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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many carbons does Benzene have?
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6
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What are the characteristics of Calcite?
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hardness=3
acid test = fizzes good reservoir rock |
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What rocks are made of Calcite?
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Limestone and Marble
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Name 3 metamorphic rocks?
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a
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Minimum temperature for the formation of oil?
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150 F (65 C)
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Maximum temperature for oil formation?
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300 F (150 C)
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Path of least resistance
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The path of least resistance describes the physical or metaphorical pathway that provides the least resistance to forward motion by a given object or entity
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Porosity
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a measure of the void spaces in a material
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primary porosity
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The main or original porosity system in a rock or unconfined alluvial deposit
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secondary porosity
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A subsequent or separate porosity system in a rock, often enhancing overall porosity of a rock
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effective porosity
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Refers to the fraction of the total volume in which fluid flow is effectively taking place and includes Caternary and dead-end (as these pores cannot be flushed, but they can cause fluid movement by release of pressure like gas expansion[2]) pores and excludes closed pores (or non-connected cavities)
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pore throat
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the small pore space at the point where two grains meet, which connects two larger pore volumes
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permeability
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is a measure of the ability of a rock to allow fluids to pass through it.
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What is petroleum?
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rock oil
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What is the composition of petroleum?
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Carbon 84%-87%
Hydrogen 11%-14% Sulfur less than 2% Nitrogen less than 2% Oxygen less than 2% |
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Oil migration
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The movement of oil from the area in which it was formed to a reservoir rock where it can accumulate.
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Cap Rock
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a harder or more resistant rock type overlying a weaker or less resistant rock type
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Benzene
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C6H6
Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. Benzene is a natural constituent of crude oil, and is one of the most basic petrochemicals. Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon and the second [n]-annulene ([6]-annulene), a cyclic hydrocarbon with a continuous pi bond. It is also related to the functional group of aromatic hydrocarbons (arene) which is a generalized structure of benzene. |
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Asphaltic molecule
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has 40 to 60 carbon atom. Brown to black in color and is a solid to semi-solid under surface conditions.
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Asphalt-based crude
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contains little or no paraffin and is usually black. Once refined it yields a high percentage of high-grade gasoline.
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Paraffin-based crude
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Contains little or no asphalt and is usually green. Refining yields paraffin wax, high-quality lubricating oil and kerosene.
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API gravity
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Crude oil is compared and described by density. oAPI =((141.5/specific gravity at 60o F)-131.5) The oAPI varies from 5 to 55.
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Light oil
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35-55 API. Very fluid, often transparent and rich in gasoline.
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Heavy oil
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below 25 API. Very viscous, dark colored and contain considerable asphalt.
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Sweet oil
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less than 1% sulfur by weight
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Sour oil
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more than 1% sulfur by weight
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Low sulfur crude
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0- 0.6% sulfur
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Intermediate sulfur crude
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0.6 – 1.7% sulfur
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High sulfur crude
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above 1.7% sulfur
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How many gallons is a barrel of oil?
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42 US gallons or 34.97 Imperial gallons
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how many barrels is a Metric ton of oil?
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7.19 barrels for 30 API oil
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how many barrels of oil is in one cubic meter?
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6.29 barrels of oil
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What is Hydrogen sulfide gas?
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H2S very poisonous gas
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What is Solution gas/oil ratio?
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cubic feet of natural gas dissolved in one barrel of oil in that reservoir under subsurface conditions.
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