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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Common Good?
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Something that is in the best interests of a group or a majority of people but not necessarily best for each person. "Sacrifice for the common good"
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Neutrality Act of 1935?
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Congress outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war or in a civil war (like Spain's Civil War)
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Neutrality Act of 1939
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US pledges to remain neutral in WWII but has a "cash and carry" policy for arms.
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What was the "cash and carry" policy under the Neutrality Act of 1939
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US will sell arms to allies for cash only and the buyers carries the weapons away.
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Lend Lease Act of 1941?
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US lends or leases weapons and supplies to any country whose defense was vital to the US
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Why did Congress pass Lend Lease?
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Because the countries in Europe fighting Germany were losing and running out of money but the US wanted to remain neutral but still help so they devised this loan policy.
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What happened on December 7, 1941?
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Attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan.
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What was the effect of the Pearl Harbor attack?
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US enters WWII, US also loses many destroyers, other ships.
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Battle of the Coral Sea?
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May 7, 1942
US and Japan fight first big battle, US stops the Japanese navy on their advance to Australia. |
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Battle of Midway?
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June 3, 1942
"turning point of the war in the Pacific" US defeats Japan, Japan loses 4 destroyers, 250 planes. After Midway, the US begins to attack the islands in the Pacific held by Japan, moving close to Japan. |
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D-day?
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June 6, 1944
Allies attack Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France. Huge battle, huge losses for all, force Germany to fight war on two fronts, eventually leads to victory. |
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Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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August 6, 1945 Hiroshima
August 9, 1945 Nagasaki Forced Japan surrender. Controversial because of huge death toll and use of nuclear weapons. (See p 585 in book) |
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Name 4 turning points in WWII
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Coral Sea
Midway D-Day Atomic Bomb |
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List 4 examples of US neutrality in WWII
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Neutrality Act of 1935
Neutrality Act of 1939 Lend Lease Naval Bases for Destroyers Exchange |
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What was the Naval Bases for Destroyers exchange?
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US and Britain, 1940
Britain gives US land for naval bases around the world, US gives Britain destroyers. |
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Name three post WWII foreign policy goals
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Division of Germany
Marshall Plan Truman Doctrine |
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What was the Division of Germany?
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West Germany was controlled by the Allies, East Germany controlled by Soviet Union. Berlin (located in East Germany) was divided into East and West Berlin.
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What was the Marshall Plan?
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US gave aid to any Western European country after WWII to help rebuild. US spent more than $13 billion to help rebuild.
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What was the Truman Doctrine?
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US will aid any country or people in a country who are resisting armed minorities or outside presences (like communists)
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What was the Eisenhower Doctrine?
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US will defend the Middle East against anti communist attack.
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What was Kennedy's "brinkmanship" doctrine?
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US is willing to go all out, including use nuclear weapons, do defeat or contain communism around the globe.
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What was Nixon's doctrine of "detante"
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Cooling off the action and heated rhetoric against the communists, opening dialogue.
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What new alliances and organizations were formed after WWII?
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United Nations and NATO
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What is the United Nations?
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founded in 1945, new world peacekeeping group
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What is NATO?
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North American Treaty Organization: first peace time alliance for the US, pledges mutual defense among the 12 countries.
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What was the economic impact of WWII on the US?
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1. end the depression
2. expand the economy, war time expansion, then consumer expansion in the 50s 3. US becomes number 1 economy and country in world. |
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What actions did the government take at home during WWII to promote the war?
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increased taxes to fund the war
sold war bonds to fund the war propaganda posters to encourage people to support the war and the troops rationing of supplies at home War Production Board: oversaw changing factories from consumer to war production Office of War Management |
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What was the impact of WWII on women?
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1. more women work outside home, new types of jobs, new independence.
2. new roles for women led to beginning of women's rights movement, especially in 50s 3. women served in auxiliary war units (WACS) |
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What was the impact of WWII on blacks?
