U.s. History Final

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UNIT ONE:
COMMON SENSE/THOMAS PAINE

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a pamphlet written by Thomas paine that criticized monarcies and convinced many Americans colonists of the need to break away from Britain

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UNIT1:
AMENDMENT

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1. a minor change in a document
2. a change of addition to a legal or statutory document

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UNIT 1:
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

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1. 1777
2. the document that created the first central government for the U.S. and it was replaced by the Constitution in 1789.

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UNIT 1:
THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

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1. Congress
2. MAKES LAWS

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UNIT 1 :
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

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1. the president and the departments that help run the government
2. carries out the laws.

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UNIT 1:
THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

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1. supreme court and any other lower courts
2. interprets the laws as they relate to the Constitution.

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UNIT 1:
BILL OF RIGHTS

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1. the first 10 amendments to the Constitution.
2. RATIFIED IN 1791

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UNIT 1:
ANTI-FEDERALISTS

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people who supported the ratification of the Constitution.

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UNIT 1:
THE GREAT COMPROMISE

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1.1787
2. The agreement that established that a state's population would determine representation in the lower house of the lLegislature while each state would have equal representation in the upper class.

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UNIT 1:
SONS OF LIBERTY

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1.1766
2. A political group made up of American patriots that originated in the pre-independence North American colonies.
3. known for the undertaking of the Boston Tea Party,

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UNIT 1:
BOSTON TEA PARTY

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1. December 16, 1773
2. a direct action by colonists in Boston against the British government and the monopolistic East India Company that controlled all the tea imported to the colonies
3. refused to return tea, dressed as Indians then dumped tea into bay.

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UNIT 1:
THOMAS JEFFERSON

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1. third president
2. author of Declaration of Independence
founding father
purchased the Louisiana Purchase

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UNIT 1:
NORTHWEST ORDINANCE OF 1787

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1.put the world on notice not only that the land north of the Ohio river and east of the Mississippi would be settles but that it would eventually become part of the U.S.
2. increased westward expansion
3. gained states/ rivers

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UNIT 1:
THE GREAT COMPROMISE

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1.1787
2. an agreement that established that a state's population would determine representation in the lower house of the legislature while each state would have equal repsentation in the upper house.

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UNIT 2:
SECTIONALISM

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1.devotion to the interests of one geographic region over the interests of the entire country.

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UNIT 2: ABOLITION MOVEMENT

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1. movement to end slavery in the U.S.

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UNIT 2:
POPULAR SOVERIGNTY

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1.the idea that political authority belongs tot he people

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UNIT 2: LOUISIANA PURCHASE

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1. the purchase of land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountatins that doubled the size of the U.S.

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UNIT 2: LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION

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1.an expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark that began in 1804 to explore the Louisiana Purchase.
2. Thomas Jefferson wanted them to go.

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UNIT 2: MONROE DOCTRINE

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1.1823
2. president James Monroe's statement for bidding further colonization in the Americas and declaring that any attempt by a foreign country to colonize would be considered an act of hostility

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UNIT 2: MANIFEST DESTINY

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1. a bellet shared by many Americans in the mid- 1800s that the United States should expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean.

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UNIT 2: ANDREW JOHNSON

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1. 1808-1875
2. American politician who became the 17th president of the U.S. upon assasination of Lincoln. He was impeached for his unpopular ideas about Reconstruction and held onto the office by a one-vote margin.

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UNIT 2:RADICAL REPUBLICANS

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1. members of COngress who felt that southern states needed to make great social changes before they could be re-admitted to the Union.

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UNIT 2:ABE LINCOLN

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1. 1809-1865
2. 16th president of the U.S. that promoted equal rights for Amfican Americans in the famous Lincoln-Douglas Debates
3. issued the Emancipation Proclamation
4. set in motion the Civil War
5. tried to preserve the Union.

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UNIT 2:JEFFERSON DAVIS

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1. 1808-1889
2. First and only pres. of the Confederate states of America after the election of pres. Abe Lincoln in 1860 led to secession of many southern states.

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UNIT 2:ULYSSES GRANT

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1. 1822-1885
2. recieved a field of promotion to lieutendant general in charge of all Union forces.
3. ended the Civil War.

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UNIT 2:ROBERT E. LEE

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1. 1807-1870
2. American general
3. refused Lincoln's offer of the head in the Union Army
4. successfully led several major battles until his defeat at Gettysburg.
5. surrendered to the Union's general at Appomattox Courthouse

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UNIT 2:KANSAS- NEBRASKA ACT

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1. 1854
2. a law that allowed voters in Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether or not to allow slavery.

