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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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totalitarian
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of or pertaining to a centralized government that does not tolerate parties of differing opinion and that exercises dictatorial control over many aspects of life
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Joseph Stalin
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Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition
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Francisco Franco
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Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until death
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Adolf Hitler
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Totalitarian dictator of Germany; his invasion of European countries led to World War II. He believed in the supremacy of the German Aryan race and was responsible for the mass murder of millions of Jews and others in the Holocaust.
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Benito Mussolini
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Italian Fascist leader; he ruled as Italy’s dictator for more than 20 years beginning in 1922 and made Italy a totalitarian state. His alliance with Adolf Hitler brought Italy into World War II.
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Isolationism
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a poicy of remaining apart from the affiairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries
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Women in WWII
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women filled valuable roles in industry, substituting for men who were off to war. Women built ships, planes, and tanks, worked in factories, air raid wardens, driving fire engines, and were plumbers
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Axis Powers
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Axis nations and countries were the nations that fought in WWII against Allied forces
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Allies
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26 nations that fought against the Axis in WWII; signed the chanter of United Nations in San Francisco 1945
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Manhattan Project
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a research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during WWII. It was led by the U.S. with the support of UK and Canada
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Lend-Lease Act
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the material and services supplied by U.S. to its Allies during WWII under an act of Congress passed in 1941; such aid was to be repaid in kind after war
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African Americans in WWII
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over 2.5 million African-American men registered for the draft, and black women also volunteered in large numbers. While serving in the Army, Army Air Forces, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, they experienced discrimination and segregation but met the challenge and perserved
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Battle of Midwar
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naval battle of WWII (June 1942); American planes based on land and on carriers decisively defeated a Japanese fleet on its way to invade the Midway islands
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D-Day
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(June 6, 1944) in WWII on which Allied forced invaded northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy
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Kamikaze
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a Japanese aircraft loaded with explosives and making a deliberate suicidal crash on an enemy target
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Japanese-American Internment
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An action taken by the Federal Government in 1942, after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor and brought U.S. into WWII
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Executive Order 9066
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U.S. presidential executive order signed and issued during WWII by U.S. president, Franklin D. Roosevelt on Feb. 19, 1942, authorizing Secretary of War to prescribe certain areas as military zones
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Nazi's Final SOlution
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the Nazi program of annihilating the Jews of Europe during the 3rd Reich
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Iwo Jima and Okinawa
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key campaigns of WWII the Pacific and Far East battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. U.S. Marines raising the American flag over Mount Suribachi, Iwo Jima, in Feb. 1945. They were both essential battles for Americans in Pacific theatre of WWII, in whih we reclaimed land from Japanese and won
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Auschwitz, Dachau, Bergen-Beiser
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German concentration camps
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Navaho code talkers
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group of Native Americans who served in the U.S. Marine Corps during WWII
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Marshall Plan
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the American initiative to aid Europe, in which the U.S. gave $13 billion in economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of WWII in order to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism
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Kim Il Sung
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Korean solidier and politician who led the Korean People's Army against Japan and served as premier and president of North Korea
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Chaing Kai
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Chinese army officer and political leader; president of the republic of china 1950-75
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Syngman Rhee
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Korean statesman, leader of campaign of independence from Japan; first president of South Korea
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Douglas MacArthur
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American general who served as chief of staff of U.S. army during 1930s and played a role in Pacific theater during WWII
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Korean conflict
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lasted from 1950-53 between North Korea, aided by China, and South Korea, aided by United Nations forces consisting of U.S. troops
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Iron Curtain
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the national barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in eastern Europe in 1989
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Containment
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the action/policy of preventing the expansion of a hostile country/influence
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Joseph McCarthy
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U.S. politician who accused citizens of being Communism
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Harry Truman
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became 33rd president of U.S. in 1948; authorized use of atomic bombs against Japan
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Berlin AIrlift
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an operation by British and American aircraft to airlift food and supplies to Berlin in 1948-1949, while Russian forces blockaded the city to isolate it from the West to terminate the joint Allied military government of the city. After the blockade was lifted, the city was formally divided into East and West Berlin
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Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
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American citizens executed for conspiracy to commit espinoge, relating to passing information about atomic bomb to Soviet Untion
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Richard M. Nixon
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vice president under Eisenhower and 37th president of U.S., resigned after Watergate scandal- 1974
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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U.S. general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi, Germany; 34th president
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duck and cover
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a method of personal protection against the near prompt effects of nuclear explosion
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massive realiation
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military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack
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beat generation
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group of U.S. post-WWII writers who came to prominence in the 50s, as well as the cultural phenomena that they both documents and inspired
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Sputnik
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each of a series of Soviet artificial satellites, the first of which (launched on Oct. 4, 1957) was the 1st satellite to be placed in orbit
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Jonas Salk
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U.S. virologist who developed the Salk vaccine that is injected against polio
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NASA
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the agency of U.S. government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research
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Nikita Khrushchev
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General Secretary of Central Committee of Communist Party of Soviet Union, presiding over country grom 1964-1982
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Lyndon Johnson
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36th president of U.S., a position he assumed after his service as the 37th vice president
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"Great Society"
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a domestic program in the administration of Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs
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Brown v. Board of Education
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case regarding school desegregation, decided by Supreme Court; 1954. The court rules that segregation in public schools is prohibited by the Constitution
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John F. Kennedy
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served as 36th president
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between U.S. and Russia
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Bay of Pigs
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location of a failed attempt by Cuban exiles to invade Cuba in 1961
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Warren Commission
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was established by President Lyndon B. Johnson on November 29, 1963 to investigate the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy that had taken place on November 22, 1963
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Fidel Castro
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Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba
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Lee Harvey Oswald
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United States assassin of President John F. Kennedy
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Martin Luther King
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United States charismatic civil rights leader and Baptist minister who campaigned against the segregation of Blacks
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James Earl Ray
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an American criminal convicted of the assassination of civil rights and anti-war activist Martin Luther King, Jr.
