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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Columbian Exchange
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the transatlantic trade of crops, technology, and culture between the americas and Europe, Africa, and Asia tha began in 1492 with Columbus's first voyage to the Americas
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triangular trade
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trade between the AMericas, Europe, and Africa
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mercantilism
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economic theory that a country should try to get and keep as much bullion, or gold and silver, as possible, by exporting more goods that it imported
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immigrant
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person who enters a new country to settle
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great awakening
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religious revival in the American colonies during the 1730s and 1740s
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indentured servant
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a person who works for another person fro a specified period of time, usually seven years, under a contract in exchange for transportation, food, and shelter
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mayflower compact
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agreement in which settlers of Plymouth Co;ony agreed to obey their government's laws
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barter
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to trade goods or servies without money
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puritans
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people who favored the purification of England's Anglican Church
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plantation
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large farm on which crops are raised mainly for sale
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proprietary colony
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a colony granted by a king or queen to an individual or a group who has full governing rights
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revolutionary war
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american coloniost' war of independence from Britain, fought from 1775 to 1783
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first continental congress
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assembly of representatives from the colonies that first met in Philadelphia in September 1774
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declaration of independence
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1776 statement, issued by th eSecond Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independece from Britain
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french and indian war
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war from 1754 to 1763 between France, with allied Indian nations, and britain and its colonists for control of eastern North America
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louisiana purchase
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purchase byh the United States of the Louisiana Territory from Franch in 1804
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missouri compromise
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1820 agreement calling for the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and outlawing slavery in future statesto be created north of 36o 30' N latitude
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bill of rights
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first ten amendments to the Constitution
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embargo
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a ban or restriction on trade
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balance of trade
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the difference in value between imports and exports (more exports than imports)
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nomads
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people who move their homes regularly in search of food
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oral history
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made up of people's verbal accounts and recollections of former tiems and events
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attitude for land with the Native Americans
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Native Americans never traded land; in their view land could not be owned; people had a right to use land or to allow others to use it
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encomienda system
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Native Americans were forced to work for the profit of an individual Spaniard. In return, the Spaniard was supposed to ensure th ewell-being of the workers; system did not work because many workers died of disease
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northwest passage
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sea route through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways amidst the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
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salem witch trials
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trial when three woman were accused of being witches in Salem, Massachusettes. as a result of this, MA authorities ordered 20 men and women to be executed
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salutary neglect
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- beneficial
- leave them alone beneficial policy left alone this is the policy Britain used on the Americas before the Revolutionary War |
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new france
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the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River, by Jacques Cartier in 1534, to the cession of New France to Spain and Britain in 1763
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religious persecution
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systematic mistreatment of an individual or group of individuals as a response to their religious beliefs of affiliations
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new england colonies
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include Conncecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine
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middle colonies
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include New york, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
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southern colonies
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include Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia
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battle of new orleans
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remarkable victory for the US in the war of 1812; the british force started this battle, but andrew jackson stopped him; final battle of the war of 1812
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tariff
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a tax imposed on goods when they are moved across a political boundary
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treaty of ghent
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ended the war of 1812
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battle of tippecanoe
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neither side won this battle of 1812; the indians were drawn back after this though
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alien and sedition acts
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act that made it against the law to criticize government officials unless all charges could be proven and the act used to silence Republican opposition; john adams passed this act
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boycott
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refusal to buy a certain product, or use a certain service
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battles of lexington and concord
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first battles of the revolutionary war on April 19, 1775
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checks and balances
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system in which each of the branches of the federal government can check the actions of the other branches
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judicial review
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power of federal courts to review state laws and state court decisions to determine if they are constitutional
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republic
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government run by the people through their elected representatives
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separation of powers
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the Constituional allotting of powers within the federal government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches
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articles of confederation
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plan that establisehd, in 1781, a limited national government in the United States, later replaced by the Constitution of the United States
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federalists
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supporters of the Constitution during the debate over ratification; favored a strong national government
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anti-federalists
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opponents of the Constitution during the debate over ratification; opposed to the concept of a strong national government
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political party
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group of people who seek to win elections and to hold public office in order to control government policies and programs
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war of 1812
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war between the United States and Great Britain and the US mainly won
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ralph waldo emerson
