Us History: World War One

Front 1

Franz Ferdinand

Back 1

Archeduke and heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne who was assassinated in Sarajevo by a Serb patriot.

Front 2

Central Powers

Back 2

The military alliance that included Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria.

Front 3

Allied Powers

Back 3

The military alliance that included France, Britain, Russia, and later Japan and Italy. (Italy switched sides TO the Allies mid-war.)

Front 4

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Back 4

He was the embodiment of arrogant autocracy in the view of the American public. He was the ruler of Germany.

Front 5

Unterseeboot;
U-Boat;
Submarine

Back 5

Meaning "undersea boat" in German, they were submarines that were used for the first time in modern warfare.

Front 6

Lusitania

Back 6

This British passenger liner was torpedoed and sank off the coast of Iceland, costing 1,198 lives, 129 of which were Americans. Americans became infuriated against Germany.

Front 7

Arabic

Back 7

British ship sunk in the August of 1915 that compelled Berlin to agree not to sink unarmed and unresisting passenger ships W/Out warning.

Front 8

Sussex

Back 8

French passenger steamer sunk in 1916 by Germans, breaking their commitment after the Arabic affair. US demanded that Germany agree to sink any more ships without warning.

Front 9

"He Kept Us Out of War"

Back 9

Slogan that Wilson campaigned under in 1916 in his bid for re-election. It reflected the isolationist sentiments of Americans about the war in Europe.

Front 10

Charles Evans Hughes

Back 10

Republican opponent and former Supreme Court justice of Wilson in 1916 who was defeated narrowly.

Front 11

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Back 11

German policy that was announced Jan. 31, 1917, warning that they were then going to wage warfare on ALL ships, including American liners, in the war zone.

Front 12

Zimmermann Note

Back 12

This message by the German foreign secretary was sent to Mexico promising the US territories of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona in exchange for an alliance between the two nations.

Front 13

Fourteen Points

Back 13

In a speech given to Congress, President Wilson delivered this set of goals for after the war.
a) Abolish secret treaties.
b) Establish freedom of the seas.
c) Establish free trade.
d) Disarmament.
e) Readjust colonial claims to land.
f) Assist oppressed minority groups.
g) Establish the League of Nations.

Front 14

League of Nations

Back 14

An international organization that would've provided a system of collective security and guaranteed the political independence and territorial integrity of all nations. Wilson was a huge supporter of this.

Front 15

Committee on Public Information

Back 15

This government organization promoted patriotic propaganda in support of Wilson and the United States' entry into the war. Headed by journalist George Creel and organized with many "Four-Minute Men," who would give pro-war speeches, it ended up being oversuccessful and set expectations too high for Wilson to ever reach.

Front 16

Espionage Act of 1917

Back 16

Passed under Pres. Wilson, this act prohibited any interference with the operation or success of the armed forces. It prosecuted supporters of draft-dodging. Eugene V. Debs, a socialist, was convicted and sentenced to ten years in prison under this act in 1918.

Front 17

Schenck v. United States

Back 17

Schench was an anti-war communist who distributed letters to war draftees urging them to oppose the war. The Supreme Court affirmed the legality of the Espionage Act, reasoning that speech could be limited if it caused a "clear and present danger."

Front 18

Sedition Act of 1918

Back 18

This act prohibited criticisms of the government during times of war for it would cause a significan threat to morale.

Front 19

Industrial Workers of the World
"The Wobblies"
"I Won't Works"

Back 19

This anti-war union engineered industrial sabatoge through strikes and protests. Its leader, "Big Bill" Haywood was convicted under the Espionage Act.

Front 20

Alice Paul

Back 20

Quaker leader of the National Woman's Party who led hunger strikes and marches for female suffrage.

Front 21

National War Labor Board

Back 21

Chaired by frmr. President Taft, this government organization worked to end labor disputes that may have hurt the war effort. It successfully supported an 8-hour workday and higher wages, but NOT a government guarantee of the right to organize into unions.

Front 22

"Work or Fight" Rule

Back 22

The War Department threatened any unemployed male with being immediately drafted into the army under this policy.

Front 23

19th Amendment
(1920)

Back 23

This "vitally necessary war measure" granted women the right to vote (suffrage) under this amendment to the US Constitution.

Front 24

18th Amendment
(1919)

Back 24

Wheat, which is a key ingredient for beer, was needed to feed the country and the troops. This prohibited all alcoholic drinks in the United States by an amendment to the constitution.

Front 25

Food Administration

Back 25

Headed by future President, Herbert Hoover, this government organization avoided ration cards and promoted voluntary compliance to eating diets during the war. "meatless Tuesdays" and "wheatless Wednesdays" were promoted.

Front 26

Liberty Loan;
Victory Loan;
Liberty Bond

Back 26

This campaign by the Treasury Department netted about $21 billion, or ⅔ of the cost of the war.

Front 27

Doughboys

Back 27

Nickname for the soldiers sent to war, who were inadequately trained.

Front 28

Bolsheviks

Back 28

Russian communists who overthrew the Czar in 1917 and began to withdraw the country from what they considered was a "capitalist" war.

Front 29

Big Four

Back 29

At the Paris Conference they were the inner clique that ran the proceedings.
USA ⇿President Woodrow Wilson
Great Britain ⇿ Prime Minister David Lloyd George
France ⇿ Premier Georges Clemenceau
Italy ⇿ Premier Vittorio Orlando

Front 30

Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge

Back 30

He was the Republican Senator that took on Wilson's plan for the League of Nations and the Treaty of Versailles by attempting to sway public opinion and adding provisions that Wilson would stubbornly reject.

Front 31

Treaty of Versailles

Back 31

This pact was handed to the Germans in the June of 1919, forcing the country to take the blame for the war. It only carried four of Wilsons original points. It failed to be ratified the the US, as it had failed in the Senate thanks to Henry Cabot Lodge's reservations.

Front 32

Solemn Referendum

Back 32

The key issue during the Election of 1920 meant that a Democratic victory would be pro-League of Nations and a Republican victory would be its defeat. Republican presidential candidate Warren G. Harding of Ohio won.