Uses Of Cases In Latin

Front 1

(puer) scribit

Back 1

Nominative -- subject of a finite verb, "the boy is writing"

Front 2

(sapiens) res adversas non timet

Back 2

Nominative -- subject of a finite verb, "the wise man does not fear adversity"

Front 3

Cicero (orator) fuit

Back 3

Predicate nominative, "Cicero was an orator"

Front 4

usus (magister) est optimus

Back 4

Predicate nominative, "practice is the best teacher"

Front 5

domus (Ciceronis)

Back 5

Possessive genitive, "the house of Cicero"

Front 6

mater (regis)

Back 6

Possessive genitive, "the king's mother"

Front 7

vir (magnae auctoritatis)

Back 7

Genitive of description (quality), "a man of great influence"

Front 8

homo (nihili)

Back 8

Genitive of description (quality), "a fellow of no account"

Front 9

vir (virtutis divinae)

Back 9

Genitive of description (quality), "a man of god-like excellence"

Front 10

medimnus (tritici)

Back 10

Genitive of measure, "a medimnus of wheat"

Front 11

talentum (auri)

Back 11

Genitive of measure, "a talent of gold"

Front 12

acervus (frumenti)

Back 12

Genitive of measure, "a pile of grain"

Front 13

magna pars (hominum)

Back 13

Genitive of the whole (partitive genitive), "a great part of mankind"

Front 14

primus (omnium)

Back 14

Genitive of the whole (partitive genitive), "the first of all"

Front 15

maximus (vini) numerus fuit

Back 15

Genitive of the whole (partitive genitive), "there was a large amount of wine"

Front 16

satis (pecuniae)

Back 16

Genitive of the whole (partitive genitive), "enough money"

Front 17

tantum (cibi)

Back 17

Genitive of the whole (partitive genitive), "so much food"

Front 18

parum

Back 18

too little (also used with the partitive genitive)

Front 19

paulum

Back 19

little (also used with the partitive genitive)

Front 20

multum

Back 20

much (also used with the partitive genitive)

Front 21

cupidus (pecuniae)

Back 21

Genitive with adjectives, "desirous of money"

Front 22

plenus (rimarum)

Back 22

Genitive with adjectives, "full of chinks"

Front 23

compos (mentis)

Back 23

Genitive with adjectives, "in possession of one's mind"

Front 24

(multarum rerum) peritus

Back 24

Genitive with adjectives, "versed in many things"

Front 25

amor (Dei)

Back 25

Subjective genitive, "love of God" (the love which God feels -- God loves)

Front 26

timor / metus (canis)

Back 26

Subjective genitive, "the fear of the dog" also Objective genitive

Front 27

dicta (Platonis)

Back 27

Subjective genitive, "the utterances of Plato"

Front 28

amor (Dei)

Back 28

Objective genitive, "love of God (love toward God -- God is loved)

Front 29

amor (libertatis)

Back 29

Objective genitive, "love of liberty"

Front 30

Genitive of material is comparable to ...

Back 30

the genitive of measure

Front 31

accusatus est (proditionis)

Back 31

Genitive of the charge, "he was accused of treason"

Front 32

video non te absolutum esse (improbitatis)

Back 32

Genitive of the charge, "I don't see that you are acquitted of dishonor"

Front 33

compertus est (sacrilegii)

Back 33

Genitive of the charge, "he has been found guilty of sacrilege"

Front 34

mater (regis)

Back 34

Possessive genitive, "the king's mother"

Front 35

vir (magnae auctoritatis)

Back 35

Genitive of description (quality), "a man of great influence"

Front 36

homo (nihili)

Back 36

Genitive of description (quality), "a fellow of no account"

Front 37

vir (virtutis divinae)

Back 37

Genitive of description (quality), "a man of god-like excellence"

Front 38

medimnus (tritici)

Back 38

Genitive of measure, "a medimnus of wheat"

Front 39

nomen (regis)

Back 39

Appositional genitive, "the name of the king"

Front 40

poena (mortis)

Back 40

Appositional genitive, "the penalty of death"

Front 41

ars (scribendi)

Back 41

Appositional genitive, "the art of writing"

Front 42

hanc pecuniam (mihi) dat

Back 42

Dative, indirect object, "she is giving this money to me"

Front 43

haec (nobis) dixit

Back 43

Dative, indirect object, "he said these things to us"

Front 44

dare (dono)

Back 44

Dative of purpose, "to give as a gift"

Front 45

cui (bono)?