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leader in the Transcendental movement; lecturer and writer
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eli whitney
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inventor; developeed the cotton gin in 1793, which rapidly increased cotton prodcution in the South and led to a greater demand for slave labor
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jefferson davis
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president of the Confederate States of America; ordered attack on Fort Sumpter, the first battle of the Civil War
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john brown
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abolitionist crusader who massacred proslavery settlers in Kansas before the Civil War; hoped to inspire slave revolt with 1859 attack on Virginia arsenal; executed for treason against the state of Virginia
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henry clay
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statesman from Kentucky; accused by Jackson of giving votes to John Q. Adams in return for post as secretary of State; endorsed government promotion of economic growth; advocate of Compromise of 1850
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harriet tubman
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"conductor" on the Underground Railroad, which helped slaves escape to freedom before the Civil War
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samuel slater
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english textile worker who brought the Industrial Revoluytion to the United States by duplicating British textile machinery from memory
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john c. calhoun
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statesman from South Carolina who held many offices in the federal government; supported slavery, cototn exports, states' rights; in 1850 foresaw future conflicts over slavery
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henry david thoreau
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trancendentalist author known for his work Walden (1854) and other writings
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abraham lincoln
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16th president of the United States, 1861-1865; known for his effective leadership during the Civil War and his Emancipation Proclamation declaring the end of slavery in Confederate-held territory
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treaty of paris 1783
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ended the Revolutionary War; GB recognized US as independant and a border was set between US and British Canada
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stamp act
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law that placed a tax on newspapers, legal documents, and most other printed materials before the Revolutionary War
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sugar act
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marked the start of a new British policy desgined to raise more income from colonies in 1764
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taxation without representation
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US was getting angry that they were getting taxed by the British through Congress since no US members were allowed to be in congress
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mercenary
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one that serves merely for wages ; especially : a soldier hired into foreign service
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legislative branch
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"makes the law" congress makes the laws, creates agencies, and programs, appropriates funds to carry out laws and programs, may override veto with 2/3 vote, may remove Presidenty through impaeachment; Senate approves treaties and presidential appointments
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pontiac's rebellion
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a number of Indian peoples in the Great Lakes region rebelled against the British
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battle of trenton
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boosted the Patriot morale and convinced more Americans to support the Patriot cause; in the Revolutionary War
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battle of saratoga
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mid-September of the Revolutionary War and the Americans won this
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veto
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to ban a law or something by the president usually
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common sense
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written by Thomas Paine; convinced many readers to support a complete break from Britain
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proclamation of 1763
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order to help restore pace by Britain's King George III; closed the region west of the Appalachian Mountains to all setllement by colonists
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battle of bunker hill
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battle in the Revolutionary War that the British won at a high cost and George Washington was general
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whiskey rebellion
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rebellion against the tax placed on whiskey which lead up to the Revolutionary War
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shays rebellion
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rebellion where Daniel shays, a Massachusetts farmer, was rebelling against taxes raised by Massachusetts
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jeffersonian republicans
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is supportive of a smaller role for the federal government, of States' rights issues and is largely anti-war, calling for limited intervention in foreign matters; strict confederates
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election of 1800
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tensions between Federalists (Adams) and Jeffersonian Republicans (Jefferson vs Aaron Burr) Jefferson won the popular vote and Burr won the electoral vote Jefferson ended up winning
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three-fifths compromise
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a compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives. It was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman.
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lewis and clark expedition
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two men who set out in 1804 reached all the way to the Pacific Ocean and found info about he West
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dred scott
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an enslaved man living in Missouuri; filed suit against his owner; thought he should be free
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daniell boone
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became a symbol of the personal qualities needed to explore and settle those lands in the west with courage, practical know-how, and bottomless determination
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frederick douglass
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african american abolitionist leader who spoke eloquently for abolition int he United States and Britain before the Civil War
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elizabeth cady stanton
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women's rights leader in the 1800s; helped organize first women's convention; wrote the Declaration of Sentiments on women's rights in 1848
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spoils system
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informal practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of some measure of merit independent of political activity; Jackson did this
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rice and sugar cane
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cash crops that created a sulprus; caused slavery to become more popular because slaves were needed to work on these plantations; located in the south such as GA and SC
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obsidian
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a hard dark shone that th eNative American used for spearpoints or sharp edges
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New France
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the place where th fur trade took part in; includes Canada and the Louisiana Purchase area
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Slave trade
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trade with Africa were many slaves were taken from Africa and brought to the Americas
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joint stock colony
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colony set up where the companies invested in the people; this is a trend that colonists took over the Americas
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royal colony
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colony where the King owns it and is charge; this is how most colonies were run
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New England colonies
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located in the North; they traded for their goods and they used ships a lot
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Middle colonies
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located in the middle; very diverse economy between the North and South
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Southern colonies
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located in the South; way of life was slaves and cash crops on plantations
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mercenaries
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soldiers that fought for another country that really fought for money
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Great Compromise
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stated that the representatives for each state for the House would be by population and that senators for the Senate would be 2 for every state
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