Us History Depression And New Deals

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Literature of the 30s

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mysteries with intricate plots; Agatha Crysty

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Board Games of the 30s

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Monopoly - people lived through the game
Scrabble created by Alfred Butts

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Who was Lucky Luciano?

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Sicilian immigrant mobster; started "National Crime Sindicate"; invented The Commission (Supreme Court of the Mafia); deported for drug trafficking; "Lucky" b/c survived a limo beating

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Significance of the Hindinberg?

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largest Hydrogen blimp; luxury "cruiser"; 37 deaths

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Science in the 30s

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Pluto is discovered; Penecillan is found; first splitting of the atom leading to the atom bomb

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Art of the 30s

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very divergent (diverse); reflected the depression; Picasso; Photography boom

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Basketball in the 30s

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greatly affected by depression; college basketball really vamped up

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Wheaties boxes in the 30s

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started by Washburn Crosby; bought by General Mills; athletes begin endorsing in 1934; Babe Ruth

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Theatres in the 30s

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continuously looped movies; catholic groups

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Movies in the 30s

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"Golden Age" - first color and sound (opened business for different genres); depression proof; Snow White first feature-length animation

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King Kong in the 30s

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highest grossing movie $2million; empire state building image; "beauty killed the beast"

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Mickey Mouse in the 30s

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tug-boat cartoons; Disney legacy starts

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Marx Bros. in the 30s

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5 comedian brothers; made movie "Night at the Opera"; very popular

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Baseball in the 30s

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Negro teams played white teams; people watched the Negro leagues b/c they were cheaper

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First Phase of New Deal (1933-35) emphasized...

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relief and recovery through a united national effort

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Second Phase of New Deal (1935+) placed less emphasis on...

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unity and more on business regulation and on politics benefiting workers, small farmers, sharecroppers, migrant laborers, and others at the lower end of the scale

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What caused the depression?

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structural weakness in the American economy made the 1920s' prosperity unstable

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Due to _______, European economies crashed in 1931.

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massive war-debt payments and a huge trade imbalance

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Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

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made loans to banks; eventually pumped over $1billion into the economy; problem b/c it didnt give money directly to the people

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Bonus Marchers (1932)

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WWI vets. who went to DC to ask for their bonuses early; they were dispersed by force

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Hoffstadder on Roosevelt:

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- Adaptable/Flexible
- Chemist (mixing things together to see how they work)

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Frances Perkins

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former progressive reformer; first woman cabinet member; headed up the Social Security Act

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FDR's presidency was characterized by...

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a conglomeration of ideas from all different perspectives

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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) (1933)

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insured bank deposits up to $5,000

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Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) (1933)

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employed jobless youths for reforestation, park maintenance, and erosion control; .5million youths were earning $35/month in CCC camps

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Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) (1933)

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provided $500million to fill the empty relief coffers of states and cities

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Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) (1933)

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program by which producers of major agricultural products received subsidies (payments) in return for cutting production

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National Recovery Administration (NRA) (1933)

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brought together business leaders to draft codes of "fair competition"; set production limits, wages, and working conditions, and forbade price cutting and unfair competitive practices; banned child labor; declared unconstitutional in 1935; failed as a recovery measure

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Federal Securities Act (FSA) (1933)

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required companies to inform the government fully on all stock offerings; made executives personally liable for any misrepresentation of their company's securities

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Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (1934)

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curbed the purchase of stock on credit

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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) (1933)

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advanced the economic and social development of the Tennessee River valley, on of the nations poorest regions

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Civil Works Administration (CWA) (1933)

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through the winter, expended nearly $1billion on short-term work projects for the jobless; left after winter for fear of creating a permanent underclass "chillin' on well-fare"

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Works Progress Administration (WPA) (1935)

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funneled relief directly to individuals, and FDR insisted that the program provide work, not handouts; employed over 8million

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Writers Project

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Part of WPA; employed out-of-work authors; unemployed musicians gave free concerts

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Theatre Project

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Part of WPA; employed actors; dramatized contemporary social issues and was criticized as New Deal propaganda

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Youth Administration

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provided part-time work so college students could remain in school

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Why was the stimulus effect zero with regards to public-works programs?

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the money spent on the public-works programs was withdrawn from the economy by taxing or borrowing

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National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) (1935)

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guaranteed collective-bargaining rights, permitted closed shops, and outlawed such management tactics as blacklisting union organizers

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Second New Deal had a more ______-conscious thrust

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class

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Social Security Act (1935)

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long-range significance; pensions to federal workers, aid for the disabled; established principle of federal responsibility for social welfare

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During the 2nd New Deal, FDR focused on gaining the _____ and _____ votes.

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- African America
- Female

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Supreme Court Reform Bill (1937)

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would have allowed President to appoint an additional Supreme court member for each one over 70yrs old

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Farm Security Administration (1937)

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lent more than $1billion in short-term loans to allow tenant farmers to buy their own farms

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Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)

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banned child labor; established national minimum wage; maximum work week

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Congress of Industrial Organizations (1938)

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2million member association of industrial unions

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Indian Reorganization Act (1934)

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halted the sale of tribal lands and enabled tribes to regain title to unallocated lands