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UNIT 2:DREDSCOTT CASE

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1. 1857
2. U.S. supreme court ruling that African Americans were not U.S. citizens and that Missouri COmpromise restricts slavery and was unconstitutional.
3.congress didn't have the right to ban slavery in any federal territory

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UNIT 2:MISSOURI COMPROMISE

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1. 1820
2. agreement that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine to enter as a free state
3. outlawd slavery in any territories/states north of a certain latitude

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UNIT 2: COMPROMISE OF 1850

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1. Henry Clay's proposed agreement that allowed California to enter the Union as a free state and divided the rest of the Mexican cession into 2 territories where slavery would be decided by popular soverignty

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UNIT 2: BLEEDING KANSAS

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1.1865
2. nickname given to Kansas after violence erupted between anti-slavery and pro slavery groups.

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UNIT 2: INDIAN REMOVAL ACT

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1. 1830
2. a congressinal act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River.

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UNIT 2:TRAIL OF TEARS

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1.1838-1839
2. an 800 mile forced march made by the Cherokee from thier homeland in Georgia to Indian territory

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CHAPTER 13: AMERICANIZATION

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1. process in which native americans werer foorced to abandon thier traditonal cultures and adopt the culture of white America.

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CHAPTER 13: SOD HOUSE

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1. home bulit from squares of turd and soil of the prairie, stacked up like bricks

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CHAPTER 13:EXODUSTERS

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1. African Americans who settled western lands in the late 1800s

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CHAPTER 13:GEORGE CUSTER

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1.1839-1876
2. American army officer in the Civil war that became a Native American fighter in the west and was killed with his troops in the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

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CHAPTER 13: WOUNDED KNEE MASSACRE

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1.1890
2. the U.S. army's killing of approx. 300 Sioux at wounded knee creek in South Dakota

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CHAPTER 13:BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS

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1. BIA
2. the federal agency that managed the Native American reservations

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CHAPTER 13: DAWES ACT

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1. 1887
2. legislation passed by Congress that split up Indian reservation lands among individual Indians and promised them citizenship.

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CHAPTER 13:HOMESTEAD ACT

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1.1862
2. law passes by Congress to encourage settlement in the West by giving government- owned land to small farmers

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CHAPTER 13:MORRILL ACT

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1.1862
2. a federal law passes by Congress that gave land to western states to encourage them to build colleges.

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CHAPTER 14/15: ELLIS ISLAND

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1. an island in New York harbor that was an entrance point for immigrants coming to the U.S. betweeen 1892 and 1954.

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CHAPTER 14/15: ANGEL ISLAND

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1. an island in the San Francisco bay that was an entry point for many Asian immigrants to the U.S. beginning in 1910.

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CHAPTER 14/15: URBANIZATION

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1.the physical growth of rural/natural land.
2. to make more "city-like"

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CHAPTER 14/15: WHO FOUNDED THE HULL HOUSE AND WHAT WAS IT?

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1. JANE ADAMS
2. designed for people who are in need.

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CHAPTER 14/15: WHAT IS A SETTLEMENT HOUSE AND WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE?

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1. a neighborhood based institution that strives to enhance the lives and welfar of people in the community
2. HULL HOUSE

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CHAPTER 14/15: LYNCHING

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1. the murder of an individual by a group or mob.

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CHAPTER 14/15: MASS TRANSIT

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1.public transportation systems that carry large numbers of people

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CHAPTER 14/15: SOCIAL DARWINISM

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1. a view of society based on Charles Darwin's scientific theory of natural selection.

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CHAPTER 14/15: POLL TAX

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1. a special tax taht a person had to pay in order to vote.

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CHAPTER 14/15: BESSEMER PROCESS

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1.1. a process developed in the 1850's that led to faster, cheaper steal production

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CHAPTER 14/15: TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD

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1. a railroad system that crossed the coontinental U.S.

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CHAPTER 14/15: PLESSY V. FERGUSON

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1.1896
2. U.S. Supreme Court case that established the seperate- but- equal- doctrine for public facilities.

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CHAPTER 14/15: HENRY FORD

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1. 1863-1947
2. American business leader that revolutionized factory production through use of the assembly line and popularized the affordable automobile.

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CHAPTER 14/15: ANDREW CARNEGIE

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1. 1935-1919
2. American industrialist and humanitarian that focused his attention on steel making and made a fourtune through his vertical integration method.

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CHAPTER 14/15: JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER

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1. 1839-1937
2. American industrialist and philanthropoist that made a fortune in the oil business
3. used vertical/horizontal integration to establish a monopoly on the steel business.

