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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Benito Mussolini
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Fascist prime minister who came to power in 1922 and ruled Italy as an absolute dictator; chose to ally himself with Hitler during World War II; later overthrown in a coup orchestrated by some of his subordinates and executed by Italian partisans
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Joseph Stalin
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General secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death in 1953; succeeded in holding the country together and inspiring an awesome resistance against Germany, which ultimately forced a German retreat; his regime in the USSR was just as brutal as the Nazi regime in many ways, and the alliance between Stalin and the Western Allies was tenuous because of mutual distrust
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Adolf Hitler
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Chancellor and self-proclaimed Führer, or “leader,” of Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945; leader of the far-right Nazi Party in the 1920s; achieved absolute power and maintained it throughout his time as chancellor; committed suicide together with his wife, Eva Braun, in his bunker in Berlin
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Hideki Tojo
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Hideki Tojo was Prime Minister of Japan when the attack on Pearl Harbour took place plunging the Far East into a war which was to end with the destruction of Hiroshima in August 1945. For his part in leading Japan into World War Two, Tojo was executed as a war criminal.
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Allies
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United States, Great Britain, & Soviet Union
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Axis Powers
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Germany, Japan, & Italy
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Francisco Franco
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Francisco Franco, leader of Spain, declared Spain to be neutral and did not formally take part in World War 2. Informally the Spaniards did help both the Nazis and the Allied Forces. They helped Jews and downed airmen make it to freedom from their shores. Ships were allowed to pick them up in Spain. The Spaniards did not stop them and often contacted England for them. The assistance they gave the Nazis was small in comparison.
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Neville Chamberlain
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The prime minister of Britain from 1937 to 1940, who advocated a policy of appeasement toward the territorial demands of Nazi Germany
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Charles de Gaulle
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French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile
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Winston Churchill
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The prime minister of Britain during most of World War 2 who was among the most active leaders in resisting German aggression and played a major role in assembling the Allied Powers
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Pearl Harbor
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(Dec. 7, 1941) Japanese forces invade the island of Pearl Harbor and attack U.S. forces. This attack was meant to prevent the U.S. from interfering with the Japanese navy in the United Kingdom. A major loss for the U.S. and led us into WW ll
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Battle of Britain
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campaign of the German air force (Luftwaffe) vs. the United Kingdoms (Royal Air Force). First major campaign to be fought with air forces. The Battle of Britain was the most sustained and aerial bombing campaign of WWll.
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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A U.S. Army general who held the position of supreme Allied commander in Europe, among many others; perhaps best known for his work in planning Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Europe; later elected to two terms as U.S. president, taking office in 1953
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Douglas MacArthur
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American general that commanded in the Pacific in WWll and led us in the Korean War. He helped us take over the Philippines and gave them their independence. Was in charge of the United Nations forces in the Korean War before getting fired by Truman
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Robert Oppenheimer
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Director of the Manhattan Project and worked on developing the atomic bomb in WWll.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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32nd President that led the U.S. through the Great Depression & WWll. His career lasted from Nov 1932 - April 1945. Created the New Deal to relieve the unemployed/poor, recover the economy to normal levels, & to reform the financial system to prevent another depression
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Harry Truman
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The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Roosevelt upon his death in April 1945; best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945; after the war, Truman was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which accelerated Western Europe’s economic recovery
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Manhattan Project
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FDR's attempt to build the atomic bomb before Hitler did. Albert Einstein warned FDR that Germany was seeking in building a nuclear weapon. This project was conducted by Robert Oppenheimer.
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Battle of Midway
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Naval battle between the U.S. & Japan in WWll. First loss for the Japanese navy & considered the turning point of WWll.
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Hiroshima & Nagasaki
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(August 6 & 9, 1945) The U.S. drops the atomic bomb on Japan leaving devastating effects. The aircraft that led the bomb was the Enola Gay. FDR made the decision to drop the bomb on Japan hoping to end the war.
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Nuremburg Trials
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After the end of World War II, the Allies tried 22 top Nazi officials for crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity
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Pacific Theater
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The part of the war that was fought in Asia and the Pacific. Mainly fought between Japanese and U.S. forces. The Philippines, Australia, New Guinea, Netherlands, & Guam were part of this.
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European Theater
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The European theater was an area of heavy fighting across Europe, during WWll. Allied forces fought the Axis Powers in three theaters: the Eastern front, the Western front and the Mediterranean Theatre.
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Harry Truman
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The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded FDR upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. Truman, who led the country through the last few months of WWll, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. After the war, Truman was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated western Europe's economic recovery.
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D-Day
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(June 6, 1944) - led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. the turning point of WWll. V-J Day (Aug 15, 1945)
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Korean War
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Conflict that began with North Korea's invasion of South Korea and came to involve the United Nations (primarily the US) allying with South Korea and the People's Republic of China allying with North Korea.
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38th parallel
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line that divided Korea - Soviet Union occupied the north and US occupied the south, during the cold war.
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Communist
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person believes government should control businesses and operate for the benefit of all citizens - land, factories, railroads, businesses, etc. are shared equally by all
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NATO
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(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - An alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries
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Warsaw
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Treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the iron curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania
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Capitolism
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An economic system based on private or corporate ownership of goods, private control of investments, and competition for goods and services in a free market.
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Truman Doctrine
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President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology
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Berlin Airlift
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(Blockade of West Berlin) Airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of West Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin
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Francis Gary Powers
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american pilot that is shot down over the soviet union; us had been sending spy planes over russia for over 3 and a half years; when this plane is shot down eisenhower denied sending the spies but after investigation the russians uncover enough photos and evidence to force eisenhower to take responsibility for his actions; right before the east-west summit a meeting in paris between eisenhower and khrushchev; great embarrassment to us
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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an international crisis in october 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the u.s. and the ussr. when the u.s. discovered soviet nuclear missiles on cuba, president john f. kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the soviet leader khrushchev acceded to the u.s. demands a week later.
