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183 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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George Washington
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First US president
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Precedent
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setting an example (2 terms)
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John Adams
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first vice president, second president
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Cabinet
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advisors to the president
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Thomas Jefferson
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Secretary of State
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Alexander Hamilton
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Secretary of treasury
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Henry Knox
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secretary of war
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Edmund Randolph
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Attorney General
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Adam Smith
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Writes the wealth of nations, father of capitalism
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Capitalism
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free market, supply and demand, private ownership
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Hamilton's economic plan
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pay off all war debts and bonds @ full price and state debts, move capitol to DC
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National bank
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Hamilton's plan |
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Hamilton
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New York-merchants, bankers(elite), Strong central government, Loose interpretation of constitution, national bank+ assumption bill, backing Britain FEDERALTIST PARTY
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Jefferson
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Virginia-farmers & common people, weak central government (people & state power), Strict interpretation of constitution (word for word, restricts central power), not national bank, backing france. DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN PARTY
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Strict Construction
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Word for word, restricts central power
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Loose construction
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leaves more room for central government to act
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Whiskey Rebellion
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Pennsylvania farmers refused to pay tax, Washington enforced and showed that the federal government has the power to enforce laws
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France and Britain(at war)
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People choosing sides, government split on who to support. Ends up creating a tariff |
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Impressment
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Seizing Sailors at Sea
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Edmond Genet
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Frenchman who reminded Americans that they should be helping them, but Washington ignores him
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sets neutrality precedent
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Neutrality
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precedent set by Washington
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Jay Treaty
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One-sided treaty for Britain over British still in America
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Pinkney treaty
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treaty with Spain for EVERYTHING (right of deposit, disputed land, stop arming and stirring up the Indians
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right of deposit
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right of Americans to unload @ new Orleans
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Washington's farewell address
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warns America about foreign alliances and parties.
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Federalist Party
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founded by Hamilton
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Democratic-Republican Party
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Founded by Jefferson
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John Adams
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Second president, federalist party, first vice president |
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Thomas Jefferson
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third US president
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XYZ affair
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3 French agents met /w American agents and let them speak to leaders for presidential apology and money
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Alien and Sedition acts
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limiting freedom of speech, fined and go to jail
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Kentucky and Virginia resolutions
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if a state finds a federal law to beer unconstitutional, they can declare it null and void (nullification, no power in state)
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Aaron Burr
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Tied /w Jefferson, vice president, kills Hamilton in duel, arrested & charged /w treason, let go b/c not enough witnesses
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John Marshall
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Chief Justice of US supreme court for Marbury v Madison
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Marbury v. Madison
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Supreme court declares an act of congress unconstitutional (first time)
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Louisiana Purchase
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Purchased from france for cheap b/c napoleon wanted the money instead (in a war, couldn't hold it)
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Toussaint Overture
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Slave rebellion in Haiti
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Merriweather Lewis
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Duh |
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William Clark
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Again, duh |
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Sacagawea
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guided people in louisiana |
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Embargo act
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US won't trade with france or Britain - merchants, farmers, economy hurt
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The Barbary Pirates
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Asked for protection money to sail the Mediterranean
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Tecumseh
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charismatic leader, organized Indians
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William Henry Harrison
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defeated Tecumseh at Tippecanoe
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Tippecanoe
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Harrison defeated Tecumseh |
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"War Hawks"
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Murican's that want war against britain |
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Henry Clay
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War Hawk |
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John C Calhoun
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War Hawk |
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James Madison
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president during the war of 1812
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Andrew Jackson
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wins large victory @ new Orleans
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Hartford Convention
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federalists meet, 1812 war criticized, threaten to leave union, war ends federalists lose standing MARKS END OF FEDERALISTS
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Noah Webster
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Writes Webster's dictionary
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Monroe Doctrine
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1. western hemisphere closed to NEW colonization 2. no interfering with independent nations in Latin America 3. US won't interfere with euro affairs 4. any attempt to do this will be considered an act unfriendly to the US
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Eli Whitney
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Cotton Gin, interchangeable parts
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Missouri compromise
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1. Missouri slave state 2. Maine is free 2. slave-free line is south border of Missouri
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Democratic Party
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Andrew Jackson Party
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Spoils System
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"To the victor goes the spoils" --> winner of election can appoint whomever
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Jacksonian Democracy
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Andrew Jackson elected. Spoils system, hero of common people, right to vote expanded to more white males, people have more say, strong leader. nominating conventions for candidates
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Sequoya
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Indian who knew English, created written language and alphabet for Cherokees
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Indian Removal Act
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Tried to drive Indians out, struck down by supreme court b/c of treaty Jackson did anyways and sent troops to Georgia to assist
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Trail of Tears
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Indians driven out
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Nullification
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California not enforcing tariff, threaten to secede
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Webster-Hayne Debate
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Daniel Webster senator Haines
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Liberty and Union
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now and forever
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Tariff compromise of 1833
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import taxes not as large, reduced over time |
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Whig Party
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Opposed to andrew jackson |
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William Henry Harrison
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frontier hero, elected /w slogan Tippecanoe and Tyler too. Dies from pneumonia after speech
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Irish
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potato famine(starvation), catholic, not well educated, no skillset. Settle in big cities on the east coast.
