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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Proclimation of 1763
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Date: 1763
Stated that we were not to move westward of the Appalachian Mountains. It was to deter from conflict with the Indians. |
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Sugar Act
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1764
1st Revenue Raising Tax Increased the duty on foreign sugar. Eventually lowered after protest. |
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Stamp Act
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1765
1st direct tax on the colonists. Raised revenue to support the military. Required a stamp on over 50 documents. "No taxation without representation" |
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Stamp Act Repeal
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Stamp act congress of 1765 had 27 delegates from nine colonies
Drew up repeal. Meanwhile boycotts of British goods. Sons and daughters of liberty. Repealed in 1766. |
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Quartering Act
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1765
olonists were required to quarter soldiers of the British army. It was to help pay for the cost of soldiers. The colonists refused to. |
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Boston Tea Party
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Prompted by the tea act of 1773 which reduced the price of tea but put a tax on foreign tea. (The purpose was to create open trade, but to still make money.)
Band of townsfolk disguised as Indians boarded three tea ships on December 6, 1773. they smashed 342 chests and the cursed weed into Boston harbor while a silent crowd watched approvingly It was to get back at England for making only their tea cheaper as a way to bribe us to buy from them |
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Coercive Act/Boston Port Act
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1774
Purpose: to get back at Boston for their “tea party”. It closed the harbor until damages were paid and order could be assured Others of the intolerable acts were that the Massachusetts charter was lifted, restrictions on town meetings, officials who killed colonials could now be sent to England for trial |
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First Continental Congress
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1774
Philadelphia Way of redressing colonial grievances Twelve of thirteen colonies sent 55 men Samuel Adams, john Adams, George Washington, and Patrick Henry September 5 to October 26 John Adams promoted the revolution The Association. Complete boycott of British goods |
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Lexington and Concord
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April 1775
We had stored ammunition and artillery in warehouses in Lexington and concord The British army found out and went to investigate First battle and the start of the war |
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Virtual Representation
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We weren’t actually there but the parliament as a whole represented the colonies
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Olive Branch Petition
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Pledge from our congress that we are still loyal and want to stop hostilities
King George III slammed the door in our faces. July 1775 |
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Samuel Adams
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Political agitator and organizer of the rebellion
Hosted the Boston Tea Party Sent Massachusetts to the First continental congress of 1774 Signed Declaration |
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James Otis
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Lawyer that took the lead in the agitation of the revolt
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Crispus Attucks
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First man to be allegedly killed in the war.
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John Dickenson
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With Thomas Jefferson he wrote a declaration of causes and need to take up arms
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British Advantages
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more people
established military navy hired foreigners (Hessians, loyalists) |
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TWE French Important
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military: officer, armed forces, ammunition, their entrance forced Britain to change strategies.
Financial: They supplied the artilery at Lexington and Concord secretly. Moral Support: they were a country backing us. we had a real cause |
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Tories
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patriots
whigs New England, especially |
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Loyalists
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conservative, wealthy
King's beneficiaries Anglican church especially Virginia NYC, Charleston, Quaker Pennsylvania, NJ |
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Who did the Declaration of Independence attack?
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King George III
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Saratoga
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Revolutionists had an excellent chance at winning their freedom. Made the French realize we were actually trying to gain freedom. France and Spain declared war on Britain.
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Kings Mountain
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Cornwallis had to abandon his plans to invade NC and retreat
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Yorktown
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Ended the war and led to the Treaty of Paris
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Nathan Hale
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"I only regret that I have one life to loose for my country"
Spy who went behind enemy lines, but was caught and hung for it. |
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Benedict Arnold
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Brilliant military genius
Traitor to our army Helped seize bunker hill |
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British Blunders
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Hessians
Bad timing Badly guarded western posts assumption that we had no navy and too much reliance on theirs Trenton |
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Reasons for Patriot Victory
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moral stamina
France's aid Britain's mistakes Distance and lack of adequate British generals in America; well trained foreign generals on American side We didn't have a central point/power for Britain to attack. European officers; outstanding leadership tough, self-relient people amazing marksmen who knew the land |
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Treat of Paris
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1783
gave us all land west of the Mississippi plus ended the war. we were our own nation |
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State Constitutions
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written
Bill of Rights fundamental law election of legisators annually |
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Belief in Strong Legisature and Weak Executive. Why?
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fear of tyranny: of the people and of a single leader
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18th Century Definition of Democracy
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THe people could elect the lower houses, but the rest were elected in a chain of events.
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Weaknesses of Articles
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no money or power to get it
no power over state governments or their citizens no enforceable trade agreements unfair competition among states threats to a citizen's right to property (loyalists) |
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Northwest Ordinance
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certain population allowed for the application for stathood
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Why the British refused to evacate the forts?