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CHAPTER 14/15: CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT

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1. law that banned Chinese immigration for 10 years declaring that no Chinese people already in the U.S. could become citizens.

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CHAPTER 14/15: URBAN WORKING CLASS

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1. social class made up of poor and uneducated workers

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CHAPTER 14/15: WILLIAM MARCY TWEED

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1. 1823-1878
2. American politicain that gained control of New York City's Tammany Hall.
3. he became known as Boss Tweed
4. convicted of stealing from the NYC treasury.

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CHAPTER 16: REFERENDUM

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1. a procedure that allows voters to approve or reject a law already proposed or passed by government

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CHAPTER 16: TEMPERENCE MOVEMENT

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1.1. a social reform effort begun in the mid-1800s to encourage people to drink less alcohol.

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CHAPTER 16: INITIATIVE

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1. allows citizens to propose new laws.

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CHAPTER 16: PROHIBITION

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1.a ban on alcohol that became law in 1920; the ban was lifted in 1933.

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CHAPTER 16: RECALL

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1. a vote to remove an offical from office.

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CHAPTER 16: SUFFRAGE

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1.the right to vote in political elections

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CHAPTER 16: IDA B. TARBELL

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1.wrote magazines and books such as the "History of Standard Oil"
2. this was a MUCKRAKING to Rockefeller's oil empire

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CHAPTER 16: NWSA

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1. national women's suffrage association
2. Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton Catt
3. for Wilson but still wanted rights

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CHAPTER 16: ALICE PAUL

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1.American social reformer that was the founder of the NAWSA

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CHAPTER 16: TEDDY'S SQUARE DEAL

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1. TO CHANGE THE WORLD
..... health, saftey, trusts, and better working conditions.

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CHAPTER 16: WCTU

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1. Womens Christian Temperence Union
2. Frances Willard was the leader also with carry nation.. she was the hatchet lady.
3. HATED ALCOHOL.

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CHAPTER 16: 19TH AMENDMENT

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1. anyone can vote.... MEN OR WOMEN
2. regards U.S. citizen's rights

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CHAPTER 16: 17TH AMENDMENT

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1. voters elect thier own senators directly

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CHAPTER 16: MUCKRAKERS

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1. A TERM COINED FOR JOURNALISM WHO "RAKED UP" AND EXPOSED CORRUPTION AND PROBLEMS OF SOCIETY.

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CHAPTER 16: 18TH AMENDMENT

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1. 1920
2. PROHIBITION that was evntually RATIFIED in 1933.

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CHAPTER 16: PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT

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1. law that made sure that everything was contained and no harmful ingredients are used.

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CHAPTER 16: THE JUNGLE/UPTON SINCLAIR

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1.a novel taht exposed harsh confitions of the meat-packing industry.

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CHAPTER 16: FRANCES WILLIARD

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1.1839-1898
2. Temperance and women's suffrage advocate and was a leader in the WCTU

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CHAPTER 16: TEDDY ROOSEVELT

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1. 26th pres
2. leader during Progressive movement

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CHAPTER 16: ROBERT LaFOLLETTE

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1. 1855-1925
2. progressive american politician that was active in local Wisconsin issues and challenged party bosses.
3. as govenor, he began the reform program called the Wisconsin idea to make state government more professional

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CHAPTER 16: SUSAN B. ANTHONY

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1. 1820-1906
2. american socail reformer that was an activist in the temerance, abolitionist, and women's suffrage movemnets and was the co-organizer of the NWSA

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CHAPTER 16: TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FACTORY FIRE

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1.fire in NYC that killed many women while working

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CHAPTER 16: PROGRESSIVISM

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1. group of reform movements of the late 1800s that focused on urban problems, the plight of workers, and corrupt political machines.

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CHAPTER 16: IDA B. WELLS

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1. african american
2. fearless anti-lynching crusader, suffragist, woman's rights advocate, journalist, and speaker.
3. defender of democracy

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CHAPTER 16: FLORENCE KELLEY

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1.an American social and political reformer. Her work against sweatshops, minimum wage, 8 hr work days, and children's rights is what she is known for.

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CHAPTER 17: IMPERIALISM

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1.the practice of extending a nation's power by gaining territories for a colonial empire

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CHAPTER 17: YELLOW JOURNALISM

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1. the reporting of exaggerated stories in newspapers to increase sales.

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CHAPTER 17: ROUGH RIDERS

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1.a cavalry regiment organized by Teddy Roosevelt.

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CHAPTER 17: OPEN DOOR POLICY

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1. a policy established by the U.S. in 1899 to promote equal access for all nations to trade with China