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142 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Mercantilism |
A policy that the British followed toward the colonies mother country buys cheap raw material and they sell the finish product (making twice as money) |
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Salutary Neglect |
The British pretty much left the Americans alone in their day-to-day lives,as long as raw materials kept being shipped to England and as long as Americans bought only British-made products -they couldn't do that in England |
You couldn't do that in England |
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Mayflower Compact |
Example of self government - the first step towards representative government |
First step towards representative government |
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Puritans |
They from the region of England , they settle in Massachusetts because they wanted their religion to be pure. -crops (in the south) Virginia |
Crops (in the south) Virginia |
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House of Burgesses |
The first elected legislature in the American colonies -life liberty and the Pursue of happiness |
Life, liberty, and Pursue of happiness |
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Plantation |
Large farms where slaves did most of the work |
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Natural rights |
The rights you are born with |
Protection from danger Loyalty to the government. |
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Unalienable rights |
You can't take them away |
People are in power |
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Social contract |
The government has to give the people something and the people has to give the government something. -government gives protection people are loyal to them |
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Consent of the governed |
The people give the government permission to be governed |
They the one that makes decision |
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Democracy |
Rule by the people |
James Maddison wrote most of the constitution |
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Republic |
Vote for representatives |
He was an enlightenment thinker |
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Thomas jefferson |
He wrote the Declaration of Independence |
Because they feared a government that was too strong |
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John Locke |
Is from England, he came up with the natural rights |
They rebelled against the government. |
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Articles of Confederation |
Weak government |
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Northwest Ordinance |
A law that defined the procedure for adding new states into the nation |
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Shays' rebellion |
People who were not getting paid for fighting in the revolutionary war |
Executive, legislative, judicial |
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Constitutional Convention |
A place where the American leaders wrote a new document to build a stronger government |
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Limited government |
The idea that the government should not have to much power |
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Separation of powers |
There are three branches |
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Checks and balance |
Each branch has the power, the limit the power of the others. |
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Great compromise |
The small and big states reached a compromise |
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Bicameral legislature |
A true house congress with a House of Representatives (proportionate representation) and senate (equal representation) |
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Equal representation |
A senate |
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Three-fifths compromise |
A compromise between northern states and southern states that 3/5 of slaves are counted toward representation. |
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Federalists & anti-federalists |
Federalists wanted a strong government. Anti-federalists wanted a weak government |
Anti-federalists demanded that a bill of rights be added to the constitution to protect people against government abuse |
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Federalists papers |
A paper written to support the constitution |
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Veto |
The president rejects a law that the congress passes |
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Amendment |
Are additions to the constitution |
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Elastic clause |
You allowed to change the constitution |
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Electoral college |
People representing the states of us, who formally casts votes for the election of the president and the Vice President |
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Bill of rights |
They protect your rights. |
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Foreign policy |
Relationships between America & other countries. |
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Isolationism |
Us stays neutral --> no allies, no wars. George Washingtons idea |
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Hamilton vs Jefferson |
Hamilton was federalist (loose interpretation of constitution) , started national bank and Jefferson was anti- federalists (struck interpretation of constitution) disagreed with national bank |
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Unwritten constitution |
Certain traditions that the government followed even thought they aren't in the constitution -president can only run 2terms -president cabinet |
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Judicial review |
Supreme Court can decide that laws are unconstitutional |
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Unconditional |
A law that disagrees with the constitution |
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John Marshall |
Chief Justice of Supreme Court. He gave more power to the government |
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Lobbying |
Their call interest groups that try to influence congress to pass laws in their favor |
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Marbury vs Madison |
Court case that created judicial review |
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Manifest destiny |
Believe that America should expand westward |
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Foreign policy |
Relationships between America & other countries. |
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Louisiana purchase |
Thomas Jefferson bought land west if Mississippi from France. - gave port New Orleans - gave control of Mississippi River |
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Erie Canal |
One of the Great Lakes (all the Great Lakes are connected.5) -connected Hudson River to Lake Erie -created more trade/growth |
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Isolationism |
Us stays neutral --> no allies, no wars. George Washingtons idea |
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Hamilton vs Jefferson |
Hamilton was federalist (loose interpretation of constitution) , started national bank and Jefferson was anti- federalists (struck interpretation of constitution) disagreed with national bank |
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Unwritten constitution |
Certain traditions that the government followed even thought they aren't in the constitution -president can only run 2terms -president cabinet |
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Judicial review |
Supreme Court can decide that laws are unconstitutional |
