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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The theory that discouraged government interference in economic matters was
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social Darwinism
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Breaking a job down into separate tasks and having each worker perform a different task is known as
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division of labor
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Employers sometimes replace striking workers with other workers called
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scabs
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created Civil Service Commission to classify government jobs
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Pendleton Civil Service Act
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government payment to develop certain key industries
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subsidy
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limited government role in economic matters
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laissez faire
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allowed states to regulate businesses within their borders
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Munn v. Illinois
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policy under which stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations
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imperialism
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national pride combined with a desire for an aggressive foreign policy
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jingoism
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areas of economic and political control
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sphere of influence
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policy that established the United States as “an international police power”
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Roosevelt Corollary
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having to do with city government
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municipal
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a limited degree of self-government for cities
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home rule
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election in which voters cast ballots to select nominees for upcoming elections
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direct primary
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name of Woodrow Wilson’s reform policy during the presidential campaign of 1912
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New Freedom
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countries that fought against Germany and Austria-Hungary during World War I
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Allies
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Germany’s promise that its U-boats would warn ships before attacking
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Sussex pledge
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payment from one nation to another for economic injury suffered during a war
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reparations
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the policy of avoiding political or economic alliances with foreign countries
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isolationism
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a numerical limit
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quota
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the practice of making high-risk investments in hopes of a huge return
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speculation
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were illegal bars that were operated during Prohibition
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Speakeasies
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Non-traditional woman of the 1920’s.
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Flapper
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Suppliers of illegal alcohol during Prohibition were called
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Bootleggers
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Critics of powerful industrialists referred to them as
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robber barons.
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The business cycle might best be described as
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expansion followed by recession.
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Some employers forced workers to sign “yellow dog contracts” stating that
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workers would not join labor unions.
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According to the theory of social Darwinism, what was the role of government in economic matters?
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to stay out of the affairs of business
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What happened at the Massacre at Wounded Knee?
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American soldiers killed more than 200 unarmed Sioux.
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The Interstate Commerce Act was passed to
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regulate railroad rates and practices.
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In their platform, the Populists included provisions for
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free silver, a progressive income tax, and an eight-hour day.
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What was a major incentive in the settling of the West?
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the legal, private ownership of land
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As American settlers moved west in search of land, many Native American nations
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were weakened or destroyed.
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During the late 1800s, the port of entry for the majority of immigrants was
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New York City
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Prohibitionists and purity crusaders shared the goal of
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improving the personal behavior of individuals
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The Pendleton Civil Service Act was passed to
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end the spoils system
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The main objective of the nativists was to
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restrict immigration
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What attracted many immigrants to the United States?
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a chance at a better life
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What was a major economic argument for expansion?
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The United States needed new markets for its goods.
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Why was the Open Door Policy important to the United States?
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It gave the United States access to millions of consumers in China
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What was the central message of the Roosevelt Corollary?
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The United States would use force to prevent intervention in the affairs of neighboring countries.
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Alfred T. Mahan argued that to protect its trade, the United States must build up its
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navy.
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President Theodore Roosevelt is often remembered for
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expanding presidential power.
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The banana republics of Central America were
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controlled by American business interests
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Most Progressives agreed that the government should
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protect workers and help the poor
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Woodrow Wilson won the presidential election of 1912, partly due to
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a split in the Republican vote.
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Which belief was held by most Progressives?
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The government should be more accountable to its citizens
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In 1906, Upton Sinclair’s novel entitled The Jungle exposed dangerous workplace conditions
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in the meatpacking industry.
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Journalists known as muckrakers worked at
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exposing political and business corruption
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The battle for women’s suffrage ended with the ratification of the
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Nineteenth Amendment
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What was a major factor in the decision of the United States’ to enter World War I?
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Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare
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What was the purpose of the convoy system?
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to transport troops safely across the Atlantic
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What describes the Great Migration?
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the movement of African Americans to northern cities
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Under the terms of the Sussex pledge, the German government promised that
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German U-boats would warn ships before attacking.
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The Selective Service Act was a means of
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drafting young men for the military forces.
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The German U-boat changed the rules of naval warfare because it
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remained hidden and fired without warning.