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GI Bill of Rights
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also known as servicemen's readjustment act of 1944 gave money to veternas to study in colleges, universities, gave medical treatment, loans to buy a house or farm or start a new business
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Consumerism
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a movement advocating greater protection of the interests of consumers
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Marshall Plan
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a united states program of economic aid for the reconstruction of europe (1948-1952)
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Domino Theory
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the political theory that if one nation comes under communist control then neighboring nations will also come under communist control
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Joseph McCarthy
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united states politician who unscrupulously accused many citizens of being communists (McCarthyism)
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Julius Rosenberg
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convicted in 1951 of giving atomic bomb data found by american scientists to the soviet union; only americans ever executed during peacetime for espionage
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John F. Kennedy
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(1961 - 1963) 35th president of the US. led us through the Cold War, part of the Vietnam War, Cuban Missile Crisis, in charge of the Bay of Pigs invasion, established peace corps, and was part of the Apollo Space program. Assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald to prove his love for Marilyn Monroe
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Robert Kennedy
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presidential candidate of 1968 & attorney general of JFK; (JFK administration) very pro civil rights and wanted to fix the economy. would have captured democratic nomination but was assassinated by sirhan sirhan after victory speech during the california primary in june 1968.
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Peace Corps
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(jfk) , volunteers who help third world nations and prevent the spread of communism by getting rid of poverty, africa, asia, and latin america
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Warren Commission
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the u.s. commission in charge with investigating the assassination of jfk. it came to the conclusion that oswald was alone in his actions and advised to reform presidential security measures.
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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(1963 - 1969) became president after kennedy's assassination and reelected in 1964; democrat; signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law, promoted his "great society" plan, part of which included the "war on poverty", medicare and medicaid established; vietnam: gulf of tonkin resolution, tet offensive
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Jack Ruby
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this night club owner assassinated lee harvey oswald on november 24, 1963
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Flexible Response
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policy of having the option of using either nuclear or conventional forces in responce to a threat
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Berlin Wall
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a wall separating east and west berlin built by east germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the west
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New Frontier
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the campaign program advocated by jfk in the 1960 election. he promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights.
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Barry Goldwater
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1964; republican contender against lbj for presidency; platform included lessening federal involvement, therefore opposing civil rights act of 1964; lost by largest margin in history
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War Powers Act
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act that grants emergency executive powers to president to run war effort
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George Wallace
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racist gov. of alabama in 1962 ("segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever"); runs for pres. in 1968 on american independent party ticket of racism and law and order, loses to nixon; runs in 1972 but gets shot
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Tonkin Gulf Resolution
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this gave the president authority to take "all neccessary measures to repel any armed attack against forces of the united states."
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Ho Chi Minh
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1950s and 60s; communist leader of north vietnam; used geurilla warfare to fight anti-comunist, american-funded attacks under the truman doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable
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Richard Nixon
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president of the united states from 1969 to 1974 who followed a foreign policy marked by détente with the soviet union and by the opening of diplomatic relations with china. in the face of likely impeachment for the watergate scandal, he resigned.
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Rolling Thunder
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bombing campaign escalating against north vietnam. target was the ho chi minh trail, and network of trails, bridges, and shelters in north vietnam to cambodia and laos to south viet. this bombing had little affect on vietcong and they began to make underground tunnel systems.
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Vietnamization
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president richard nixons strategy for ending u.s involvement in the vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawl of american troops and replacement of them with south vietnamese forces
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ARVN
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army of the republic of south vietnam
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Pentagon Papers
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a 7,000-page top-secret united states government report on the history of the internal planning and policy-making process within the government itself concerning the vietnam war.
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Earl Warren
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chief justice during the 1950's and 1960's who used a loose interpretation to expand rights for both african-americans and those accused of crimes.
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Brown vs Board of Education
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1954- court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. overturned plessy v. ferguson (1896)
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Thurgood Marshall
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american civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the supreme court of the united states. marshall was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor.
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De Facto/Dejure Segregation
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racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement / segregation that is imposed by law
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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this act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places.
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
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federal law that increased government supervision of local election practices, suspended the use of literacy tests to prevent people (usually african americans) from voting, and expanded government efforts to register voters.
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Civil Rights Act of 1968
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this law banned discrimination in housing, the segregation of education, transprotation, and employment, it helped african americans gain their full voting rights.
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saturday night massacre
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a night in which many of nixon's top ranking officials resigned or were fired because of the watergate scandal
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Gerald Ford
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the first president to be solely elected by a vote from congress. he entered the office in august of 1974 when nixon resigned. he pardoned nixon of all crimes that he may have committed. the vietnam war ended in 1975, in which ford evacuated nerely 500,000 americans and south vietnamese from vietnam. he closed the war.
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Dates of Hiroshima, D-Day, V-J Day, Pearl Harbor, V-E Day, & WWll Begins.
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Aug 6, 1945 ; June 6, 1944 ; Aug 15, 1945 ; Dec 7, 1941 ; May 8, 1945 ; Sept 1, 1939 - Sept 2, 1945
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Presidents from Teddy Roosevelt & On
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Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)
William H. Taft (1909-1913) Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) Warren G. Harding (1921-1923) Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929) Herbert Hoover (1929-1933) Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) Harry S. Truman (1945-1953) Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961) John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969) Richard M. Nixon (1969-1974) Gerald R. Ford (1974-1977) Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) George H. W. Bush (1989-1993) Bill Clinton (1993-2001) George W. Bush (2001-2009) |