Back 45

Dative of purpose, "to whom is it of advantage?"

Front 46

deligere (castris) locum

Back 46

Dative of purpose, "to choose a place for a camp"

Front 47

mihi (auxilio) mittitur

Back 47

Dative of purpose, "he is sent to me for assistance"

Front 48

(mihi) est liber

Back 48

Dative of possession (occurs with the verb esse), "I have a book"

Front 49

controversia (mihi) fuit cum avunculo tuo

Back 49

Dative of possession (occurs with the verb esse), "I had a debate with your uncle"

Front 50

canis similis (lupo) est

Back 50

Dative with adjectives, "the dog is similar to the wolf"

Front 51

locus idoneus (castris)

Back 51

Dative with adjectives, "a place suitable for a camp"

Front 52

utile est (rei publicae)

Back 52

Dative with adjectives, "it is useful to the state"

Front 53

(mihi) inimicus

Back 53

Dative with adjectives, "hostile to me"

Front 54

(mihi) res tota provisa est

Back 54

Dative of agent (used with passive verbs, chiefly perfect passive and gerund/gerundive), "I have had the whole matter provided for."

Front 55

diligentia colenda est (nobis)

Back 55

Dative of agent (used with passive verbs, chiefly perfect passive and gerund/gerundive), "we must cultivate carefulness"

Front 56

ut (mihi) deformis, sic (tibi) magnificus

Back 56

Dative of reference (the person in whose eyes the statement of the predicate holds good -- to whom a statement refers, of whom it is true, or to whom it is of interest), "to me a monster, to yourself a magnificent man"

Front 57

Quintia formosa est (multis)

Back 57

Dative of reference (the person in whose eyes the statement of the predicate holds good -- to whom a statement refers, of whom it is true, or to whom it is of interest), "Quintia is a beauty in the eyes of many"

Front 58

ecce (tibi) Sebosus

Back 58

Ethical dative (variety of dative of reference), "here's your Sebosus"

Front 59

quid (mihi) Celsus agit?

Back 59

Ethical dative, "what is my Celsus doing"? The Dative of the Personal Pronouns is used to show a certain interest felt by the person indicated [Compare ``I'll rhyme you so eight years together,'' - As You Like It, iii. 2.]
This construction is called the Ethical Dative. [Datívus éthicus.] It is really a faded variety of the Dative of Reference.


quod mihi Celsus agit (Hor. Ep. i. 3. 15), pray what is Celsus doing?

suó sibi servit patrí (Plaut. Capt. 5), he serves his own father.

at tibi repente venit mihi Canínius (Fam. ix. 2), but, look you, of a sudden comes to be Caninius.

hem tibi telentem argentí (Pl. Trunc. 60), hark ye, a talent of silver.

quit tibi vís, what would you have (what do you wish for yourself)?

Front 60

Deus (mundum) creavit

Back 60

Accusative, direct object, "God created the universe"

Front 61

(librum) scribo

Back 61

Accusative, direct object, "I am writing a book"

Front 62

mens regit (corpus)

Back 62

Accusative, direct object, "mind governs body"

Front 63

video (hominem) abire

Back 63

Accusative, subject of infinitive "I see that the man is leaving"

Front 64

scio (te) haec egisse

Back 64

Accusative, subject of infinitive, "I know that you did this"

Front 65

(milia) *passuum* viginiti redibat

Back 65

Accusative of extent of space, "he was returning (a distance of) 20 miles.

Front 66

decem (annos)

Back 66

Accusative of duration of time, "for 10 years"

Front 67

abhinc centum (annos)

Back 67

Accusative of duration of time, "100 years ago"

Front 68

ad (senatum) venit

Back 68

Accusative of place to which, "he came to the senate"

Front 69

in (cavernas)

Back 69

Accusative of place to which, "into the caves"

Front 70

(Romam) veni

Back 70

Accusative of place to which , "I came to Rome"

Front 71

tremuit (artūs)

Back 71

Accusative of respect (synecdochical or Greek accusative), "he trembles as to his limbs, i.e. his limbs tremble"

Front 72

nuda (genū)

Back 72

Accusative of respect (synecdochical or Greek accusative), "bare as to the knee, i.e. with knee bare

Front 73

(manus) revinctus

Back 73

Accusative of respect (synecdochical or Greek accusative), "tied as to the hands, i.e. with hands tied"

Front 74

percussa novā (mentem) formidine est

Back 74

Accusative of respect (synecdochical or Greek accusative), "her mind is stricken with a new dread"

Front 75

(me miserum)

Back 75

Accusative in exclamations, "ah, wretched me!"

