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141 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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who won Presidency of 1808
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James Madison
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why was America facing war in 1808
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with English because of attacks on shipping
and British military support for Tecumseh as acts of aggression |
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the British believed what took precedence over American desires for neutrality
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the war for the survival of liberty waged against Napoleonic France
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whose elections strengthened the political demands for a war to conquer Canada
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election of the "War Hawks"
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who were known as the "War Hawks"
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Henry Clay of Kentucky
John Calhoun of South Carolina |
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why was the potential conquering of Canada important
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bargainning chip against teh English
or to annex for US territory |
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who invited Congressional Declaration of War on June 16, 1812
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Madison
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who voted against the War of 1812
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Federalist
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who embraced the War of 1812
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Republicans
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what did Madison count on to offset American military weakness
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geographic isolation of US
low strategic importance of North America |
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why was US ill prepared for War for invasion of Canada
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aging American commanders leading a regular army of some 7,500 soldiers supported by poorly trained militias
small naval fleet of 16 ships |
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what was a significant point of the disastrous American invasion of Canada - "Mr. Madison's War"
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the surrender of Detroit by Wm Hull without a fight
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what did Wm Hull do
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surrendered in Detroit without fight
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vast majority of British fleet remained devoted to what
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the blockade of Europe and protection of the English empire, the US possessed a numerically inferior naval force in North America
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even though British naval numerical superiority was presumed what did America have that created a surprised result
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American designs especially inf rigates
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what did the ship USS Constitution do
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defeated HMS Guerrie in August 1812
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who did the US employ against the English
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privateers
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who had ships known as Baltimore Clippers
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the hired privateers
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what did the ships British Clippers accomplish
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seizing or sinking over 500 British ships
capturing over $40 million in ship and cargo prizes |
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who was commander of American forces in NW
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Wm Henry Harrison
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what did Wm Henry Harrison emphasize
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need to defend Americans against Indian attacks
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what did Harrison initiate
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a ruthless campaign against Native American settlements then intended to recapture Detroit in 1813
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where did some of teh most deadly losses of teh war occur
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from battle initiated by Harrison
Battle of Frenchtown in January 1813 included the deaths of around 100 wounded American troops in River Raisin Massacre |
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what victory ended threat of an English invasion into Ohio, Pennsylvania, and/or Western New York
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victory at Battle of Lake Erie
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who was American commander in Battle of Lake Erie
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Harrison
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who died at Battle of Thames and why
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Tecumseh
refused to leave fight because he perceived anotehr British betrayal |
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what did Battle of Thames mean to Indians
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ended the hope of an Indian Confederation
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long rumored a Spanish spy and conspirator with Aaron Burr to steal Louisiana Territory
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James Wilkinson
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what did American and British actions during 1813 - 1814 include
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brutal atrocities including sacking of provincial capitakl of upepr Canada at York (present day Toronto) in April 1813
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who did American army begin transformation into a professional army with
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young capable commanders such as Winfield Scott
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who was abdicated in April 1814
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Napolean
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what was US forced to consider because of teh abdication of Napolean in April 1814
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terms of a negotiated defeat
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what did Britian send in April 1814
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additional 15,000 regular army soldiers to war in North America
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describe militia defending Virginia coast
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undisciplined and unprepared for battle with English regulars
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what did a small British Army do to Washington DC
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nearly burned down Presidential mansion
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what was Presidential mansion painted to hide burn marks
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white
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emerged as a heroine of conflict in saving several works of art while the President was unfairly portrayed as fleeing in terror
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Dolly Madison
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destruction of Washington highlighted what
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economic cost of the conflict
trade was strangled federal debt rose dramatically |
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what strangled the American trade
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English blockade
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why did English send and army into New York
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pressure for American acceptance of harsh peace terms
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were teh English successful in getting Americans to accept harsh peace terms
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no lost Battle of Plattsburgh in Sept 1814
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were teh British successful at Battle of Baltimore
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no
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what song came out of Battle of Baltimore
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Star Spangled Banner - Francis Scott Key
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opposition to War peaked when and where
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Hartford Convention of 1814-1815
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what did teh Hartford Convention of 1814 - 1815 propose
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Constitutional ammendments to limit power of soutehrn slave states
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which battles crushed any threat of secession and forced ENglish to accept more reasonable negotiation terms
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Plattsburgh and
Baltimore |
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how was British public feeling about the war
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growing tired of it
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when was Treaty of Ghent signed; where
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Dec 24, 1814 in Belgium
