U.s. History Vocab

Front 1

a system of farming in which a tenant farmer gives a share of the crop to the farm owner instead of paying rent

Back 1

sharecropping

Front 2

the period (1865-1877) during which the former confederate states were controlled by the federal government before being re-admitted into the Union

Back 2

reconstruction

Front 3

this ammendment ended savery in the U.S. (& was ratified right after the civil war)

Back 3

13th amendment

Front 4

this amendment outlined national citizenship, set boundries for representation, and limited Confederate power in office

Back 4

14th amendment

Front 5

laws passed in an effort to make african americans affect the same conditions under which they had labored in before the war (ie: Jim Crow Laws)

Back 5

black codes

Front 6

temporary rule imposed on a civilian population by military authorities

Back 6

martial law

Front 7

the procedure of charging an office-holding official with misconduct before a formal tribunal

Back 7

impeachment

Front 8

a Northener who went to the south after the civil war to seek for political or financial advantage

Back 8

carpetbagger

Front 9

a white republican southener who opposed secession and support Radical reconstruction

Back 9

scalawag

Front 10

a group of citizens that, without authority, takes on itself powers such as pursuing and punishing those suspected of committing crimes (ie: the KKK)

Back 10

vigilante

Front 11

crossing a continent

Back 11

transcontinental

Front 12

a town that comes into existence suddenly

Back 12

boom town

Front 13

yearly provision of food, clothing ,and other necessary items (this was given to the American indians by the government)

Back 13

annuity

Front 14

land that is set aside for american indians

Back 14

reservation

Front 15

to adopt a country's dominant culture

Back 15

assimilate

Front 16

land claimed by a settler under the Homestead act of 1862

Back 16

homestead

Front 17

a person who organizes and assumes the risk for a business venture

Back 17

entrepreneur

Front 18

a person who promotes human welfare through the funding of beneficial public insitutions (modern day ie: Paul Newman)

Back 18

philanthropist

Front 19

a social structure that is based on city life

Back 19

urban society

Front 20

a continuously moving belt that moves parts past workers who each have a specific task

Back 20

assembly line

Front 21

an orginization of owrkers formed to serve workers' interests and with respect to wages and working conditions

Back 21

labor union

Front 22

a payment made to a person in return for political or business favors

Back 22

kickbacks

Front 23

the practice of giving out governmentjobs in exchange for political support

Back 23

patronage

Front 24

a group of Republicans who sought to eliminate political corruption & business abuses during the Gilded Age

Back 24

mugwamps

Front 25

to control or manage business or other activities by established rules

Back 25

regulate

Front 26

a company that completely controls the market for a particular commodity or service

Back 26

monopoly

Front 27

the reduction/limitation or giving up of arms

Back 27

disarmament

Front 28

the Nazi ideologyl a white person of non-semetic descent, regarded as racially superior

Back 28

aryan

Front 29

a social and political ideology with the primary guiding principle that the state or nation is highest priorty, rather than personal/individual freedoms; Mussolini's regime

Back 29

facism

Front 30

the belief in a peaceful resoluton to conflicts, and refusal to participate in war

Back 30

pacifism

Front 31

"lightning war" of the axis powers, a swift military offensive (using 100% of ground and air forces at once)

Back 31

blitzkrieg

Front 32

money, clothing, weapons, and other supplies sent to G.B. & France at the beginning of WWII

Back 32

lend/lease act

Front 33

the alliance of Great Britain, the U.S., and Soviet Russia during WWII

Back 33

allied forces

Front 34

the alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during WWII

Back 34

axis powers

Front 35

June 6, 1944 - the day when the Allied forces landed on north France and "stormed the beaches of Normandy", to begin the liberation of occupied Europe

Back 35

D-Day

Front 36

the Allied forces leaders united: FDR, Churchill, and Stalin

Back 36

the big 3

Front 37

the gathering, in 1945, in Ukraine between Stalin, FDR, and Churchill; that determined the administration of Germany after WWII

Back 37

yalta conference

Front 38

the ideas that the U.S. came up with to defeat Japan
1) mainland invasion
2) negotiate unconditional surrender
3) drop and atomic bomb

Back 38

total defeat

Front 39

the secret research into the first atomic bomb, leading to the successful construction and dropping on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Back 39

manhattan project

Front 40

the nazi camps for exterminating prisoners; later lead to the camps where prisoners die sysematically within harsh (& extremely inhumane) conditions

Back 40

concentration/death camps

Front 41

Hitler's decision for the systematic killing/ mass murder of Jews during WWII

Back 41

the final solution

Front 42

the Nazi secret police (along with the SS) in charge of rounding up Jews & others who seemed "unfit" for the Nazi regime

Back 42

gestapo

Front 43

the systematic genocide of European Jews and others (1950's "coined" term)

Back 43

holocaust

Front 44

laws, set up by Hitler, stating that Jews were no longer German citizens, and not allwoed to mary any of the Aryan race

Back 44

nuremburg laws

Front 45

on the night of Nov. 19, 1938, the Nazi's in Germany and Austria, engaged on attacks on Jews and their property

Back 45

kristallnacht

Front 46

this "world court" set up to convict op Nazi officials and others involved after WWII; The Result - many Nazi's were sentenced to death (if they hadn't already killed themselves) or put in prison

Back 46

IMT (international military tribunal)