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Unconditional |
A law that disagrees with the constitution |
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John Marshall |
Chief Justice of Supreme Court. He gave more power to the government |
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Lobbying |
Their call interest groups that try to influence congress to pass laws in their favor |
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Marbury vs Madison |
Court case that created judicial review |
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Manifest destiny |
Believe that America should expand westward |
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Foreign policy |
Relationships between America & other countries. |
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Louisiana purchase |
Thomas Jefferson bought land west if Mississippi from France. - gave port New Orleans - gave control of Mississippi River |
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Erie Canal |
One of the Great Lakes (all the Great Lakes are connected.5) -connected Hudson River to Lake Erie -created more trade/growth |
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Andrew Jackson |
He remove Indians so white settlers could have land -got rid of the national bank |
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Indian removal act |
Law that removed native Americans from land & placed on reservations. -scotus (supreme court) said law unconstitutional, but Jackson didn't listen. |
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Isolationism |
Us stays neutral --> no allies, no wars. George Washingtons idea |
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Hamilton vs Jefferson |
Hamilton was federalist (loose interpretation of constitution) , started national bank and Jefferson was anti- federalists (struck interpretation of constitution) disagreed with national bank |
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Unwritten constitution |
Certain traditions that the government followed even thought they aren't in the constitution -president can only run 2terms -president cabinet |
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Judicial review |
Supreme Court can decide that laws are unconstitutional |
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Unconditional |
A law that disagrees with the constitution |
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John Marshall |
Chief Justice of Supreme Court. He gave more power to the government |
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Lobbying |
Their call interest groups that try to influence congress to pass laws in their favor |
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Marbury vs Madison |
Court case that created judicial review |
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Manifest destiny |
Believe that America should expand westward |
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Trail of tears |
Name of route Native American took from home to reservation |
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Reservation |
Land given to Native American tribes to live on. Separation from us government |
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Texas Annexation |
Texas broke away from Mexico because of slavery ; became a us state 2 years later. |
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James Polk |
He was a believer in manifest destiny and he started the Mexican-American war |
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Mexican-American war |
Fought over land; America won and hey gained land in Arizona New Mexico and California and Nevada |
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Mexican cession |
Mexico lost 1/3 of its land to America |
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Homestead act |
The federal government gave free land to settlers who moved west. |
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Transcontinental railroad |
Railroad that connected east coast & west coast |
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California gold rush |
Many people moved to California to try to find gold |
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Sectionalism |
Division between north &a south over slavery, fighting over whether new states would allow slavery |
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Abolition |
To get rid of slavery. Abolitionist-Frederick Douglass Sojournor truth Harriet Tubman -(white) William Lloyd garrison |
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Missouri compromise/compromise of 1850/Kansas - Nebraska act |
New states added to the USA, keep equal free states and slave states. -Missouri = slave Maine = free, line that divided free and slave -1850- California = free. Fugitive slave act= runaway slave were sent back - Kansas- Nebraska= popular sovereignty-> people vote if state should be free or a slave state |
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Fugitive slave act |
If a runaway slave reaches a free state, they can be capture & return to their owners |
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Dred Scott vs. Sanford case |
Slaves aren't citizens. Created tension between the north and the south. |
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Abraham Lincoln |
Main goal as president was to keep union together during civil war, ended habeas corpus - wrote emancipation proclamation to free slaves in the south. Wanted to forgive southern states after war. |
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Secession/ secede |
Means to leave/ separate. The south seceded from the north |
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Secession/ secede |
Means to leave/ separate. The south seceded from the north |
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Confederacy |
Name of the southerner states, when they seceded -they had their own president, flag, etc |
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Emancipation. |
Means freedom |
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Freedmen's bureau |
A government agency to help freed slaves after civil war -education, job, housing |
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Reconstruction. |
Time period of rebuilding after the civil war. - president Lincoln /Andrew Johnson (president after Lincoln was shot) he wanted forgiveness for the south. -congress (radical republicans) they wanted to punish the south & help free slaves |
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Sharecropping |
Black freedmen work on farms owned by white people. -black workers would get paid for the crops they grew. However they were constantly in debt to the land owner. |
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Civil war amendments |
13th: slave illegal 14th: all citizens are treated equally by the law 15th: black men have the right to vote (suffrage) |
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Equal protection. |
14th amendment. No law can treat differently types of people differently |
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Jim Crow laws |
Segregation laws in the south. |
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Segregation |
Separation. |
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Plessy vs ferguson |
Supreme Court said that the 14th amendment "equal protection" clause (supreme court) means "separate but equal " is legal. |
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Gilded age |
A thin layer of gold. A few people who were very rich many were very poor. |
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Laissez-faire capitalism |
"Let it be " - government is not involve in the economy, so business can do what they want. Words like unregulated (government has no rules) |
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Social Darwinism |
Applying "survival of the fittest" to society. -the result was that poor people are being blamed for being poor |
