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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What do the letters PRC in China's official name stand for?
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People's Republic of China
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When was the PRC founded?
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1949
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Which Chinese leader led the "idealist/utopian approach" to policy?
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Mao Zedong
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The "Two Line Struggle" was between the opposing ideologies of which two leaders?
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Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi
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Which Chinese leader led the "pragmatic" approach to policy?
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Liu Shaoqi
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What 1957-1958 movement was a turning point in PRC history?
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Great Leap Forward
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Which 1950's campaign encouraged the Chinese to criticize the CCP?
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Hundred Flowers
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Who was the paramount leader of the early PRC?
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Mao Zedong
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Which dynasty ruled China from 1644 to 1911?
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Qing
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What does the abbreviation for the Taiwanese ROC stand for?
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Republic of China
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Which French philosopher viewed China as static and unchanging?
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Voltaire
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Which dynasty did the "First Emperor" of China found?
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Qin
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Which area of China is considered to be its heartland?
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Yellow River Basin
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Kublai Khan and Ghengis Khan were invaders from which frontier region of China?
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Mongolia
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The name of which city literally means "Northern Capital"?
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Beijing
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Which late 1950's natural disaster led to economic loss and severe human costs?
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famine
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Who was the dominant leader in early PRC history?
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Mao Zedong
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Whose death in 1976 marked the end on an era in PRC History?
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Mao Zedong
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Which Chinese leader was thought to have improved on the works of Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Stalin?
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Mao Zedong
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What was Mao's nickname during the 1970's?
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The Great Helmsman
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Whose image became prominent in badges, stamps, and posters of the 1970's?
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Mao Zedong
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"Radical transformation" was synonymous with which approach to reform in China?
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utopian
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The "gradualist tack" was synonymous with which appraoch to reform in China?
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pragmatic
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Who was the foremost spokesman for the "scientific" strategy of the Chinese Revolution in the 1960s and '70s?
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Mao Zedong
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Which PRC Chairman of the late 1950s and early 1960s was the foremost spokesman for the "gradualists"?
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Liu Shaoqi
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Which lavel did Mao Zedong use to criticize his enemies?
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rightist
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Which form of government forbids private ownership and works toward equality?
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communism
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Which type of government allows only a limited degree of private ownership and accepts slight variations in general economic equality?
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socialism
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Which 1956 revolt threatened the hold of communism in Europe and this in China?
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Hungarian Revolution
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What effect of the GLF resulted in the greatest loss of human life?
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famine
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The name of which city literally means "Southern Capital"?
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Nanjing
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Which dynasty did the invading Manchus oust in 1644?
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Ming
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Which term has come to mean "assimilated into the Chinese system of beliefs and practices"?
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Sinicized
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Central Asians participated in a 1820s-1830s rebellion to free which Chinese region?
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Xinjiang
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Whom did the Boxers call "secondary devils"?
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Chinese Christians
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Which city did foreign armies occupy and loot after the Boxer Rebellion?
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Beijing
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Which widespread custom affecting Chinese women did nineteenth-century reformers want to end?
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binding of women's feet
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Which ethnic group did Hong Xiuquan represent?
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Hakka
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Before becoming a leader of the Taiping Uprising, Hong worked as a __________.
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tutor
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Which rebel leader was inspired by his hallucinations that he struggled to interpret?
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Hong Xiuquan
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Hong Xiuquan claimed to be the younger brother of ________.
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Jesus Christ
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Which school of thought focuses on the "need to minimize and eventually overcome class differences"?
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Marxism
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After the GLF, how did the Chinese communicate their economic goals and strategies?
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through Five Year Plans and mass campaigns
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What, according the utopian thinkers, would compensate economically for China's low level of development?
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its huge population
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During which era had the CCP honed its propaganda techiniques a\\\\used after the GLF?
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during the Republican Era
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What did the APC stand for in the 1950s?
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Agricultural Production Cooperative
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What was a primary goal of "agricultural collectivization"?
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increasing crop yields
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Which group was purged as a result of the Hundred Flowers Movement?
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members of the rightist intellectuals
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What was the "paper tiger" according to Mao Zedong?
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atom bomb
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Which technological accomplishment of 1957 increased the global prestige of the USSR?
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Sputnik
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Who was the most powerful Soviet leader for 1953-1964 during the Sputnik era?
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Nikita Khrushchev
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Which two harbors did China bomb in 1958 to test the intentions of the Soviet Union?
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Quemoy and Matsu
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In the context of the ongoing conflict between the USSR and the PRC, which Soviet leader voiced his support of the Chinese Communist claim to the Nationalist-controlled island in letter to President Eisenhower in 1959?
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Nikita Khrushchev
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Whom did Hong Xuiquan's hallucinations reveal the Manchus to be?
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devils in human form
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Whose nineteenth-century Chinese ideology embraced gender equality and abstinence from sex?
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Hong Xiuquan
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Whose nineteenth-century Chinese ideology embraced gender equality and abstinence from sex?
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Hong Xiuquan
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In the early 1850s, the Taipings took control of which river valley?
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Yangzi
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The Taiping Kingdom was about the size of which present-day European country?
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France
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The Qing used the regional armies led by ________ to bolster their response to the Taipings.
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Self-Strengtheners
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Which criteria for selecting officials did the Qing abolish after the Boxer Uprising?
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civil service examinations
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During most of the Warlord Era, who held the official presidency?
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Yuan Shikai
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What prevented the Chinese republic in the 1910s and 1920s from being a true "republic"?
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the lack of meaningful elections
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The Nationalist Party of Sun Zhongshan was a revamped version of which previous organization?
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Revolutionary Alliance
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What was one of the most important publications of the New Culture Movement?