Front 76

O (fallacem spem)

Back 76

Accusative in exclamations, "oh deceptive hope!"

Front 77

(curis) liberatus

Back 77

Ablative of separation, "freed from cares"

Front 78

Caesar hostes (armis) exuit

Back 78

Ablative of separation, "Caesar stripped the enemy of their arms"

Front 79

ex Africā

Back 79

Ablative of separation, "out of Africa"

Front 80

ab (Italiā) profectus est

Back 80

Ablative of separation, "he set out from Italy"

Front 81

histrio in (scaenā) est

Back 81

Ablative of place where (local ablative), "the actor is on the stage"

Front 82

in (libris)

Back 82

Ablative of place where (local ablative), "in books"

Front 83

in (columnā aereā)

Back 83

Ablative of place where (local ablative), "on a brazen column"

Front 84

(libro tertio)

Back 84

Ablative of place where (local ablative), "in the third book (without in)

Front 85

(versu decimo)

Back 85

Ablative of place where (local ablative), "in the tenth verse"

Front 86

(Athenis)

Back 86

Ablative of place where (local ablative), "at Athens"

Front 87

in (bello), in (pace)

Back 87

Ablative of time when or within which, "in war, in peace"

Front 88

(quartā horā) mortuus est

Back 88

Ablative of time when or within which, "he died at the fourth hour"

Front 89

(secundo bello Punico)

Back 89

Ablative of time when or within which, "in the second Punic War"

Front 90

in (illo tempore)

Back 90

Ablative of time when or within which, "at that time"

Front 91

ter in (anno)

Back 91

Ablative of time when or within which, "three times in the course of the year"

Front 92

triginta (annis)

Back 92

Ablative of time when or within which, "within thirty years"

Front 93

(Jove) natus

Back 93

Ablative of source (origin), "son of Jupiter (i.e. born from Jupiter"

Front 94

(summo loco) natus

Back 94

Ablative of source (origin), "high-born (i.e. born from a very high place"

Front 95

ex (me) natus

Back 95

Ablative of source (origin), "sprung from me"

Front 96

ab (Ulixe) ortus

Back 96

Ablative of source (origin), "descended from Ulysses"

Front 97

(nobili genere) ortus

Back 97

Ablative of source (origin), "born of a noble family"

Front 98

Alexander (sagittā) vulneratus est

Back 98

Ablative of means, "Alexander was wounded by an arrow"

Front 99

(pedibus) ire

Back 99

Ablative of means, "to go on foot"

Front 100

(currū) vehi

Back 100

Ablative of means, "to ride in a chariot"

Front 101

Xerxes certior factus est (nuntio)

Back 101

Ablative of means, "Xerxes was made more certain by a message"

Front 102

Xerxes certior factus est a (nuntio)

Back 102

Ablative of agent, "Xerxes was made more certain by a messenger"

Front 103

a (Caesare) accusatus est

Back 103

Ablative of agent, "he was arraigned by Caesar"

Front 104

a (canibus) laniatus est

Back 104

Ablative of agent, "he was torn to pieces by dogs"

Front 105

(magnā gravitate) loquitur

Back 105

Ablative of manner, "he speaks with great dignity"

Front 106

cum (gravitate) loquitur

Back 106

Ablative of manner, "he speaks with dignity"

Front 107

(celeritate mirabili)

Back 107

Ablative of manner, "with wonderful swiftness"

Front 108

(bonis auspiciis)

Back 108

Ablative of attendant circumstances, "under good auspices"

Front 109

(longo intervallo) sequitur

Back 109

Ablative of attendant circumstances, "he follows at a great distance"

Front 110

exstinguitur (ingenti luctu) provinciae

Back 110

Ablative of attendant circumstances, "he dies under circumstances of great grief on the part of the province"

Front 111

(fortunā) amici gaudeo

Back 111

Ablative of cause, "I rejoice at the fortune of my friend"

