Us History Test 2

Front 1

Mercantilism

Back 1

crown trying to control trade for gold, mother country controls trade

Front 2

Navigation Acts

Back 2

all trade had to go through England first-trying to prevent smuggling with the Dutch. New England ignored acts

Front 3

Dominion of New England

Back 3

1686
created by King James II

Front 4

Glorious Revolution

Back 4

-James II has a son-don't want a catholic
-Parliament rebels, asks Mary & William to assume throne
-bloodless revolution

Front 5

John Locke

Back 5

Life, Liberty and Property- gov. by consent of the people

Front 6

Salutary Neglect

Back 6

England did not enforce Navigation Acts
-Colonies allowed much economic freedom and self gov. they matured as semi-independent colonies

Front 7

French and Indian War

Back 7

1754-1763, Turning point
Washington starts World War(BR & FR, to see who is most powerful)
Britain will pay for war, british annoyed w/ colonials-poor fighters, will not provide unless paid(overcharging British food), continue smuggling with French in Caribbean

Front 8

Albany Plan of Union

Back 8

-Franklin's Plan
-suggested to unite colonies
-fails b/c colonies don't agree on anything

Front 9

Montreal

Back 9

General Wolfe, falls during the French and Indian War, Britsh fight-do the bleeding

Front 10

Treaty of Paris

Back 10

-French agree to give up all of New France
-Britain is now the strongest- all of america east of the mississippi river

Front 11

Pontiac's war

Back 11

Biological warfare- Indian lose

Front 12

Proclamation of 1763

Back 12

-Keeps peace on the frontier
-Prevents Americans from creatingan internal market

Front 13

King George III

Back 13

-End of salutary Neglect
-From the war debt he creates acts to pay if off

Front 14

The Writs of Assistance

Back 14

-Cracks down on smuggling
-Searches no longer require probable causes
-"parliament infringes upon rights of colonial englishmen"

Front 15

The Sugar Act

Back 15

Lowered taxes to prevent smuggling

Front 16

The Stamp Act

Back 16

-tax on documents and products within the colonies
-Unfair tax b/c they are not represented in Parliament

Front 17

Declaratory Act

Back 17

-Parliament has the right over colonies in all cases
-England has made power clear-save requtation
-conspiracy against am. liberties/rights

Front 18

Samuel Adams

Back 18

-channeling energy and anger
-sons of liberty
-soccer hooligans (wear scarfs, get drunk, & go beat up ppl)
-threaten tax collectors, protest violent & rowdy

Front 19

Townshend Duties

Back 19

1767
-import/export tax
-pay for governor's fees
-Samuel Adams: "circular letter"
-no taxation w/out representation
-fear that governors would no longer respond to colonial pressure
-parliament demands assemblies to reject circular letter (only feeds colonial paranoia)

Front 20

Boston Massacre

Back 20

May 5th 1770
-angry mob vs. British soldiers
-5 protestors are killed

Front 21

Tea Act

Back 21

-saved East Indian Company
-Abolished import duties on tea
-price well below smuggling price

Front 22

Boston Tea Party

Back 22

-Sam Adams rallies young men
-Destroys 45 tons of tea
-Paranoia of colonists that British are trying to enslave colonies

Front 23

Coercive/Intolerable Acts

Back 23

Boston port will be disclosed until tea is payed back

Front 24

Lexington & Concord

Back 24

Siege of Boston
minute men(militia) atrocities on both sides-informal war

Front 25

Bunker Hill

Back 25

really the battle of Breeds Hill, british win but Americans claim the victory b/c only 100 americans were killed but over the half the British were killed

Front 26

Thomas Paine

Back 26

"Common Sense"- Breaking emotional bonds with King

Front 27

Declaration of Independence

Back 27

Must Break ties w/England

Front 28

Tories

Back 28

Loyalists (conservatives) 20% of Population, NY Elites
-slang term for ppl loyal to the crown

Front 29

First president, gave up command of army, reluctantly accepted presidency, had no examples, refused to assume dictoral powers, set standard for two terms, deferred to Congress (reflection of people's will)

Back 29

George Washington

Front 30

Attrition

Back 30

-Exhaust enemy physically and mentally
-Avoid loosing

Front 31

Hessians

Back 31

British imported German troops to fight
-but they didn't do well b/c they had no motivation (it wasn't their war)

Front 32

Trenton

Back 32

Small battles Americans won to boost morale

Front 33

Saratoga

Back 33

-turning point
-france and foreign countries join the war-British now have to decide forces to worry about attacks from other sides

Front 34

Yorktown

Back 34

Nathanael Greene defeated Lord Charles Cornwallis at Yorktown VA oct. 1781 Greene's philosophy: "fight, lose, rise, fight again"

Front 35

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Back 35

-John Jay, John Adams, Ben Franklin
-Ignore French
-Independence
-Remove English troops
-all territory east of Mississippi (french upset)
-spain receives Florida
-British merchants able to collect outstanding debts
-loyalists to be treated fairly

Front 36

Second continental Congress

Back 36

1775-1781
-loose organization of states
-weak central gov't
-formed army under Washington
-declared Independence
-sought European allies

Front 37

Articles of confederation

Back 37

-1777
-basically informal military alliance
-states remained autonomous
-each state equally represented
-all nine states had to agree to pass legislation

Front 38

Powers of Congress under Articles

Back 38

-conduct foreign affairs
-could conduct war
-served as arbitrators between states
-regulate trade w/Native Americans

Front 39

Weaknesses of Articles

Back 39

-No power of taxation
-no power to regulate interstate & international trade
-no single currency
-after war, no national army (only had state militias)

Front 40

Shays' Rebellion

Back 40

-Poor farmer waiting to be paid for service in war
-MA raises taxes
-Shays followers march to federal arsenal
-take over MA legislature
-alarms "nationalists"

Front 41

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Back 41

-how to deal with problems: Tyranny & Mobocracy
-separation of powers & republicism

Front 42

CT Compromise

Back 42

Senate & house (bicameral)

Front 43

Anti-Federalists

Back 43

-Believe that the power should be in the STATES

Front 44

Federalists

Back 44

-believe that the power should be in the central gov't

Front 45

Bill of Rights

Back 45

-Ten amendments to the constitution
-Anti-federalists legacy

Front 46

"Funding"

Back 46

-paying off foreign debts by issuing bonds to rich people and only paying off the interest
-connects rich people w/gov.

Front 47

"Assumption"

Back 47

-most debt owed to Southern States
-agree to have capital in South

Front 48

Whiskey Rebellion

Back 48

-Create a tax on liquor
-people mad about this try to rebel and Washington leads the army against them
-gov. has changed

Front 49

John Adams

Back 49

-charlie brown of american presidents
-very smart
-no body liked him not even his side the "federalists"
-saved the country from war w/french and british

Front 50

Alien & Sedition Acts

Back 50

takes away freedom of speech

Front 51

Virginia & KY Resolves

Back 51

States rights: Nullification- if the gov. adopts a law that is unconstitutional the state can nullify it

Front 52

The Election of 1800

Back 52

TJ vs Burr (Rep.)- Hamilton backs Jefferson
-John Adams (Fed.)
-Charles Pickney ("High Federalists")
-mud-slinging
-Peaceful transfer of power from one party to the next "revolution of 1800"