Us History Midterm #1-14

Front 1

Declared himself General of the Continental Army

Back 1

George Washington

Front 2

Guided Troops in the French and Indian War

Back 2

George Washington

Front 3

Dealt with various problems among troops i.e. undisciplined soldiers and shortages on money

Back 3

George Washington

Front 4

Father of the Constitution

Back 4

James Madison

Front 5

Founder of the Republican Party/Key floor leader in congress

Back 5

James Madison

Front 6

Jefferson's Secretary of State

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James Madison

Front 7

25 Years in the Public Eye, yet ineffective leader

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James Madison

Front 8

Placed equality at the center of the new nation's identity in the Declaration of Independence

Back 8

Thomas Jefferson

Front 9

Wrote the Declaration of Independence

Back 9

Thomas Jefferson

Front 10

What are Alexander Hamilton's 2 goals?

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1. use federal power to encourage commerce
2. link interest of the wealthy to the federal government

Front 11

Whose goals are to use federal power to encourage commerce, and to link the interest of the wealthy to the federal government?

Back 11

Alexander Hamilton

Front 12

What are Alexander Hamilton's 4 Economic Policies?

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1. 52 million paid in full by the federal government
2. 25 million paid in full by the federal government
3. Increasing the need for revenue by making wealth look to the national government
4. series of excise takes on whiskey

Front 13

Federalist Party

Back 13

Hamilton

Front 14

Said the "Unalienable rights" to "life, liberty, and happiness."

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Thomas Jefferson

Front 15

Adopted by the Constitutional Convention in Phildelphia 1787

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The Constitution

Front 16

13 States loosely organized around a weak central government/States control most things that happen

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Articles of Confederation

Front 17

6 Powers: Declare war & make peace. Regulate Indian affairs. Conduct diplomacy. Appoint military & navy commanders. Draft army. Coin money & issue paper money.
2 Regulations: Levy taxes. Regulate trade.

Back 17

Articles of Confederation

Front 18

-2nd president of the US
-didnt accomplish anything
- Industrial Revolution happened before, during, and after his presidency

Back 18

John Adams

Front 19

-Assembly of "Demi-Gods"
-55 Delegates

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Constitutional Convention

Front 20

Called by Virginia during Shay's Rebellion to fix the Articles of Confederation

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Constitutional Convention

Front 21

-by Madison
-responded to the objections of the anti-federalists
-85 essays written by Hamilton and Jay
-system of checks and balances

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Federalist Papers

Front 22

France, Indians, Spain VS. Britain, Colonies, Prussia

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French & Indian War/7 Years War

Front 23

Result= Britain gains. France & Spain lose. Indians move farther west.

Back 23

French & Indian War/7 Years War

Front 24

Philosopher that said Property guaranteed liberty and that government's job was to protect your liberty

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John Locke

Front 25

Resistance group that consisted of traders, lawyers, middle class, and wealthy artisans

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Sons of Liberty

Front 26

Organized the lower class of seaports in opposition to the Stamp Act

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Sons of Liberty

Front 27

An efforts to help the East India Company get out of bankruptcy

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Tea Act of 1774

Front 28

This hurt American merchants by taxing tea & cutting out middlemen by offering lower prices.

Back 28

Tea Act of 1774

Front 29

This leads to the Boston Tea Party

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Tea Act of 1774

Front 30

Put a tax on lead, paint, paper, glass, and tea

Back 30

Townsend Act

Front 31

Result= Boston Massacre
Repealed after the Massacre

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Townsend Act

Front 32

-AKA Intolerable Acts
Boston Port Act (closed the harbor)
-Mass Gov Act (Royal appointees replace mass government)
-Imperial Administration of Justice Act (permitted any royal official accused of crime in Massachusetts to be tried in England or other colony)
-Quartering Act (Housing of British Troops in American Homes)

