement writes about the significance of the muckraking movement |
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Herbert Hoover, "Rugged Individualism Speech" (Oct 22, 1928) |
a classic statement of the optimism, the faith, in economic individualism, and the opposition to the expansion of governmental functions that was central to Hoover's philosophy |
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FDR, "Commonwealth Club Speech" (Sept 23, 1932) |
FDR argues that the US had come to a turning point at which a new kind of governmental policy was necessary in a campaign post-Hoover |
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Normalcy |
Harding's platform of nostalgia for simpler times before the progressives demanded so much idealism and sacrifice |
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The 18th Amendment |
ratified in January 1919 and put into effect in 1920, banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of all alcoholic beverages |
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The 19th Amendment |
ratified in 1920 and finally granted women the ballot |
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The "New Woman" |
in greater control of her mind and body that the wildest ideas of their Victorian mothers |
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The First New Deal |
similar to Hoover's old policies; phase one of FDR's action in office in response to the throes of the Depression; the appearance of action were essential to restoring the confidence of the American people |
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The Second New Deal |
FDR newest set of programs that cuts hard to the left/Democratic/liberal wing to appeal more to populists as he was about to run for re-election |
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The Third New Deal |
a last-ditch attempt by FDR to salvage the New Deal by announcing that he will balance the budget and reduce government intervention |
