Us History: Chapter 4

Front 1

militia

Back 1

These were the part time farmers and businessmen who served as part-time soldiers whenever a danger of war existed.

Front 2

second continental congress

Back 2

This group was a gathering of delegates from all the colonies, met for the first time in May 1775 in Philadelphia, and assumed responsibility for the war.

Front 3

continental army

Back 3

This group, at first consisting of 1 year volunteers, would eventually become the backbone of the American forces fighting Britain.

Front 4

George Washington

Back 4

This man was chosen to lead troops in fighting the British because he came to the meeting in his dress uniform and because he was a Virginian.

Front 5

Thomas Paine

Back 5

This man wrote that by uniting to create a republic, Americans could create a model that would inspire people everywhere to reject kings.

Front 6

DoI

Back 6

This document explained the reasons why the colonies had the right to break away from England.

Front 7

Natural rights

Back 7

This concept from the Enlightenment proposed that all men are created with certain “freedoms” by an almighty creator.

Front 8

olive branch petition

Back 8

This document was a “last ditch” effort to avoid war by reaffirming the colonists’ allegiance to the king but not to Parliament.

Front 9

minutemen

Back 9

These people were a small hand-picked elite force which were required to be highly mobile and able to assemble quickly and were the first armed militia to arrive or await a battle.

Front 10

viginia declaration of rights

Back 10

This document written by George Mason and adopted June, 12, 1776, began with the premise “That all men are by nature equally free and independent, and have certain inherent rights…”

Front 11

common sense

Back 11

Published in 1776, this tract maintained that “the cause of America is in a great measure the cause of all mankind.” and argued for independence from Great Britain and the ability of the young country to prosper unfettered by the oppressive and economically draining English.

Front 12

john adams

Back 12

This lawyer, together with Josiah Quincy, defended the British soldiers accused of murder during the so-called Boston Massacre.

Front 13

thomas gage

Back 13

This British general was the military commander and royal governor of Massachusetts following the passage of the “Coercive Acts.”

Front 14

william howe

Back 14

This commander-in-chief of the British army drove Washington out of New York City and defeated him at Brandywine and Germantown before taking over Philadelphia.

Front 15

mercenaries

Back 15

These are soldiers who fight for anyone if the price is right.

Front 16

battle of trenton

Back 16

In this victory Washington surprised a garrison of 1000 men after he had crossed the Delaware. This victory boosted the morale of the army after suffering so many defeats.

Front 17

battle of princeton

Back 17

In this victory after silently leaving the site of a previous victory, Washington defeated a relatively large contingent of General Cornwallis’ troops.

Front 18

saratoga

Back 18

The victory in this battle could probably be attributed to Benedict Arnold and others rather than to Horatio Gates and gave France confidence to enter the war as an American ally.

Front 19

marquis de lafayette

Back 19

This Frenchman came to America to volunteer to help the Patriots during the Revolution. He eventually became an aide to Washington and was accepted almost as a son by Washington.

Front 20

benjamin franklin

Back 20

This man was thrown out of England for “leaking” some letters from Governor Hutchinson that had been stolen. He became a strong supporter of the Patriots while his son remained a strong Loyalist.

Front 21

valley forge

Back 21

At this winter encampment, which is often cited as one in which the soldiers suffered severely, became the training ground for the new Continental army that had been drilled by a German volunteer.

Front 22

monmouth

Back 22

This battle was the first in which the Continental army demonstrated their improved discipline under fire. This battle is also the battle which spawned the legend of “Molly Pitcher.”

Front 23

george rogers clark

Back 23

This man led the forces that captured Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes which eventually allowed Americans to lay claim to the Ohio River Valley.

Front 24

baron con steuben

Back 24

At Valley Forge this man turned a “ragtag” group into an army by first training a "model company," a group of 100 chosen men who then trained others in the brigades.

Front 25

csimir pulaski

Back 25

This man known as the “Father of the American Cavalry” was killed in battle at Savannah.

Front 26

bunker hilll

Back 26

This misnamed battle resulted in a “bloodbath” for the British as two charges failed to dislodge the Patriots and the third succeeded because the Patriots had run out of ammunition.

Front 27

john burgoyne

Back 27

This flamboyant “gentleman” proposed a three-pronged attack into New York to separate and isolate the northern colonies. His portion of the attack failed at Saratoga.

Front 28

joseph brant

Back 28

This Mohawk chief, who helped translate the book of Acts into Mohawk, was one of the most feared Indian leaders on the frontier during the Revolutionary War.

Front 29

john paul jones

Back 29

This man commanded the Bon Homme Richard in the battle against the British Serapis. He is later given credit as the “Father of the U. S. Navy.”

Front 30

henry knox

Back 30

This man successfully brought fifty cannon from Fort Ticonderoga by way of ox sleds to Dorchester Heights overlooking Boston.

Front 31

king's mountain

Back 31

This battle was the largest battle between Loyalists and Patriots. The Loyalists led by Patrick Ferguson surrendered when Ferguson was killed.

Front 32

yorktown

Back 32

At this place a British army surrendered. The surrender brought about the end of the Revolutionary War.

Front 33

treaty of Paris, 1783

Back 33

This document recognized American independence and granted generous boundaries to the United States.

Front 34

manumission

Back 34

This term refers to the practice of voluntarily freeing one’s slaves.

Front 35

cowpen

Back 35

In this battle the American defeated a British force led by Banastre Tarleton.

Front 36

guilford courthosue

Back 36

This battle in the South might be termed a draw. The Americans left the battlefield after the British commander opened fire on his own men with his cannons. The British decide to go to Yorktown after this battle.

Front 37

daniel morgan

Back 37

This Patriot leader accompanied Arnold on his trek to Canada, was a key figure with his riflemen in the victory at Saratoga, and designed the defense that defeated Tarleton at the Cowpens.

Front 38

thaddeus kosciusko

Back 38

This man was another of the foreigners who so ably aided the Revolution. He designed and built fortifications for the Patriots. He planned the fortifications for Saratoga and later became chief engineer at West Point.

Front 39

francis marion

Back 39

This man nicknamed the “Swamp Fox” employed Indian tactics learned from the Cherokee in fighting the British in the backwoods of the Carolinas.

Front 40

charles cornwallis

Back 40

This general led his troops through the south in a vain attempt to capture the American army led by Nathaneal Greene and finally took his troops to Yorktown where he eventually surrendered.