Back 32

Coercive Acts

Front 33

-Intended to bring repeal to the coercive acts
-all colonies present except georgia
-colonies wanted to break away and form their own nation

Back 33

First Continental Congress

Front 34

Wrote "Common Sense"

Back 34

Thomas Paine

Front 35

Washington's Winter Camp which stationed 11,000 soldiers through out the winter
- Marquis de Lafayette and Baron con Steuban give help

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Valley Forge

Front 36

Southerners were able to hide and sneak attacks on the north

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Southern Back Country

Front 37

enlistment and recruitment was low, wanted men that were loyal, no leadership in officers

Back 37

Washingtons professional army

Front 38

What is a British mistake of the American Revolution?

Back 38

General Howe’s slowness to take action allowed the US to survive two winters.

Front 39

most native Americans remained neutral, but those who sided went with ____

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Britain

Front 40

Believed that in order to prosper, the US must remain independent of Europe.

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George Washington

Front 41

Issued a law saying that neutrals could trade with belligerents as long as the trade had existed before the outbreak of hostilities and did not involve war supplies.

Back 41

George Washington

Front 42

Reinforced the U.S. position as an economic satellite of Britain

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Jays Treaty

Front 43

- you can trade with the belligerant as long as you were trading before
-no trading war goods or ammo
- provisions= will not stop seizing cargo/impressing soldiers; GB will not compensate for any losses, will not give US most favored nation status; remove troops from western forts in america

Back 43

Jay's Treaty

Front 44

Warned to stay out of political parties because they are corrupt and bad.
Warned to stay out of International Affairs

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Washington's Farewell Address

Front 45

Republican Party

Back 45

Jefferson

Front 46

-Looked to the traditional Revolutionary fear that government threatened liberty
-emphasized threat of corruption
-thought the army would enslave people and the construction of the constitution would make the federal government all-powerful
-agriculture= centerpiece of liberty and virtue

Back 46

Jeffersons Republican Party

Front 47

-upper class should rule over social and economic affairs
-opposed individualism
-believed society's needs were more important and the individuals
-government should use power
-commerce=main focus

Back 47

Federalist Party

Front 48

-Adams tries to balance relations with Great Britain and France
-Adams dispatched 3 envoys to France
-French foreign minister demanded a bribe
-American reps refused
-named after French officials

Back 48

XYZ Affairs

Front 49

-Authorized the president to arrest and deport aliens suspected of treason
-Established heavy fines and even imprisonment for writing, speaking, or publishing anything of false nature against the government

Back 49

Alien and Sedition Acts

Front 50

Proclaimed that the Constitution was a compact among sovereign states that delegated strictly limited powers to the federal government. VA= Madison. KY= Jefferson.

Back 50

Virginia and Kentucky Resolution

Front 51

Madison agreed to Hamilton and Jefferson’s proposals if, after 10 years in Philadelphia, the permanent seat of government was located in the South, between Virginia and Maryland.

Back 51

Compromise of Jefferson, Madison, and Hamilton

Front 52

Farmers in the Western districts of several states defied federal officials, and refused to pay and excise tax on whiskey. Washington led an army of 13,000 men into Pennsylvania countryside to overawe the populace & subdue the rebels.

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Whiskey Rebellion

Front 53

What were Jefferson's view on government?

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a. government is but a necessary evil
b. people must mistrust the government officials in order to keep government honest

Front 54

wanted weak federal government with strong state government

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Jefferson

Front 55

-chief justice presided over the case of marbury vs madison
-federalist in favor of jefferson that they could not issue the order because it didnt have jurisdiction over the case

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John Marshall

Front 56

individual most responsible for creating judicial review

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John Marshall

Front 57

-sue claiming in violation the judiciary act
-asserted the supreme court's ability to judicial review

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Marbury vs. Madison

Front 58

Jefferson buys land from Napoleon. Puts into congress & does not hesitate to allow Louisiana Purchase to go forward.