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Corporation |
Businesses that are treated like a person under the law many more during gilded age |
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Monopoly/ trust |
Business that has control over an entire industry. |
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Robber baron |
Business leader who often used unfair business practices, in order to make money. - Andrew Carnegie: he made his money from steel; end of life said rich people should donate lots of money. - john D. Rockefeller: made his money from money, donated money to charity |
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Robber baron |
Business leader who often used unfair business practices, in order to make money. - Andrew Carnegie: he made his money from steel; end of life said rich people should donate lots of money. - john D. Rockefeller: made his money from money, donated money to charity - J.P. Morgan: same thing. |
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Interstate commerce act |
A law that regulated the railroad companies Railroads over charge to send product on trains; and this law stoped that. To make it more fair and more competition. |
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Sherman antitrust act |
Regulated business and it try to prevent monopolies. It was enforced by president teddy Roosevelt |
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Mass production |
Making a lot of something. In a factory. Change from making products at home to buy cheap products made in factory. |
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Assembly line |
Put something together |
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Labor union |
Workers join together to ask for better work conditions. (Collective bargaining) |
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Strike |
When workers refuse to work to force company to listen to them. |
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Railroad strike of 1877/ haymarket riot/ homestead strike/ Pullman strike |
Major events in the labor movement. -8 hour work day -safe factories -living wage |
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Populists |
A group of people who were farmers who dislike the railroads because the railroads charge them so much money to send their crops. Dislike government for favoring monopolies. -populist party -> William Jennings Bryan (ran for president 3 times and lost all 3) |
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Urbanization |
The change from rural (farms) to urban (cities) -this was caused by industrialization -1920s, the was more people in cities than in farms |
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Old & new immigrants |
Old -> came from north and west Europe (England, Ireland) They were Protestant christians
New-> came from south and east Europe ( Italy, Greece, Poland) they were catholic or Jewish |
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Nativism |
Is the fear/ dislike of immigrants because they fear/think immigrants will change America for the worst. |
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Chinese exclusion act |
Is an example of nativism, it limited immigration from china. |
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Reforms/ reformers |
Reformers of the progressive era wanted the government to fix many of the problems caused by rapid industrialization and urbanization |
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Reforms/ reformers |
Reformers of the progressive era wanted the government to fix many of the problems caused by rapid industrialization and urbanization |
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Muckraker |
Journalists that wrote about the wrongs that is happening in society |
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Teddy Roosevelt |
Demands new consumer protection laws. - proclaim himself the "trust-busting" president - tell America that it's natural resources and forests must be protected |
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Trust-busting |
Jhgf |
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FDR |
Franklin Delano Roosevelt; president 1932-1945 expected 4x, get more federal government more power. |
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FDR |
Franklin Delano Roosevelt; president 1932-1945 expected 4x, get more federal government more power. |
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Relief programs |
I the new deal relief programs gave $ directly to people in need. -social security |
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FDR |
Franklin Delano Roosevelt; president 1932-1945 expected 4x, get more federal government more power. |
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Relief programs |
I the new deal relief programs gave $ directly to people in need. -social security |
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Bank form |
Bank went bankrupt during the Great Depression. FDR wanted to stop this from repeating, more regulations on banks. |
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FDIC |
Federal deposit insurance commission, gives people their money if their banks fails. |
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Social security |
A relief program that gave money to the elderly disabled. Anyone who can't work. |
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Court packing |
FDR wanted to add justices to the Supreme Court because scotus ruled against his new deal |
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Neutrality acts |
WWII began, USA was neutral. Because we didn't want another war |
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Lend-lease act |
USA sold weapons to Great Britain and delivered them. One step closer to joining WWII |
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Cash and carry |
USA sold weapons to Great Britain but Britain had to pick them up |
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Cash and carry |
USA sold weapons to Great Britain but Britain had to pick them up |
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Pearl Harbor |
Japan bombed our ships in dec 7 1941 Hawaii, we had oil embargo (we wouldn't sell them oil) effect USA joins WWII |
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Cash and carry |
USA sold weapons to Great Britain but Britain had to pick them up |
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Pearl Harbor |
Japan bombed our ships in dec 7 1941 Hawaii, we had oil embargo (we wouldn't sell them oil) effect USA joins WWII |
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Manhattan project |
Program in New Mexico where scientist created the atomic bomb |
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Rosie the riveter |
Symbol of women working during WWII, they took men's places in factories making weapons. |
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Internment camp |
Where Japanese American were kept during WWII, they were thought to be a treat - possible spies |
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Korematsu v United States |
Japanese American sued the government for putting him in internment call without a trial; scotus (Supreme Court) internment calls were constitutional; liberties can be restricted during war. |
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Rationing |
Limiting everyday materials to save for the war effort; "home front" -victory garden- making food to help the war effort |
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Atomic bomb |
Dropped by president Truman on Japanese cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki, casualties were 100,000s |
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Nuremberg trials |
Trials of nazis after WWII for war crimes, example of holding people accountable for human rights. |
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