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Xin Qingnian (New Youth)
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Proponents of the New Culture Movement supported a shift in which important Confucian value?
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veneration of elders
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The rumblings of the New Culture ideology were intensified because of the unfair treatment of China at the 1919 ___________.
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Paris Peace Conference
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What did the Chinese call the combined Nationalist and Communist force of 1924 - 1926?
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First United Front
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According to tradition, who wrote The Way and the Power Classic (Daodejing)?
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Laozi
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Zi Lu was a famous disciple of which religious philosopher?
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Confucius
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The idea of Confucian "jen" parallels which American adage?
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the Golden Rule
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Who was the first Sui dynasty emperor to use Buddhism to legitimize his right to rule?
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Wendi
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Which Tang dynasty emperor bestowed military authority on eunuchs, thus altering the power balance in the imperial Chinese court?
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Emperor Xianzong
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Which British monarch reigned during the height of the Opium War hostilities?
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Queen Victoria
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The Second Opium War pitted China against Britain and __________.
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France
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Which cousins led the expeditionary force during the first phase of the Opium War?
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Charles and George Elliott
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Where did Sun Zhongshan found his revolutionary organization in 1895?
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Honolulu, Hawaii
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What was the Chinese name for Sun Zhongshan's Revolutionary Alliance?
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Tongmeng hui
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Where in the United States did Sun Zhongshan conduct a lot of fundraising?
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Hawaii
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Which group emerged victorious from the Chinese Civil War in 1948?
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Communists
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What was the common nickname for the Chinese Communist People's Liberation Army?
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Red Army
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What is the capital of the PRC?
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Beijing
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In 1949, what percentage of China was rural?
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80 percent
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In the mid-twentieth century, which labels did the CCP use to describe rural landlords and village powerbrokers?
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evil gentry, local bullies
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In the mid-twentieth century which label did the CCP use to describe landless agricultural laborers who rented property or worked for hire?
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poor peasants
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Which term did the CCP use to describe agriculturalists who owned land and earned money from the work of hired laborers?
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rich peasants
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Which term did the CCP use to describe rural folks who owned land but also rented land to increase their holdings?
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middle peasants
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One of the major goals of CCP reform of the early 1950s was ________.
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land reform
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Which ideology valued the working classes and considered the bourgeoisie to be immoral exploiters?
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Marxism
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What color was used to describe Chinese who were supportive of CCP revolutionary goals?
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red
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What term did the CCP use to describe the process of "integrating a region into the PRC"?
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liberating
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The term "xiaoshu minzu" referred to __________.
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national minorities
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Which frontier zone has a name that literally means "New Dominion" or "New Frontier"?
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Xinjiang
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Which policy of Jin Shuren did the various ethnic groups of Xinjiang find particularly offensive?
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Sinicization
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Which Xinjiang tax did the CCP eliminate in the early 1950s?
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Islamic land tax that funded mosques
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In 1955, a CCP leader of which ethnic descent began to exert the most control of the Xinjiang Ulghur Autonomous Region?
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Han
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Leaders from which religious group ruled Tibet during the 1920s?
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Tibetan Buddhism
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What political label did the CCP give to Inner Mongolia when it took control of it in 1947?
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"autonomous region"
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Which country exerted the most control over Outer Mongolia in the early 1950s?
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Russia
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Which group of settlers did the CCP encourage to move to Outer Mongolia in the 1950s?
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Han settlers
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The term "entrepot," as used to describe Hong Kong, means
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a trading and shipping center
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When was Hong Kong finally integrated into the PRC?
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1997
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In 1949, 25 percent of the population of Taiwan was made up of people from __________.
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mainland China
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Which political party controlled Taiwan after 1949?
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GMD
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Against which power was the 1954 Taiwan-U.S. Mutual Defense Treaty primarily directed?
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CCP
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Trade in which commodity became an important source of economic growth for Macao?
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gold
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After the PRC takeover in 1949, what were the new group of migrants to Macao called?
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refugee entrepreneurs
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What CCP strategy publicized policies and facilitated compliance with party practice?
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mass campaigns
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What did the traditional Chinese often call their "legal wives of lesser status"?
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concubines
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What replaced pictures of lineage ancestors at PRC weddings?
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picture of Chairman Mao
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Which term describes the practice of requiring that husbands and wives reside and raise children in the village where the husbands were born?
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patrilocality
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Which label for underdeveloped nations in Africa and Latin America became popular in the 1950s?
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Third World Countries
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According to the UN Security Council, who was the aggressor nation in the Korean War?
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North Korea
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Under which auspices did the U.S. enter Korea in 1950?
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as part of a 15-nation United Nation multinational
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The Soviet ambassador to the UN did not veto the resolution to send UN troops to Korea because he was absent in protest of ___________.
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the Security Council's refusal to grant a place to the PRC
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China responded immediately to the landing of United Nations forces at __________.
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Inchon
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Which world leader died in 1953 in the midst of negotiations to end the Korean War?
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Stalin
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Where was the U.S. Seventh Fleet stationed during the Korean War?
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Taiwan Straits
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Which two Chinese parties competed for power after World War II?
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Nationalists and Communists
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At the beginning of the Chinese Civil War of the late 1940s, which faction seemed to hold a clear advantage?
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Nationalists
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Beginning in the late 1940s, what was the military arm of the Chinese Communists called?
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People's Liberation Army
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Which faction in the Chinese Civil War received the most support from the United States government?
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Nationalists
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What become the base of operations of Jiang Jieshi in the late 1940s?
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Taiwan
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Who became the Chinese premier and foreign minister in October 1949?
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Zhou Enlai
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