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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In what year did Columbus land in the New World?
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1492
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Explain the Columbian Exchange
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When things (goods) start moving from the New World to the Old World (Spain)
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Settlers and traders from which country settled the area that is now Canada and the Mississippi Valley?
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French
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What was the first permanent English settlement in the New World? In what year?
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Jamestown-1607
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What does it mean that Maryland and others were proprietary colonies?
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A colony created when the English monarch gave large amounts of land to certain people for a particular reason.
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What is a Joint-stock company?
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When people invest in sending other people to the New World to get a return in their investment.
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What was the significant crop in Virginia and Maryland?
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Tobacco
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What was the significant crop in the Caribbean Islands?
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Sugar
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Describe Quakers
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Members of the Society of Friends, arose in mid-17th century, and focused on “Inner Light” or the Holy Spirit within, important to founding of Pennsylvania.
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Describe Pilgrims
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Settlers of Plymouth colony saw themselves as spiritual wanderers.
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What was the name of the ship that took the Pilgrims to the New World?
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Mayflower
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Name the five major groups, not counting the Native Americans, that began to share North America.
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French, English, Spanish, Dutch-Netherlands, Africans
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Who was the founder of Rhode Island?
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Roger Williams
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What are slave codes?
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AKA black codes, series of laws passed mainly in the southern colonies in late 17th early 18th century denied slaves basic civil rights.
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What was peculiar about the English’s relationship with the Native Americans? And their efforts to gain Indians’ souls, land and riches?
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The English colonies competed with the Indians for land use, most of them came to farm and did not understand how the Indians used their land (in cycles to allow for re-fertilization) they also cut down forest where the Indians hunted, all in all it was just a mass of confusion.
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What do you know about slavery coming to the English colonies that will become the United States? When, where, why?
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It started in the 16th century, Africans would capture other Africans and sell them to the Europeans, it was started because the Europeans in the New World needed cheap labor.
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What was the middle passage?
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The voyage between West Africa and the New World slave colonies
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What word describes government intervention in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth?
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Mercantilism
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What do we call the major intellectual movement occurring in Western Europe in the late 17th and 18th centuries?
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The Age of Enlightenment
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What do we call the religious revival that occurred in the middle of the 18th century?
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The Great Awakening
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Describe the French and Indian War, what, when, why, outcome…
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This was a war between the French, their Indian allies, and the British colonies and army. Between 1754-1763. They wanted to claim all of the land east of the Mississippi and to get Canada. The French were defeated by the British in 1763 Britain became the first dominant world power from 1763-1948
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Who was the powerful preacher who significantly fanned the revival flames of the mid-18th century?
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George Whitfield
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What are the leading exports from each area of the British colonies?
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Cheasapeak- Tobacco, Lower South- Rice, Middle Colonies- Grain, New England- Fish, West Indies- Sugar
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What was the Proclamation Line of 1763?
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It was an imaginary line in the Appalachian mountains that settlers were not allowed to cross over to the West of, it was meant to keep the settlers on the East of the line and Indians on the West however some settlers were already there and people kept moving out there.
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What were the Quartering Acts?
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Americans must provide shelter, food, etc. for British soldiers, they cannot just come in and take over
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The Stamp act raised what constitutional issue?
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Taxation without representation
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What was the Boston Massacre?
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Took place on March 5, 1770 no one really knows how the first shots were fired, Paul Revere made the event seem larger than it actually was!
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What was the Boston Tea Party?
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Took place in December 1773 dumped £9000 (British pounds money) into the harbor
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What did leaders of the American colonies do in response to the Intolerable Acts?
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They formed the first continental congress….was like 12 different countries sending reps to form an alliance to take care of a mutual problem
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Who were the Tories?
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They were people who were in favor of parliament
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In what two towns did the first two battles of the American Revolution take place? State?
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Lexington and Concord both in Massachusetts 1775
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Who were the minutemen?
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Special companies’ militia formed in Massachusetts made up of volunteers, ready to fight at a minutes notice
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Who did John Adams recommend to be the Commander in Chief of the continental Army?
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George Washington
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What document published in January 1776 sold more than 100,000 copies and it arguably the most important pamphlet in American History? Who wrote it? Argument?
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“Common Sense” written by Thomas Paine, argued that it was time for independence, said “How can an island rule a whole continent?” said “TIS TIME TO PART”
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What is the social contract theory of government? Who was the late 17th century English philosopher who developed it?
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The belief that government is established by human beings to protect certain rights, life, liberty, and property. Developed by John Locke
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What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
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To announce and justify its decision to renounce the colonies’ allegiance to the British government.
