U.s. History Meeting Of The Three Worlds-Europe And Africa

Front 1

agricultural stagnation

Back 1

landlords could only squeeze so much out of the peasants. the more they tried, the more they depleted their natural resources. 1300s agricultural output was declining

Front 2

peasant wars

Back 2

1300 and 1400s, the peasants started revolting.

Front 3

europeans came for america for?

Back 3

gold

Front 4

who figured out that they could use agriculture to get money out of America?

Back 4

Portugal and Spain

Front 5

importance of new world sugar?

Back 5

can't be overstated. the british had never had sugar, so they pretty much got addicted to it.

Front 6

beginnings of slave labor?

Back 6

Portuguese-first to enslave Indians, but they couldn't fill the need, so by the end of the 16th century, quarter million africans were in america against their will.
15th->18th century, 6 out of every 7 immigrants were african slaves.

Front 7

west africa pre-slavery

Back 7

thriving economy created through bartering surplus, university in timubktu. they grew stuff in fertile land, had livestock, and had sophisticated iron tools. women were active.

Front 8

"Old slavery"

Back 8

Africans themselves occasionally used slavery, but it wasn't heriditary, and it wasn't bsed on race. greece, western europe did it too.

Front 9

first slave market

Back 9

at first, african chiefs were willing to sell africans. in 1444, the portuguese opened a small market for african slaves.

Front 10

legalization of slave trade

Back 10

1510, spain legalized the sale of west africans. they carried the first ship of africans to america.

Front 11

effect of slave trade on africa

Back 11

12 million africans to america, devastating on africa, forcing hundreds of men to flee to interiors, leaving exteriors to be gutted by slave traders. One out of every 6 slaves died in route to America

Front 12

South Atlantic system

Back 12

Extremely lucrative.

Ships-
Europe (cheap goods, cotton, alcohol, weapons, metals)---->West Africa (dropped off goods, picked up slaves)----->various locations in America (dropped off slaves, picked up sugar and tobacoo)----->Europe.
slaves, predictably, resisted.

Front 13

British Colonization

Back 13

England was a relative latecomer to colonization and New World. Spain dominated until defeat of Spanish armada 1588

Front 14

New settlers that weren't spanish

Back 14

English, Jamestown 1607
French, Quebec-1608
Dutch, New Amsterdam 1624
80,000 British to North America

Front 15

Upper and lower classes in America

Back 15

merchants, landowners, wanted America to make them rich

peasants, lots more of them, wanted a better life.

Front 16

peasant war of 1381

Back 16

led to financial incentive for peasants. lord parceled out land and collected cash rents. they were still cooperative though, rather than competitive

Front 17

Just price

Back 17

can't charge more than the poorest person could pay

Front 18

reorganization of british upper classes

Back 18

gentry-aristocracy died, men of new gentry were landowners, and were capitalists. allied with urban merchants, who were involved in the textile industry. monarchy supported gentry and urban merchants.

Front 19

enclosure

Back 19

because of the textile industry, landowners wanted to enclose land for sheep to graze on, which meant peasants lost their land, and had to walk around selling their labor. london pop. grew to 200,000. they staged riots.