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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a person who invests money in a business venture to make a profit
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entrepreneur
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an oil tycoon who used horizontal integration to decrease costs and increase profits
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John D. Rockefeller
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the inventor who wanted to develop affordable lighting for homes
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Thomas Edison
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a steel tycoon who used vertical integration to increase profits
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Andrew Carnegie
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rapid growth of cities
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urbanization
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important immigration processing station
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Ellis Island
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blended nationalities that create a single culture
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"melting pot"
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public system to move large numbers of people inexpensively
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mass transit
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similar consumer patterns across society
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mass culture
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a rail link between the East and the West
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transcontinental railroad
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the site of a victory by Indians led by Crazy Horse over 250 U.S. soldiers led by General George Custer
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Little Big Horn
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to absorb into the culture of a population or group
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assimilate
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a self-appointed enforcer of the law
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vigilante
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legislation that gave black citizens the right to ride trains and use other public facilities
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Civil Rights Act of 1875
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Harvard graduate who criticized Booker T. Washington's ideas
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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Democratic presidential candidate who supported "free silver"
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William Jennings Bryan
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Republican winner of the 1896 presidential election
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William McKinley
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legislation meant to segregate blacks and whites
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Jim Crow laws
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founder of an organization that taught farmers new farming techniques
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Oliver H. Kelley
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socially conscious writers who dramatized the need for reform
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muckrakers
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a community center that provided social services to the urban poor
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settlement house
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an activist who opened the country's first birth-control clinic
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Margaret Sanger
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Theodore Roosevelt's plan for fair government
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Square Deal
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President who attacked the "triple wall of privilege"
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Woodrow Wilson
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governor of the Philippines who later became President of the United States
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William Howard Taft
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President Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy
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"big stick" diplomacy
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President Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy
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"moral" diplomacy
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a policy in which strong nations control weaker coountries or territories
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imperialism
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owner of the New York Journal
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William Randolph Hearst
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payment for war damages
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reparations
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British passenger ship
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Lusitania
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head of the War Industries Board
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Bernard Baruch
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commander of American forces in Europe during World War I
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John J. Pershing
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authorized a military draft
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Selective Service Act
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set the theories of Charles Darwin against fundamentalism
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Scopes Trial
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1920s cultural outpouring associated with African Americans
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Harlem Renaissance
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targeted blacks, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants
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Ku Klux Klan
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a period during which the value of stocks increases
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bull market
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World War I veterans who marched to demand payment of money promised by Congress
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Bonus Army
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risky stock purchases made by investors with the hope of high returns
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speculation
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the periodic expansion and contradiction of the economy
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business cycle
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agricultural workers who work on land owned by someone else
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tenant farmers
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the theory that money invested in banks and businesses will work its way through the system to laborers
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trickle-down economies
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putting money in consumers' hands to stimulate the economy
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pump priming
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formed when the government assumes responsibility for providing citizens' needs
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welfare state
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name for FDR's attempt to change the Supreme Court
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court packing
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allowed union members to negotiate about hours and wages
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collective bargaining
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Steel changed people’s lives by making possible the construction of what?
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skyscrapers
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What field did not experience significant technological innovation in the late 1800s? building, materials, communications, transportation, shipping
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shipping
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In what type of integration does one company control the businesses that make up all phases of a product’s development?
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vertical integration
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The federal government formed the Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee what?
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railroad operations across the nation
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Why did most immigrants live in cities?
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to be close to industrial jobs
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Rural-to-urban migration was primarily motivated by what?
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steady employment
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What provided Americanization programs for new immigrants?
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settlement houses
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How did Ellis Island differ from Angel Island (think time/stay)?
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Immigrants left Ellis Island within hours, and often remained at Angel Island for weeks
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What geographical feature were most Midwestern cities established near?
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water
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Zoning laws were designed primarily to separate what?
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separate functions within a city
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What were some of the dangers of living in a tenement?
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tenements had few windows and poor sanitation conditions
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During Reconstruction, southern agriculture focused on what crops?
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cotton & tobacco
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What were some of the way that southern blacks lost their rights in the years after the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments?
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some white southerners used state legislation, segregation, and violence to limit the freedoms of blacks
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The open-range system of raising livestock was originally developed by who?
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Mexican vaqueros
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Homesteaders on the plains usually built homes of what material?
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sod
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What were Native Americans forced to do at the end of the Indian Wars?
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they were forced to move west or north or forced to live on reservations
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What was the major benefit that railroads provided to western cattle ranchers?
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it provided a way to transport meat to eastern markets
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What was life typically like for western homesteaders in the late 1800s?
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difficult and lonely
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The assimilation of Native Americans was a goal of what act?
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the Battle of Little Big Horn
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What African American called for other African Americans to “pull themselves up from their own bootstraps”?
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Booker T. Washington
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What did whites on the West Coast accuse the Chinese of doing?
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taking "white" jobs
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W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington disagreed over whether achieving equality was the responsibility of who?