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Germans
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Revolutions religious prosecution economic opportunity. protestant, catholic, come Jewish, better education. inland or Midwest!
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Nativism
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strong feeling of native Americans against immigrants
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know-nothings
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anti-immigrant political party
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American party
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originally know nothings
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American abolitionist society
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wants to send blacks to Africa. part of abolition movement
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Liberia
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where blacks were sent to by AAS capital Monrovia, pres. Monroe
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planters
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Owned 20 or more slaves. controlled wealth and government in south
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Frederick Douglass
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escaped slave, wrote autobiography and edited north star newspaper
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slave revolts
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duh |
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Gabriel prosser, Denmark vessey
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failed rebellions
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Nat Turner
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semi-successful rebellion, got shut down quickly
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Slave Codes
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no weapons curfew needed pass to travel couldn't testify against whites
no groups without white people forbidden reading or writing |
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slave resistance
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Rebellion, running away, day to day resistance --> sabotage, poor work, fire, breaking tools
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underground railroad
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brought slaves north, system of safe houses
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Harriet Tubman
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never let a slave turn back on underground railroad
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spirituals
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songs sung about mostly freedom by blacks
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Alexis de Tocqueville
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comes to study "prison system" wrote democracy in America
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second great awakening
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second wave of religious revivals
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Charles Finney
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best known preacher of second great awakening
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Richard Allen
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establishes AME church, preacher in Philadelphia
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AME church
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African Methodist episcopal
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Mormons
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founded by joseph smith
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joseph smith
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murdered, mormons
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Brigham young
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takes over for smith
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salt lake city
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Mormons settle
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Dorothea dix
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treatment of prisoners and mentally ill
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Horace Mann
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education
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Oberlin college
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first school to allow women and blacks
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mount Holyoke
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first women's only school
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William Lloyd garrison
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abolitionist, wrote the liberator
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the liberator
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abolitionist newspaper
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sojourner truth
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speaks for women's and blacks rights
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Elijah lovejoy
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several typewriters guy
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Elizabeth candy Stanton
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went to anti-slavery convention in England, not allowed in b/c they were women
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lucretian Mott
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organized first ever women's rights convention /w ECS
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Seneca falls
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first women's rights conventions
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Manifest destiny
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ocean to ocean, god's intention for America to extend coast to coast, natural borders
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Tejanos
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Mexicans who live in Texas
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Stephen Austin
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brought first 300 settlers from US into Texas
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Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
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leads first war against people of Texas(including Mexicans and US citizens)
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Texas revolution
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Texas fight for independence
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Alamo
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massacre by ALDSA
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Sam Houston
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forces Santa Anna to sign treaty at san Jacinto
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san Jacinto
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loss for Mexico
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lone star republic
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Texas an independent nation
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annexation
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Kpolk decides to annex Texas, brings into US
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James K. Polk
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sent taylor to texas, annexed texas |
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Nueces river
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Z Taylor sent to Nueces then rio Grande and was attacked
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rio Grande
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River taylor was sent to |
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Zachary Taylor
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idiot that crossed the river |
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Henry David Thoreau
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against war, refused to pay taxes, was arrested, wrote Walden, opposed to slavery. wrote essay on civil disobedience
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Bear flag republic
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California established
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Winfield Scott
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Sent to invade Mexico and capture Mexico city
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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ended Mexico war, gave US Mexican cession
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Mexican Cession
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large chunk of land
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Gadsden Purchase
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another strip of land south of Mexican cession bought for railroad
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Treaty of fort Laramie
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treaty with Indians --> US pays 15k per year to let settlers pass through, AND nobody will settle in Indian land
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forty-niners