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resolved new central question of American-British borders
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Treaty of Ghent
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why didn't Treaty of Ghent prevent last major battle in New Orleans
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news faield to get there quickly enough
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last major battle site of the war
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New Orleans
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what happened to British at Battle of New orleans
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2,034 casualties including death of 3 Senior Generals
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who did Battle of New Orleans catapult tonational prominence
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Andrew Jackson
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what created impression of decisive American victory in War of 1812
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Battle of New Orleans
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what dominated teh American story of War of 1812
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Jackson's victory at Battle of New Orleans
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how did Canada view War of 1812
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as a Canadian victory against American aggression
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how did English view War of 1812
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they didn't care
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who were clear losers of War of 1812
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Indians
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what were negative Anerican consequences of War of 1812
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collapse of American banking system
bankrupted 100s of businesses sharply increased national debt |
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what did Madison adopt to deal with economic crisis
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2nd Bank of US
westward settlement National transcription Network |
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incorporated Federalist party ideas by Jeffersonian republicans
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National Transcription Network
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creation of a national market economy
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American system
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hero embraced by proponents of American system for forging early teh transportation routes across Appalachian MTNS that formed a model of westward expansion
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Daniel Boone
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who was elected President in 1816
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James Monroe
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James Monroe was known for what era
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"Era of Good Feelings"
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this era built upon Madison's economic reforms, increased military spending, bega relocation of Indians west of Mississippi River
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Era of Good Feelings
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what did Monroe's National Transportation Network include
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Cumberland Road Project
building of canals epitomized by Erie Canal |
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what was 1st steam powered riverboat in early 1800s
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Robert Fulton's - "Clermont"
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railroads facilitated what in 1828
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trade
reduced shipping costs |
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served as a magnet for immigration
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National Transportation Network
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what greatly influenced role of slavery westward
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cotton gin
National transportation Network |
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what happened to rapid rate of American development in 1819 and why
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crashing ahlt due to collapse of cotton prices in England cascaded through American banking system
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what did many states begin doing in 1819
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attacking Second Bank of US by imposing taxes on bank transactions
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who refused to pay teh states taxes on bank transactions
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James McCulluough
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what did Supreme Court in McCulluogh v Maryland in 1819
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upheld legality of Bank under Necessary and Proper Clause and ruled state taxes unconstitutional
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what terrified slaveholding states
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interpretation of federal power with few constitutional limits
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what was proposed as means to block possible abolition of slavery
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state nullification of federal laws
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what did northern states object to in 1819 in regards to slavery
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admission of Missouri as a slave state
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temporarily resolved teh issue of Missour and MO entered as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and all free states created above soutehrn border of MO would be free states
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Missouri Compromise of 1820
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How did Speaker of House Henry feel about Missouri Compromise?
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embraced it as best means to deal with issue of slavery
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how did Jefferson feel about Compromise of MO
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feared the division of country would lead to disunion and Civil War
and we did end up in a Civil War |
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Monroe administration grew increasingly concerned about the Spanish's ability to do what
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prevent Indian raids across FL border and offering sanctuary for escaped American slaves
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What did Andrew Jackson do as part of the First Seminole War (1814-1819)
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exceeded his orders and seized parts of Spanish Florida in 1818 as a measure to defend and expand slavery
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What happened in Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819
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US acquired Spanish FL and temporarily gave up any claim to TX from Louisiana purchase
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What did Monroe and Adams create in 1823 that set the basis of American foreign policy in Western hemisphere
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Monroe Doctrine
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what are the 4 components of Monroe Doctrine
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No further European colonization in Western Hemisphere
No European intervention in the Western Hemisphere No transfer of existing colonies among European powers US would remain neutral in European concerns |
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Did Monroe believe US had power to enforce Monroe Doctrine
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no - he believed the Royal Navy would functionally enforce the Monroe Doctrine in defending British interests
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in 1824, Jeffersonian Republicans split into what 2 political parties
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National Republicans
Democratic Republicans |
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who led National Republicans
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Adams
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who led Democratic Republicans
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Andrew Jackson
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Why did most of the political establishment view Jackson with suspicion
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feared he might emerge as an American Napolean
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who won the popularity vote of 1824
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Jackson
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did Jackson have enough electoral votes to win Presidency
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no
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who selected President from 1824
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House of Representatives because electoral vote was not won
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why is it said Henry Clay "played the kingmaker"
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he threw his support to Adams after no clear winner was determined for President in 1824
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Clay was named to what office