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Where was the final battle of the Revolution? In what state?
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The last battle was fought in Yorktown, Virginia
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What are the three reasons for the Americans winning the Revolutionary war?
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The French join the war, George Washington’s leadership, and British over competence and poor strategy
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What happened at Valley Forge?
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George Washington’s troops were quartered there December 1777 – July 1778 while British occupied Philadelphia during Revolutionary War.
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Who signed the Declaration of Independence for Delaware?
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Caesar Rodney, Thomas McKean and George Read
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What did the Puritans intend to do in the New World?
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They hoped to escape from religious persecution.
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Articles of Confederation |
Provided for a weak national government |
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Weakness of the the Articles of Confederation |
Congress has no power to tax Provided for no common currency No executive or judicial branch |
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The Great Compromise |
The legislature would be two houses With the lower house being based on population and the upper house having equal representation |
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"Father of the Constitution" and author of the Virginia Plan |
James Madison |
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Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom Virginia Declaration of Rights |
Documents that influenced the Bill of Rights |
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Federalists |
Supported a strong central government Promote economic development |
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Anti-Federalists |
Feared a powerful central government |
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Marbury v. Madison |
establishes the doctrine of Judicial Review |
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McCulloch v. Maryland |
establishes the doctrine of implied powers |
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Gibbons v. Ogden |
the federal government is supreme over state governements |
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Democratic-Republicans |
supported by farmers, artisans, and frontier setters in the South Thomas Jefferson |
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Federalists |
supported by bankers and business interests in the Northeast Alexander Hamilton |
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"Manifest Destiny" |
belief that it was America's destiny to stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific |
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Louisiana Territory |
purchased from France in 1803 Doubled the size of the United States |
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Monroe Doctrine |
The U.S. will stay out of European affairs if Europe stays out of the Western Hemisphere |
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Eli Whitney |
Inventor of the Cotton Gin |
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Cotton Gin |
cleaned cotton encouraged the growth of slavery in the Deep South "Cotton Kingdom" |
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Battle at the Alamo |
a band of Texans fought to the last man standing against vastly superior Mexican forces |
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"Trail of Tears" |
Forced removal of the Cherokee Indians from their homeland to Oklahoma |
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"Age of the Common Man" |
the time period surrounding Andrew Jackson's presidency |
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Missouri Compromise |
drew a line through the Louisiana Purchase with slavery prohibited above the line and allowed below, except Missouri |
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Kansas-Nebraska Act |
Led to the birth of the Republican party |
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Nat Turner & Gabriel Prosser |
planned slave revolts in Virginia |
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William Lloyd Garrison |
publisher of The Liberator |
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Harriet Beecher Stowe |
author of Uncle Tom's Cabin |
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Uncle Tom's Cabin |
story about a runaway slave that fueled the abolitionist movement and enraged the South |
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Election of 1860 |
Abraham Lincoln is elected President |
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Fort Sumter |
Union controlled Fort off the coast of South Carolina First shot of the Civil War fired here |
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Emancipation Proclamation |
Issued by Abraham Lincoln Freed the slaves in the Confederacy Allowed for the enlistment of blacks in the Union army |
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Battle of Antietam |
single bloodiest day of the Civil War Lee's first invasion of the Union |
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Gettysburg |
Lee's second invasion of the Union Turning point of the Civil War |
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Appomattox |
Site of Lee's surrender to Grant |
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Abraham Lincoln |
President of the U.S. during the Civil War Wanted to preserve the Union |
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Jefferson Davis |
President of the Confederacy |
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Ulysses S. Grant |
Union military commander Later served as president of the United States |
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Robert E. Lee |
Confederate military commander Opposed secession but fought to defend his home of Virginia Served as President of Washington College after the Civil War |
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Frederick Douglass |
Former slave Abolitionist Urged Lincoln to recruit blacks for the Union army Served as Ambassador to Haiti after Civil War |
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13th Amendment |
Abolished slavery permanently |
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14th Amendment |
States were prohibited from denying equal rights under the law to any American (Established citizenship) |
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15th Amendment |
Voting rights were guaranteed regardless of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" |
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Economic Impact of the Civil War on South |
Devastated farms, railroads, factories destroyed Money worthless |
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Effect of Civil War on Women |
managed homes and families with scarce resources often faced poverty and hunger assumed new roles in agriculture, nursing, and war industries |
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Effect of Civil War on Common Soldiers |
experienced hand-to-hand combat some return home to destroyed homes and poverty some left with permanent disabilities |
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Impact on war on African Americans |
Emancipation Proclamation allows for enlistment of African American soldiers |