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1. fought for US but in segregated units
2. restarted civil right for African Americans- 3. made blacks more aware of the discrimination at home |
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What was the impact of WWII on Japanese American
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deprivation of civil liberties in the internment camps, loss of property rights
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Who was A. Phillip Randolph?
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Early civil rights leader during WWII, organized a DC march, got Roosevelt to issue executive order forbidding discrimination in the defense industry.
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Who desegregated the military?
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Truman
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What was the GI Bill of Rights?
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Under Truman, returning veterans received payment for eduction and unemployment pay while looking for work.
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Why did people move to the suburbs in the 1950's?
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More land, cars and the highway system made commuting to work possible, own homes, build new communities, mostly whites leaving the city.
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What impact did the growth of the highway system have?
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growth of suburbs
growth of trucking industry new towns along highways dependence on car and oil |
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What was Johnson's Great Society program's purpose?
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end poverty, improve life for average Americans, civil rights
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What were the big programs in the Great Society?
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965 Medicare and Medicaid Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 Education, Environment and Transportation legislation |
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What was Brown v. Board of Education?
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segregation in schools was unconstitutional. Thurgood Marshall argued and won this case.
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Name the key leaders in the civil rights movement
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Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, Thurgood Marshall, A. Phillip Randolph, Malcom X
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What methods were used in the civil rights movement?
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civil disobedience
sit ins freedom rides marches boycotts court cases |
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Describe the competing opinions about civil rights
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Segregationists: separate, unequal treatment of blacks and whites, mainly South
Civil Rights Activists: blacks and whites, advocating civil rights, including voting rights, housing, education, end to public segregation |
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Describe key actions in the Civil Rights movement
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montgomery bus boycotts
sit ins March on Selma Little Rock Nine James Meredith Voter registration/Freedom Summer |
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Describe key legislation in Civil Rights movement
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1957 Civil Rights Act
1964 Civil Rights Act 1965 Voting Rights Act Formation of the EEOC 24th and 26th Amendment to Constitution 1968 Civil Rights Act: end housing discrimination |
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Name three results of Civil Rights movement
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end of segregated public spaces
voting, more black voters registered better educational opportunities in desegregated schools |
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Civil Rights for Native Americans?
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AIM
Self Determination act of 1972 Self Education Act use of courts to return tribal lands raise revenue by gambling on tribal lands |
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Civil Rights for Latinos?
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Unions for farm workers, Caesar Chavez
Latino politician and La Raza Unida Chicano studies |
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Civil Rights for Women?
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Betty Freidan and NOW
elected female officials, Geraldine Ferraro, Hilary Clinton ERA |
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Demographic trends in 1950s
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baby boom,
after baby boom, rise in divorce rates, single parent families |
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1950 popular culture?
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suburbia
conformity rock n roll consumerism |
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1960 popular culture
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Beatniks
counterculture protest on college campuses against Vietnam War |
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What is communism?
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social and political state based on a one party system and state ownership of property
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What is the policy of containment?
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US foreign policy in Cold War of taking whatever measures, military or civilian, necessary around the world to stop the expansion of communism.
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Who authored the containment policy?
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George Kennan
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What was the Cold War?
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1945-1990, US v Soviet Union, a series of wars and policy battle around the world that pitted democracy against communism.
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What were 5 military conflicts in the Cold War?
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Berlin Blockade
Korean War Vietnam War Cuban Missile Crisis Nicaragua: Contra v. Sandanista |
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What was McCarthyism?
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anti communist scares in the US. McCarthy was a senator from Wisconsin, he used the charge of being communist or soft on communism to investigate, try or smear many people in the 1950s.
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What was the Red Scare?
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looking for Communist spies in the US State department and other US government agencies.
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What happened in the Berlin Blockade?
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In 1948, the Soviet Union block supply routes into West Berlin. The US flew supplies for 327 days to the people of West Berlin.