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disagreed over whether achieving equality was the burden of the nation or of African Americans
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What was Susan B. Anthony arrested for in 1872?
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for voting in an election in New York
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To what group of people did Populism primarily appeal?
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farmers
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What was the major goal of the Americanization movement during the Progressive Era?
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to make immigrants more loyal and moral citizens
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In the late 1800s, the Republican party supported ________ tariffs and the _______ standard.
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high & gold
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What did the 19th Amendment do?
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women's suffrage
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What social problem did Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle describe?
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the living and working conditions in Chicago's stockyards
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Theodore Roosevelt supported powerful corporations that did _____________ fairly.
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business
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What political party did Woodrow Wilson represent in the 1912 election?
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Democratic
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Why did the United States banking system need to be reformed in the early 1900s?
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the nation had no central authority to supervise banks
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What happened within a year of United States Navy Commodore Matthew Perry’s arrival in Tokyo Bay in 1853?
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Perry negotiated a treaty that opened trade to the United States
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Who were the “Rough Riders”?
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a volunteer cavalry unit in the Spanish-American war
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What did the Platt Amendment do?
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gave the United States the right to preserve order as needed in Cuba
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What did Congress approve regarding Hawaii in 1853?
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annexation
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What is Social Darwinism?
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the theory that life consists of competitive struggles in which only the strong survive
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The 1898 Treaty of Paris dealt with which territories?
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Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and other former Spanish territories
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What was the Teller Amendment and what did it address?
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the United States could not annex Cuba
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What presidential candidate ran on an anti-imperialist platform?
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William Jennings Bryan
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Who was responsible for the agricultural policies of the United States during World War I?
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Herbert Hoover
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The League of Nations can best be described as what?
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mutual defense agreement
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Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were what?
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anarchists
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What major event shocked the American people and led Wilson to no longer call for peace?
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Zimmerman Note exposed
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About how many American troops served in combat during World War I?
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1,300,000
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What did President Wilson mean by the phrase “peace without victory”?
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that the terms of peace should not punish the defeated nations
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Because the U.S. Senate refused to approve the Treaty of Versailles the League of Nations was what?
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the League of Nations was ineffeective
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What did Wilson hope to accomplish with the League of Nations?
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He hoped to create a world organization where countries could gather and resolve their quarrels peacefully
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What international event led to the Red Scare?
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a revolution in Russia
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The postwar period was difficult for farmers because of what?
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falling food prices
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People living in developing suburbs became more ____________ and more _____________ active.
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consevrative & politically
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How did Prohibition contribute to the growth of organized crime?
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by making it easier for bootleggers to branch into other types of illegal activities
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The Teapot Dome oil scandal involved which two people?
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Charles Forbes & Harry Dougherty
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What was the major result of Henry Ford’s innovative manufacturing techniques?
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the sale price of cars went down
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Buying stock on margin remained profitable as long as stock prices _______.
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rose
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President Harding and Coolidge favored policies that aided what?
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the growth of business
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President Harding reduced regulations on what?
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businesses put into place by the Progressives
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President Coolidge believed that the creation of wealth benefited who?
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the nation as a whole
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Why was formal education more important for urban Ameicans than rural Americans?
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most higher-paying jobs in the cities required a formal education
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Why were nativists opposed to immigration?
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they feared the loss of jobs and damage to America's traditions
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The American movie industry was controlled by a handful of huge studios in what city?
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Hollywood, California
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In 1920, America’s first radio station was an immediate ___________.
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success
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Why did so many African Americans migrate north throughout the 1920s?
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for a chance at a better future
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Why is Louis Armstrong considered a jazz legend?
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for his ability to play the trumpet and his subtle sense of improvisation
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. In the 1920s, not all __________ wanted to be _____________ , but many
wanted to challenge _______________, economic, social, and _______________ boundaries. (20s) |
women & flappers & political & educational
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During the 1920s, the United States economy moved through which phase of the business cycle?
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expansion
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The unemployment rate among African Americans was nearly ____________ the national rate.
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double
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Both African Americans and Mexican Americans had an especially difficult time during the Great Depression because they faced _____________________ when competing with white Americans for a limited number of jobs.
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discrimination
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What did Roosevelt and Congress pass the day after FDR’s inauguration?
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Emergency Banking Bill
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What were the goals of the New Deal?
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provide relief, recovery, and reform
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The American Liberty League (ALL) formed to oppose what?
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FDR's New Deal
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The Agricultural Adjustment Act helped farmers because it sought an end to what?
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sought to end overproduction and raise crop prices
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What did President Roosevelt introduce to help retirees?
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Social Security Act
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What was the chief complaint of Conservatives against the New Deal?
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it made the government too powerful
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How many terms did Roosevelt serve as President?
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4
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Who was the first female Cabinet member?
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Frances Perkins
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One way that Americans escaped their concerns during the 1930s was to go to what?
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the movies
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The New Deal Coalition was a strong political force that gave Democrats what?
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a majority in both houses of Congress for many years.
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Critics disapproved of the Tennessee Valley Authority because it gave government what?
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direct control of a business
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