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They said: you haven't paid us back yet
Real reason: they were stirring up the indians, hoping they could regain the nation |
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Foreign Issues
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Spain: controlled the Mississippi
France: wanted to be repaid for their services. Barbary Coast: pirates. |
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Shay's REbellion
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impoverished farmers gathered in 1786 under Daniel Shays. Tried to capture Springfield arsenal. Defeated, but it frightened property owners
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Issues other than security
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Inadequate for meeting problems
Congress had no power to do anything The states could do everything But there were border dispute Insane taxes State governments abused loyalists rights Couldn’t enforce trade agreements |
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Biggest Obstacle of Constitutional Convention
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Legislative Branch: how would it be represented?
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At the Constitutional convention
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Washington: president; supported constitution
Madison: Virginia plan; The Federalist Franklin: mediator in Great Compromise; just mere presence; best we could do Hamilton: outvoted within his own state delegation and left furious; he only convinced himself in his speech James Wilson: theory of constitution Gouverneur Morris: spoke most often next to Madison/Washington Edmund Randolph: introduced Virginia plan Roger Sherman: helped forge Compromise George Mason: wanted Bill of Rights. refused to sign Elbridge Gerry: refused to sign |
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Father of Constitution
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James Madison
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Virginia Plan
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three branches: legislative, executive, judicial
house elected by people; senate by members of the house reprentation based on population o National government: Make all laws states couldn’t; Strike down state laws that violate constitution; Call forth military; Elect people to serve in executive and judicial courts |
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New Jersey Plan
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o Legislative house
One house Taxes, trade, control over states o Executive branch Persons appointed by congress Administer national laws Appoint other executive officials Operate military o Judicial branch Appointed by executive branch Decide cases involving treaties, trade, and collection of taxes |
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Connecticut Plan
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o House of reps would be elected on basis of proportional representation
o Equal representation of each state in the senate. Each state legislature elects two senators o House of representatives could develop all bills for taxing and government spending |
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Federalism: then and Now
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Then: 2 equal entities between qhich power is seperated
Now: similar but now all power is equal |
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Proof of Old Federalism in the constitution
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election of senators
electors to elect president |
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How were Senators originally elected?
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legislature of each state elected two senators
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Supremacy Clause
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o The Constitution and all laws and treaties approved by Congress in exercising its enumerated powers are the supreme law of land
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Seperation of Powers/Checks and Balances
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o Congress can impeach the president, other executive officials, or members of the federal judiciary
o Congress can make laws necessary and proper but the President can veto them |
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How a person becomes president.
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o The electoral college would every four years be organized to select the president
o Each sate would select members of the electoral college o Each sate would have the same number of electors as it had senators and representatives in Congress o Each elector would vote for two people one of whom had to be a resident of another state o The person with the highest number of votes if it was a majority of electors would be president. The second highest vice president o If two people received a majority vote or there was none then the House selects the president by majority vote. In case of vice presidential tie the Senate would select the vice president. |
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What Represents People?
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House of Reps
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Represents states?
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Senate
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Represents nation?
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Executive
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Represents Civil Rights?
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Judicial
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Ways Slavery is Mentioned in Constitution
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o 3/5 compromise. Each slave’s vote counts for 3/5 of a person
o Eventual abolition of slave trade in 1807. it could not be abolished before then o Continued ban in North West Territories |
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Issues of Antifederalists
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o Private meetings
o Undermines republican form of government o Too much power to national o Necessary and proper clause gives too much power o No separation of powers o Army during peace time o No bill of rights o Senate selected by state legislatures so they aren’t direct representatives of the people o National courts could overrule that of the states. Disadvantage too poor people as they couldn’t afford to travel to the national court o No council as advisors for the president o Unlimited power o president for pardoning o Treaties are supreme o Only majority vote needed for laws |
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Problems of Electoral College
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o Disproportionate voting power between states
o Winner takes all means of distributing votes o Unbound electors o House of representatives can choose president o Enforcement of two party system o Presidency can be won without majority of population vote |
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1st Amendment
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No law favoring, discriminating, or prohibiting religion. Freedom of speech. Freedom of Press. Petition Government
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2nd Amendment
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Right of people to bear arms
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3rd Amendment
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No Solider shall be quartered in time of peace in any house wihtout the consent of the owner; nor in time of war but in a manner to be prescribed by law
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4th Amendment
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security of property; no unreasonable search and seizure; warrants must be probable
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5th Amendment
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can not be held capital crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury except in cases of the army. no subjection for hte same offence (punished twice?). no deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due proces sof law. no property taken without just compensation
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6th Amendment
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speedy and public trial
assistance with defense |
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7th Amendment
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trial by jury
jury's decision not to be reexamined than according to rule of the common law |
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8th Amendment
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no excessive bail, fines, or curel and unusual punishment
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9th Amendment
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these are not the only rights to the people
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10th Amendment
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powers not given to the US are for teh States or people if not prohibited.
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Lemon Test
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o First, the statute must have a secular legislative purpose;
o second, its principal or primary effect must be one that neither advances nor inhibits religion; o finally, the statute must not foster "an excessive government entanglement with religion |
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Modern Purpose of Federalist Papers
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so we know what the Founders were thinking
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Ratification of the Constitution
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o Each state created a convention that would vote on whether they would accept the constitution
o Federalists gave in and promised a future bill of rights o Majority was needed to ratify. It was had. |
