Us History: Imperialism

Front 1

Yellow Journalism

Back 1

Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst launched this aggressive and competitive campaign to sell newspapers encouraged them to write sensational stories and print emotional headlines.

Front 2

Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan

Back 2

He wrote "The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783," which argued that control of the sea was the key to world dominance.

Front 3

"Big Sister Policy"

Back 3

It was a policy of Sec. of State James G. Blaine aimed at rallying Latin American nations behind the US and opened Latin American markets to US traders.

Front 4

Venezuela-British Guiana Boundary Dispute

Back 4

This Latin American border crisis led the US to demand arbitration between the two nations, strengthening the prestige of the Monroe Doctrine.

Front 5

Richard Olney

Back 5

His note as Sec. of State to Great Britain was a demand for arbitration in the Venezuela border dispute. Though ignored at first and possibly a call for war, Great Britain submitted to its claim and US-British relations became friendly.

Front 6

McKinley Tariff

Back 6

Intended to protect American manufacturers, it hurt American planters in Hawaii since the islands were not part of the United States.

Front 7

Queen Liliuokalani

Back 7

She was deposed after American planters led a revolt in an effort to get the Hawaiin islands annexed by the United States.

Front 8

Valeriano "Butcher" Weyler

Back 8

His atrocious activities, such as maintaining reconcentration camps, in Cuba led to American disgust against Spain.

Front 9

Insurrectos

Back 9

Spanish word for "rebels."
They revolted against Spain's control by torching cane fields and sugar mills. Many were put in the unsanitary reconcentration camps.

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USS Maine

Back 10

On a "friendly visit" to Cuba, it mysteriously blew up in Havana Harbor, leading to a push for war against Spain by the American public.

Front 11

Teller Amendment

Back 11

This proviso in the declaration fo war against Spain proclaimed to the world that when the US overthrew the Spanish misrule, it would give the Cubans their freedom.

Front 12

Pan-American Conference

Back 12

Held in Washington DC, it was President Garfield's Sec. of State's, James H. Blaine, effort to sketch a plan for economic cooperation among Latin American nations through reduced tariffs.

Front 13

Commodore George Dewey

Back 13

After being secretly cabled by Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt, he took control of the harbor in Manila, Philippines thus expanding US intervention against Spain.

Front 14

Rough Riders

Back 14

Organized by Theodore Roosevelt and commanded by Colonel Leonard Wood, this regiment of volunteers won battles on El Caney and San Juan Hill, aided by strong support from black regiments.

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Disease

Back 15

Most of the American deaths in Cuba were not due to fighting, but rather to this.

Front 16

Treaty of Paris
(1898)

Back 16

Ending the Spanish-American War, it provided that the US would get Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines and that the Spanish rights to Cuba would be relinquished.

Front 17

Platt Amendment

Back 17

Encouraged by the US to be put in the Cuban Constitution, it provided the US the right to intervene in Cuban affairs for the preservation of Cuban Independence, as well as the right for the US to lease or buy lands necessary for coaling or naval stations. Today it is used by the US in its claim to Guantanamo Bay.

Front 18

Insular Cases

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Supreme Court cases that decreed that Filipinos and Puerto Ricans may be subject to American rule, but they did not enjoy all American rights.

Front 19

Emilio Aguinaldo

Back 19

This Filipino leader aided the US in its fight against Spain, but then launched a guerrilla warfare against the American forces in order to win independence.

Front 20

Dupuy de Lôme

Back 20

His letter criticizing President McKinley sparked an uproar after it was published by Hearst's New York Journal.

Front 21

Anti-Imperialist League

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It was formed in protest to the American annexation of the Philippines for economic, legal, and moral reasons. Members included Andrew Carnegie and Mark Twain.

Front 22

Foraker Act of 1900

Back 22

It granted Puerto Rico's 1 million inhabitants a limited degree of popular government and established Puerto Rican citizenship.

Front 23

Jones-Shafroth Act of 1917

Back 23

It granted US citizenship to Puerto Ricans and organized its government.

Front 24

Jingoism

Back 24

A term used to describe extreme patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign policy.

Front 25

Imperialism

Back 25

The extension of power, rule, and authority of a country beyond its boundaries.

Front 26

William Howard Taft

Back 26

As the Civil Governor of the Philippines, he referred to the Filipinos as his "little brown brothers" as he promoted a benevolent assimilation of the Philippines with American culture.

Front 27

Open Door Policy

Back 27

In the summer of 1899, this note to the world powers urged respect for certain Chinese rights and the ideal of fair competition in China.

Front 28

John Hay

Back 28

As McKinley's Sec. of State, he dispatched the Open Door note, as well as the later provision of respecting China's territorial integrity.

Front 29

Boxer Rebellion

Back 29

A superpatriotic Chinese group protested the European presence by murdering missionaries and besieging foreign diplomats in Beijing forcing a multinational rescue force to intervene.

Front 30

Big Stick Diplomacy

"Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far..."

Back 30

Roosevelt's foreign policy of negotiating peaceful while maintaining a threat of military intervention.

Front 31

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty

Back 31

This 1850 agreement prevented either the US or GB from establishing colonies in Central America, seeking control of any possible canal in such an area, and also fortifying any portion of the area.

Front 32

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

Back 32

This 1901 agreement allowed the US to construct and fortify a canal in Central America as long as it maintained neutrality and equal rates for all nations.

Front 33

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

Back 33

This 1903 treaty established a zone for the Panama Canal to be granted to the US in exchange for $10 million then and $250,000 anually in rental payments to Panama.

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Panama Canal

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A man-made route linking the Pacific and Antlantic Oceans that was constructed by the US under President Theodore Roosevelt.

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Colonel George Washington Goethals

Back 35

This West Point engineer improved sanitation during his supervision of the construction of the Panama Canal.

Front 36

Roosevelt Corollary

Back 36

This was a strained interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine, allowing the US to intervene in Latin American nations in order to prevent European nations from intervening.

Front 37

Russo-Japanese War

Back 37

This was a conflict over imperialist control over Manchuria and Korea between a European and Asian nation.

Front 38

Treaty of Portsmouth

Back 38

Mediated by President Theodore Roosevelt in which he won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize, it ended the Russo-Japanese War, but resulted in hostilities by both nations against the US.

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Spheres of Influence

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An area or region over which a nation has dominance over the culture, economy, military or politics.

Front 40

Great White Fleet

Back 40

President Theodore Roosevelt ordered these naval ships to circumnavigate the world from 1907 to 1909 in order to show off America's strength to the world.

Front 41

Gentlemen's Agreement

Back 41

Negotiated by President Theodore Roosevelt, the San Fransisco Board of Education agreed to integrate its schools with Japanese-Americans if Japan agreed to limit its emigration to America.

Front 42

Root-Takahira Agreement

Back 42

Negotiated in 1908, this agreement between the US and Japan upheld the Open Door policy in China and respected each other's territorial possessions in the Pacific.

Front 43

Philippe Bunau-Varilla

Back 43

This French engineer was the president of the New Panama Canal Company that negotiated a price of $40 million dollars to construct the canal. He was later the Panamanian minister to the US.