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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A body of Federal laws that protect the rights of different groups of people. Title VII is the part of the act that prohibits employment discrimination.
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Pacification
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an attempt to create or maintain peace. That can mean appeasing a hostile country through diplomacy or even just by settling an argument. A pacifist is someone who is against fighting and wars
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Domino theory
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the theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighboring countries, like a falling domino causing an entire row of upended dominoes to fall
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War Powers Act
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a federal law intended to check the president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of Congress.
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Counterculture
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a way of life and set of attitudes opposed to or at variance with the prevailing social norm.
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American Indian Movement
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a Native American advocacy group in the United States, founded in 1968 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, with an agenda that focuses on spirituality, leadership, and sovereignty
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Ayatollah Khomeini
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Iranian religious leader of the Shiites; when Shah Pahlavi's regime fell Khomeini established a new constitution giving himself supreme powers
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Shah of Iran
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title for the former hereditary monarch of Iran
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Jimmy Carter
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39th President of the United States
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Gerald Ford
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38th President of the United States; appointed vice president and succeeded Nixon when Nixon resigned
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Watergate Scandal
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a major political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s as a result of the June 17, 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C., and the Nixon administration's attempted cover-up of its involvement.
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Apollo 11
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The space vehicle that carried three American astronauts to the moon and back in July 1969. The vehicle consisted of a command module, which stayed in lunar orbit, and a lunar module, which carried two of the three crewmen to a safe landing on the moon.
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Neil Armstrong
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United States astronaut; the first man to set foot on the Moon
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Buzz Aldrin
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a former American astronaut, and the second person to walk on the Moon. He was the lunar module pilot on Apollo 11
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Camp David Accords
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the result of 14 months of diplomatic efforts by Egypt, Israel, and the United States that began after Jimmy Carter became President.
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Soviet invasion of Afganistan
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The Soviet war in Afghanistan lasted nine years from December 1979 to February 1989. Part of the Cold War, it was fought between Soviet-led Afghan forces against multi-national insurgent groups called the Mujahidee
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Spiro T. Agnew
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Vice President of the United States (1969-1973) under Richard M. Nixon. Agnew resigned amid charges of illegal financial dealings during his governorship of Maryland
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Ronald Reagan
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40th President of the United States
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George H. W. Bush
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vice president under Reagan and 41st President of the United States
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1991 Iraqi war
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A war fought in 1991 in which a coalition of countries led by the United States destroyed much of the military capability of Iraq and drove the Iraqi army out of Kuwait
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HIV/AIDS
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AIDS is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by HIV. By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight the organisms that cause disease
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9/11
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The date of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001
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Osama bin Laden
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Arab terrorist who established al-Qaeda
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The Taliban
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an Islamic militant group operating in Afghanistan and western Pakistan. In the late 1990s it made a government, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
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2000 Presidential elections
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It was held on Tuesday, November 7, 2000. The contest was between Republican candidate George W. Bush, the incumbent governor of Texas and son of former president George H. W. Bush, and Democratic candidate Al Gore, the incumbent Vice President.
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Hurricane Katrina
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the deadliest and most destructive Atlantic tropical cyclone of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. It is the costliest natural disaster, as well as one of the five deadliest hurricanes, in the history of the United States.
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2003 Iraqi war
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A protracted military conflict in Iraq that began in 2003 with an attack by a coalition of forces led by the United States and that resulted in the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime.