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California population explodes, thousands go to Cali in1849
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free soil party
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early anti-slavery party
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henry clay
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1850 compromise
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1850 compromise
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California free state, rest of cession popular sovereignty. Texas loses land and gets money. Slave trade banned in DC. tougher fugitive slave law, DOUGLAS |
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john C Calhoun
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against compromise, slaves should go anywhere
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Daniel Webster
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for compromise, "as an American"
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William Seward
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against compromise, b/c against slavery
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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writes uncle tom's cabin, human face on slavery
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personal liberty laws
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states pass laws to undermine fugitive slave act. Fugitive slaves not held in prison, guaranteed trial, lawyer. tougher kidnapping laws
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Stephen A Douglas
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passes 1850 Compromise, proposes Kansas Nebraska act
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ESSAY
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KANSAS-NEBRASKA AND DRED SCOTT
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Kansas Nebraska act
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popular sovereignty, brings states into union
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bleeding Kansas
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people started fighting over popular sovereignty
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john brown
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Abolitionist in Kansas
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Charles Sumner
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speech denouncing southerners, beat by cane
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republican party
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party dedicated to stopping the spread of slavery, direct result of kansas-nebraska
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john C Fremont
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first republican candidate
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Dred Scott
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slave/free no blacks can be citizens, slaves on free soil aren't free, Missouri compromise unconditional(no right to ban slavery from anyone)
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roger B Taney
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Chief Justice for Dred Scott
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Lincoln Douglas debates
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Douglas avoided question, loses standing. Lincoln becomes well known
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Harper's Ferry
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John Brown plans massive slave revolt, shut down @ harper's ferry
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1860 Election
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Lincoln wins
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Democratic Party
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2 candidates nominated Douglas -- north Breckinridge -- South |
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Stephen Douglas
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Nominated by northern democrats
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John C Breckinridge
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Nominated by southern democrats
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Abraham Lincoln
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republican nominee
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Secession
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South Carolina first state to leave union
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Jefferson Davis
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president of the confederate states of America
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James Buchanan
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President before Lincoln, did nothing to stop secession
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Lincoln's inaugural adress
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will preserve union
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Crittendon Compromise
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last opportunity to avert war
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Napoleon III
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tried to claim mexico
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Richmond
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capitol of confederate states
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draft riot
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New York, madirish people
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bounty
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cash reward for enlistment
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Mary Boykin Chestnut
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diary writer
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clara barton
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nurse during, founded red cross
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Rose O'neal greenhouse
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confederate spy
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Mary Bowser
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african american spy
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Elizabeth blackwell
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first female doctor
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Getting out of draft
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substitutes, pay $300 to get out, slave owners in south exempted
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Lee surrenders to grant at...
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appomatox |
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Lincoln issues Emancipation proclamation after...
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antietam |
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Vicksburg
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confederate strong hold on mississippi
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Andersonville
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prisoner of war camp
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Lee
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confederate commander @ gettysburg
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Grant
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shiloh and donelson
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Meade
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commander @ gettysburg for union
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Sherman
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captures atlanta, marches to sea
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Gettysburg
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turning point of the war
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Martin Delaney
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african american military union officer (surgeon)
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Pickett's charge
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led by pickett on final day of gettysburg
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slaves
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Treated as contaband |
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copperheads
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opposed war(northerners)
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Monitor and merrimack
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ironclad ships that battles
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Black v white union solders
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not paid as much, couldn't become officers, tooklonger to participate in war, treated as fugitive slaves by south
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Consequences
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union preserved, sdtates not allowed to secede, amendment to end slavery, republicans become more powerful, destruction throughout the south
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Strategy
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sneak around back (peninsula) capture capitol, move north
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