Front 112

fecit multa gloriae (cupiditate)

Back 112

Ablative of cause, "he did many things on account of his love of glory"

Front 113

(victoriā suā) gloriantur

Back 113

Ablative of cause, "they exult over their victory"

Front 114

impulsus (amore) (irā, odio, metu)

Back 114

Ablative of cause, "driven on by love (anger, hate, fear)"

Front 115

cum (amico) (comitibus) profectus est

Back 115

Ablative of accompaniment, "he set out with his friend (attendants)"

Front 116

(fortunā) amici gaudeo

Back 116

Ablative of cause, "I rejoice at the fortune of my friend"

Front 117

fecit multa gloriae (cupiditate)

Back 117

Ablative of cause, "he did many things on account of his love of glory"

Front 118

(victoriā suā) gloriantur

Back 118

Ablative of cause, "they exult over their victory"

Front 119

impulsus (amore) (irā, odio, metu)

Back 119

Ablative of cause, "driven on by love (anger, hate, fear)"

Front 120

cum (amico) (comitibus) profectus est

Back 120

Ablative of accompaniment, "he set out with his friend (attendants)"

Front 121

puella (eximiā formā)

Back 121

Ablative of description (quality), "a girl of exceptional beauty"

Front 122

vir (singulari industriā)

Back 122

Ablative of description (quality), "a man of singular industry"

Front 123

est (magnā prudentiā)

Back 123

Ablative of description (quality), "he is (a man) of great wisdom"

Front 124

(bono animo) sunt

Back 124

Ablative of description (quality), "they are of good courage"

Front 125

emit servum (quinque minis)

Back 125

Ablative of price (with verbs of buying and selling), "he bought the slave for five minae"

Front 126

emit servum (viginti talentis)

Back 126

Ablative of price (with verbs of buying and selling),"he bought the slave for twenty talents"

Front 127

vendidit aedes (magno)

Back 127

Ablative of price (with verbs of buying and selling),"he sold the house for a high price (pretio understood)"

Front 128

(parvo (pretio))

Back 128

Ablative of price (with verbs of buying and selling),"for a small price"

Front 129

(pede) claudus

Back 129

Ablative of specification (respect), "lame in foot"

Front 130

major (natu)

Back 130

Ablative of specification (respect), "older (i.e. greater as to age)

Front 131

minor (natu)

Back 131

Ablative of specification (respect), "younger"

Front 132

(ingenio) maximus

Back 132

Ablative of specification (respect), "great(est) in genius"

Front 133

(crine) ruber

Back 133

Ablative of specification (respect), "red-haired"

Front 134

captus (mente)

Back 134

Ablative of specification (respect), "insane"

Front 135

procax (ore)

Back 135

Ablative of specification (respect), "saucy of tongue"

Front 136

(urbe captā) Aeneas fugit

Back 136

Ablative absolute, "when the city had been captured, Aeneas fled"

Front 137

(vivo Caesare) res publica salva erat

Back 137

Ablative absolute, "while Caesar was alive, the state was safe"

Front 138

omnes virtutes jacent, (voluptate dominante)

Back 138

Ablative absolute, "all virtues lie prostrate if pleasure is master"

Front 139

(melle) dulcior

Back 139

Ablative of comparison, "sweeter than honey"

Front 140

patria mihi (vitā) carior est

Back 140

Ablative of comparison, "my country is dearer to me than life"

Front 141

(dimidio) minor

Back 141

Ablative of degree of difference (used with comparatives), "smaller by a half"

Front 142

(tribus pedibus) altior

Back 142

Ablative of degree of difference (used with comparatives), "three feet higher"

Front 143

(paulo) post

Back 143

Ablative of degree of difference (used with comparatives), "a little afterwards"

Front 144

(paucis diebus) ante

Back 144

Ablative of degree of difference (used with comparatives), "a few days before"

Front 145

(multo) graviora tulisti

Back 145

Ablative of degree of difference (used with comparatives), "you have borne much more grievous burdens"

Front 146

Cui bono?

Back 146

"to whose advantage" double dative construction. Combination of the dative of reference and the dative of purpose.

Front 147

suis saluti fuit.

Back 147

"he was a salvation to his men" double dative construction. Combination of the dative of reference and the dative of purpose.