Back 58

Louisiana Purchase

Front 59

After this event:
-America Doubled in Size
-Set an important precedent when adding land to the continent

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Louisiana Purchase

Front 60

Led by Henry Clay. Nationalistic. Favored Market Revolution. Willingness to go to war to achieve aims gave them the name "war hawks".

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War Hawks

Front 61

-Called by New England Federalists
-New England considers secession
-Leads to the death of the federalist party

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Hartford Convention

Front 62

Stops War of 1812, does not do much else/is as inconclusive as the war

Back 62

Treaty of Ghent

Front 63

-Spain gave up claims to Pacific NW and Florida in fear that Am. would invade Texas and other Sp. holdings
-Creates western border to the pacific and ceded Florida to America
-In return, the US would assume a 15 million dollar debt and abandon their claim to Texas

Back 63

Transcontinental Treaty/Adams Onis Treaty

Front 64

-America felt a sense of nationalistic pride
-"Era of good feelings"

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War of 1812

Front 65

-Actually invented by a slave
-Eli Whitney
-Greatly increased cotton production in America

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Cotton Gin

Front 66

-Connected Buffalo to Albany
-Reduced shipping costs and allowed for a steady flow of goods
-motivated other cities
-NY gains dominance in western trade

Back 66

Erie Canal

Front 67

Created under textiles, leads to the decline of women's traditional work

Back 67

Factory System

Front 68

Henry Clay admits Maine as a free state, Missouri as a slave state
-Slavery prohibited in louisiana territory

Back 68

Missouri Compromise

Front 69

1st time slavery was debated in congress

Back 69

Missouri Compromise

Front 70

"the corrupt bargain"
john quincy Adams become president and accomplished nothing during his term

Back 70

election of 1824

Front 71

-enlarged the power of pres.

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Andrew Jackson

Front 72

-Created by John O'Sullivan
-The idea that westward expansion would be highly beneficial

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manifest dynasty

Front 73

-Mexico did not recognize Texan independence and wouldn't sell the land to America
-Mexicans attacked
-Mexicans blamed for the entire war

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Mexican-American war

Front 74

Us acquired Mexican provinces of new Mexico and California and was in control of the Pacific NW

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Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Front 75

Outlawed slavery in new territories acquired from Mexico

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Wilmot Proviso

Front 76

Repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Kansas was a slave state. Nebraska was free

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Kansas Nebraska Act

Front 77

A slave who sued for his freedom in 1856. He lost & remained a slave

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Dred Scott

Front 78

Beginning of the Civil War?
Who fired First shot?

Back 78

Fort Sumter; South Carolina

Front 79

What was the Union's first success?

Back 79

Battle of Shiloh/Fort Donelson

Front 80

Lee convinces Davis that victory will invigorate the south. McClellan barely defeats Lee in a poorly coordinated battle. Single bloodiest day in Am. history. Convinces foreigners to stay out and convinces Lincoln to end slavery.

Back 80

Antietam Creek

Front 81

Lincoln announced that all slaves within rebel lines would be freed unless the seceded states returned to their allegiance by January 1, 1863.

Back 81

Emancipation Proclamation

Front 82

Lee (c) defeated Hooker (u). Stone Wall is killed. 2 armies meet at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Begins on July 1, 1863. July 2nd= Lee attacks Union. July 3rd = Lee orders G. Picket to attack Union positions. July 4th= Lee retreats.

Back 82

Battle of Gettysburg

Front 83

Who is Lincoln's General?

Back 83

Ulysses S. Grant

Front 84

What amendment forbade any state to deny the right to vote based on race, color, or ethnicity?

Back 84

15th Amendment

Front 85

What amendment ended slavery?

Back 85

13th Amendment

Front 86

What amendment:
- Redefined an American citizen as someone born in the US or naturalized
-Represented the moderates terms for reconstruction
-guaranteed repayment of national war debt and ratified against Johnson's Will?

Back 86

14th Amendment