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German submarines aimed to attack ships that were carrying
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weapons to the Allies.
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President Wilson’s program for peace
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Fourteen Points
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Those who felt disconnected to the new values and morals of the 1920’s
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Lost Generation
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Carnegie, Rockefeller and other powerful industrialists
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enjoyed little government regulation and business friendly courts.
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Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act to
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keep industries from cutting off competition.
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During the late 1800s, children often worked in factories because
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families needed the income to survive.
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Without the Bessemer process, Americans might not have been able to create
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the Brooklyn Bridge
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Why were industrialists during the age of big business called “captains of industry”?
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They increased the supply of goods and created many jobs.
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By the end of the 1800s, how did most Americans view industrialists?
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They did not trust them.
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Many agreements between Native Americans and the federal government fell apart because
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Native Americans and settlers had differing concepts of land ownership.
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In the West, the combination of big business and new agricultural techniques resulted in
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bonanza farms.
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The Interstate Commerce Act was passed to
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regulate railroad rates and practices.
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Which one of the following did the Populists support?
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a progressive income tax
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Most African American Exodusters migrated west to
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escape racial violence in the South.
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What reason was given by settlers as to why they had a greater right to western lands than the Native Americans?
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Settlers produced more food and wealth than Native Americans
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Farm mechanization resulted in
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an increase in farm production.
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What was one key requirement that applicants had to meet to receive land under the Homestead
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They had to farm the land for five years in a row.
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What drew many new immigrants to the West?
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cheap land and new jobs
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How did new technology help farmers on the Great Plains?
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It saved them time and effort
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Farmers favored inflation because it would
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increase crop prices.
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In the 1880s, American Presidents most often protected the interests of
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business and industry.
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Reforms pushed by the Populists included
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government ownership of transportation systems
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What led to government regulation of businesses during the Gilded Age?
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unfair business practices
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Why did many immigrants support city political machines?
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Political machines provided them with jobs.
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During the Gilded Age, Republicans and Democrats held differing views on
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the gold standard and government aid to business.
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The Pendleton Civil Service Act was passed to
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end the spoils system.
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One reason that the United States became more urban during the late 1800s is that
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farm machines and factory-made goods reduced the need for farm labor.
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The main objective of the nativists was to
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restrict immigration
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The Interstate Commerce Act outlawed the railroads’ practice of
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giving special rates to powerful customers.
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One example of government’s trying to help American business was
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high tariffs.
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Prohibition groups saw a link between drinking and
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lower public morals
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In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court
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established the “separate-but-equal” doctrine, upholding segregation.
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W.E.B. Du Bois argued that African Americans should educate themselves so they could
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provide leadership in the fight for civil rights.
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What did Booker T. Washington tell his students to focus on in school?
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economic security
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Why was the NAACP founded?
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to fight discrimination through the courts
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Which event led to the Spanish-American War?
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Cubans rebelled against Spanish rule.
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What connection was made between imperialism and the American frontier?
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Imperialism would offer Americans a new frontier.
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A main goal of the United States during the Spanish-American War was to
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free Cuba from Spanish rule.
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To support their view, anti-imperialists argued that
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imperialism rejected the American ideal of “liberty for all.”
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The United States acquired control of the Canal Zone by
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organizing a revolt in Panama.
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American business leaders favored expansion in order to
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solve the economic problem of overproduction.
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Which belief was held by most Progressives?
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The government should be more accountable to its citizens.
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As a measure to prevent bank failures, President Wilson helped create the
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Federal Reserve System.
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Which event sparked World War I?
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the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne
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Which of the following best describes the first few years of World War I?
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Both sides were locked in a stalemate.
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Which of the following was a major factor in the decision of the United States’ to enter World War I?
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Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare
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Which best describes the Great Migration?
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the movement of African Americans to northern cities
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The government increased control of the economy during World War I by
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overseeing war-related production.
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Though relatively few in number, flappers represented
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women’s desire to break with the past.
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The rapid development of the mass media during the 1920s
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promoted the creation of a national culture.
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Why did some states ban the teaching of evolution in the schools?
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The theory seemed to contradict the Bible’s account of creation.
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Who were the main targets of the Ku Klux Klan’s terror?
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African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and immigrants
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