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What happened in the Korean War?
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North Korea, supported by communist China, attacked South Korea, supported by US. Big War, ended in a tie, 39th parallel dividing the communist north and the democratic south.
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What happened in Vietnam?
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North Vietnam, communist. South Vietnam a monarch, US supported. Huge, long, costly, unpopular war. Finally ends in 1972. No winner.
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What were the policy goals of the US in Vietnam?
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Defeat the communist north vietnam.
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What was the Gulf of Tonkin resolution?
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Congressional resolution that gave Johnson broad powers in Vietnam for military action but it was not a declaration of war by Congress.
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What was the War Powers Act?
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Congressional Act that modified Gulf of Tonkin resolution, it said that the president must notify Congress within 48 hours of sending military troops to an area.
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What gave the president broad powers during Vietnam?
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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What restricted the president's powers after Vietnam?
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War Powers Act, 1973
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How was the Vietnam War perceived at home?
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at first support but then protests, especially on college campuses and against the draft. Example, Kent State.
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What was the role of the media in Vietnam?
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very active, they managed the information getting to the public and it was their stories and pictures that brought home the horrors of the war, helped move public opinion against the war.
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What is detente?
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Nixon and Kissenger's policy of easing tension between superpowers. Examples are SALT I treaty with Soviet Union and the first visit to China in 1972.
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What is SALT I?
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Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty, between US and Soviet Union, first arms reduction of the cold war, limited intercontinental ballistic missiles and missiles on submarines.
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What are the Camp David Accords?
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Under Carter, Israel, US and Egypt sign peace treaty. Israel to withdraw from the Sinai, Egypt recognizes Israel's right to exist.
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What impact did the OPEC oil embargo have?
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Price of gas in US increase by four times: gas shortages, gas line, led to fuel efficiency rules for cars and early energy acts under Carter.
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Why is OPEC cut off oil production?
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To retaliate against Israel and allies (United States) for the Yom Kippur War.
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What is US relationship with Israel?
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Ally. Protect Israel, supply weapons, tries to broker peace in the Middle East.
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What was the Yom Kippur War?
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1973
Syria and Egypt attack Israel on Yom Kippur. Intense, short war. US brokers peace. |
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What was the Persian Gulf War?
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1991
Iraq invaded Kuwait. US and allies mount counterattack, invade Kuwait, defeat Iraq. |
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Why did the US get involved with Kuwait?
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Oil
Worried about Iraq becoming too powerful in Middle East. |
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When did the Soviet Union break up?
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1991
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What happened when the Soviet Union broke up?
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Russia was the main country
Satellite countries tried to regain independence. Poland went to democracy. Some Eastern European countries split into ethnic nations like Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia. |
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What are entitlement policies?
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Government programs that give money or opportunities, like jobs, or benefits, like medical care, to certain people.
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Give three examples of presidential entitlement policies?
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New Deal
Fair Deal Great Society |
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Who was Thurgood Marshall?
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Lead lawyer for the NAACP, first black supreme court justice, argued and won Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
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What were four ways to achieve civil rights?
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Legal System
Leadership Legislation Proven Action/Methods |
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Why did Johnson withdraw as the democratic candidate for the 1968 election?
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domestic opposition to Vietnam split the democratic party, he could not win the nomination.
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Did the Carter and Reagan administrations follow the policy of detente?
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No, for Carter, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan restarted the Cold War. Reagan was all about strong defense, keep fighting the Soviets.
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What were two positive things that came out of the Cuban MIssile Crisis
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the hot line: direct communication between US and Soviet Union
The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963 |
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What was the most dangerous moment in the Cold War?
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The Cuban Missile Crisis
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What government policy is associated with the Korean War?
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containment
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When was Israel founded?
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1948
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What were three goals behind the founding of Israel?
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a home for the Jewish people after the Holocaust
a foothold for democracy in the Middle East protection of US access to Middle East Oil |