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Hideki Tojo
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Japanese army officer and politician who ruled as dictator (1941-1944) during World War II and was executed as a war criminal.
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United Nations
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An international organization of countries set up in 1945, in succession to the League of Nations, to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.
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38th parallel
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the line of latitude 38 degrees North (38° N), in East Asia, which roughly marks the border between North Korea and South Korea: set by the U.S. in 1945 as a military boundary, three years before these countries were officially established.
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Warsaw Pact
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A military alliance of communist nations in eastern Europe. Organized in 1955 in answer to NATO, the Warsaw Pact included Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union.
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Peace Corp
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a civilian organization sponsored by the United States government; helps people in developing countries
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Roe v. Wade
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a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of abortion.
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Rosie the Riveter
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a cultural icon of the United States, representing the American women who worked in factories during World War II, many of whom produced munitions and war supplies.
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Blitzkrieg
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an intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory.
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Mein Kampf
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the autobiography of Adolf Hitler, setting forth his political philosophy and his plan for German conquest.
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Radar
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a system for detecting the presence, direction, distance, and speed of aircraft, ships, and other objects, by sending out pulses of high-frequency electromagnetic waves that are reflected off the object back to the source.
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Tuskegee Airmen
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the first African-American military aviators in the United States armed forces.
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Holocaust
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destruction or slaughter on a mass scale, especially caused by fire or nuclear war.
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Hiroshima
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A city of southwest Honshu, Japan, on the Inland Sea west of Osaka. Founded in the 16th century, it was destroyed in World War II by the first atomic bomb used in warfare (August 6, 1945). The rebuilt city is an important commercial and industrial center.
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Guadalcanal
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A volcanic island of the western Pacific Ocean, the largest of the Solomon Islands. Visited by English navigators in 1788, the island became a British protectorate in 1893. It was occupied by the Japanese in World War II, leading to an invasion by U.S. troops in August 1942. After fierce jungle fighting, the island was captured by the Allies in February 1943.
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Wolf packs
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a group of people or things that operate as a hunting and attacking pack, in particular a group of attacking submarines or aircraft.
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Bataan
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a peninsula on W Luzon, in the Philippines: U.S. troops surrendered to Japanese April 9, 1942.
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Mao Zedong
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Chinese Communist leader and theorist. A founder of the Chinese Communist Party (1921), he led the Long March (1934-1935) and proclaimed the People's Republic of China in 1949. As party chairman and the country's first head of state (1949-1959) he initiated the Great Leap Forward and the founding of communes. He continued as party chairman after 1959 and was a leading figure in the Cultural Revolution (1966-1969). In the 1970s he consolidated his political power and established ties with the West.
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Cold War
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a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular.
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House of Un-American Activities
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an investigative committee of the U.S. House of Representatives. Originally created in 1938 to inquire into subversive activities in the U.S., it was reestablished in 1945 as the Committee on Un-American Activities, renamed in 1969 as the Committee on Internal Security, and abolished in 1975.
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Committee
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a group of people appointed for a specific function, typically consisting of members of a larger group.
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NATO
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an organization formed in Washington, D.C. (1949), comprising the 12 nations of the Atlantic Pact together with Greece, Turkey, and the Federal Republic of Germany, for the purpose of collective defense against aggression.
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GI Bill
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A law passed in 1944 that provided educational and other benefits for people who had served in the armed forces in World War II. Benefits are still available to persons honorably discharged from the armed forces.
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Levittown
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An unincorporated community of southeast New York on western Long Island northeast of Hempstead. It was founded in 1947 as a low-cost housing development for World War II veterans. Population: 53,000.
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Interstate Highway System
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a network of freeways that forms a part of the National Highway System of the United States.
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ICBMs
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An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a ballistic missile with a minimum range of more than 5,500 kilometres (3,400 mi) primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery (delivering one or more nuclear warheads).
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New Frontier
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the principles and policies of the liberal wing of the Democratic Party under the leadership of President John F. Kennedy.
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Engel v. Vitale
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a landmark United States Supreme Court case that ruled it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.
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Miranda v. Arizona
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A U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court established the rights of a criminal suspect who has been arrested or is otherwise not free to leave.
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War on Poverty
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the unofficial name for legislation first introduced by United States President Lyndon B. Johnson during his State of the Union address on January 8, 1964. This legislation was proposed by Johnson in response to a national poverty rate of around nineteen percent.
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Jack Ruby
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Jack Ruby was a nightclub owner from Dallas, Texas, who shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald, the accused assassin of President john f. kennedy, two days after Kennedy's assassination in Dallas.
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Earl Warren
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served as the fourteenth chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1953 to 1969. A former prosecutor, state attorney general, and governor of California, Warren previously had not served as a judge.
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