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Secretary of State - positioned as Adams heir apparent
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Jackson condemned Clay's being named to Secretary of State as
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"corrupt bargain"
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who became President of 1824
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Adams
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how did Jackson's allies in Congress respond to Adam's National Republican agenda
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blocked most of it
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who won the 1828 Presidential election
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Jackson
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what election is known as the first modern American political campaign
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Presidential election of 1828
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what did many National Republicans fear about Jackson's appeals to the common man
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would end with Jackson as king, with Jackson's agenda reinforcing fears of an imperial Presidency
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how did Jackson increase power of the Democrats through the use of the "spoils system"
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replaced nearlya 1,000 office holders, appointing friends and political allies through teh "spoils system"
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what almost consumed teh Jackson administrationa nd led to resignation of Jackson's cabinet
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scandalous marriage of Secretary of War John Eaton
Peggy Eaton affair led to resignation of cabinet |
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how did Jackson reverse National Republican Institutions and policies
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vetoing congressional legislation supporting manufacturing and commerce
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what Tariff did Jackson support
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Tariff of 1832
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what did the Tariff of 1832 represent
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compromise to reduce the rates of teh Tariff of 1828 known as teh Tariff of Abominations
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the Tariff of 1832 is known as
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Tariff of Abominations
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who was Jackson's vice-president
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John Calhoun
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what happened in Nullification of 1832
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South Carolina declared tariffs unconstitutional and threatened to secede from Union
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what was the Force Bill of 1833
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Jackson's response to South Carolina against the Nullification Crisis of 1832
Jackson threatened to send American Army into SC to collect tariffs and prevent secession from state |
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what was the 1830 Indian Removal Act
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Jackson committed to removing Native Americans from territory for white settlement responded with this act that
forced the relocation of Native Americans from areas east of Mississippi River |
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what did teh Supreme Court decision of 1830s say about relocation of Indians
how did Jackson respond |
rejected constitutionality of forced relocation of Cherokee Indians by Georgia provided for by federal treaty
Jackson simply ignored it |
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how was the Second Bank of the United States cebtral to National Republicanism
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regulating economy an dpromoting national investment
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who was Nicholas Biddle
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President of Second Bank of United States
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whos support did Nicholas Biddle gain in restructuring the bank 4 years earlier
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Senators Henry Clay and David Webster
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how did Jackson view the Second Bank
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a "monster" controlled by a small group of unelected wealthy easterners
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how did Jackson respond to the restructuring of Second Bank
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vetoed it
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what was the central campaign issue in Presidential election of 1832
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the Second Bank
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who won Presidential election of 1832
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Jackson crushed Clay
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how did Jackson dismantle the Bank
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withdrawing government deposits despite resignation of 2 Treaury Secretaries in protest
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when was teh first assasination attempt against a President
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1835 against Jackson
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why did Jackson not run for President in 1836
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attempted assasination of him in 1835
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who won Presidential election of 1836
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Martin Van Buren easily defeated William Henry Harrison
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how did the Second Party system begin
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with WHig party formed to oppose Jackson's Democrat party
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what did the panic of 1837 lead to
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establishment of an independent Treaury Department
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what was 1 purpose of an independent Treasury Department
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partially replaced Second Bank of US
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how was teh economy after election of 1836
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5 year long depression with historical unemployment and failure of 343 and 850 banks in ocuntry
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what did many Americans see as a choice in Manifest Destiny
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rural, agriculture America extending Westward and urban, industrial US
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who led opponents of westward expansion
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Henry Clay
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how did opponents of westward expansion view it
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a waste of resources diverted from industrialization
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who and how did Andrew Jackson appeal to for westward expansion
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Jeffersonian agrarian democracy saying it was inevitable and divinely ordained
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What became known as Manifest Destiny?
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Andrew Jackson appeal to expand west
saying it was inevitable and divinely ordained |
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what did westward migration serve to fuel or help grow
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American urbanization, manufacturing, and commerce
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how did America succeed in creating an interconnected national economy
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cotton produced by Southern slave system fueled with whale oil and kerosene from the industrial north
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who were the primary white migrats in the Great Plains 4 decades after Lewis and Clark expedition
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explorers
missionaries mountain men |
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most famous mountain man because he opened a trail to Oregon through California and pioneered opening to west to American settlement known as Oregon Trail
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Jedediah Smith
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what was the significance of Oregon Trail
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brought 1000s of pioneers
it was teh main route across central Plains and Rocky Mountains |
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how did others travel west
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the Santa Fe trail to Santa Fe, Mexico
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what is significanta bout Great Migration of 1843
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in 1839 American settlers looked to Oregon for settlement opportunities more and more and the Great Migration of 1843 marked the significant movement of setllers to west
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what ultimately fulfilled Manifest Destiny
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the flood of settlers to west
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