U.s. History Chapter 19 Flashcards

Front 1

progressivism

Back 1

~ movemnet for social change between the late 1890s and World War 1
~ its origins lay in a fear of big business and corrupt government and a desire to improve the lives of countless Americnas.
~ progressives set out to cure the social ills brought about by industrialization and urbanization, social disorder, and political corruption

Front 2

Ransome E. Olds

Back 2

~ he was the first one to use an automobile assembly line
~ he turnned out five thousand Olds runabouts in 1904

Front 3

Model T

Back 3

~ Ford introduced this modle in 1908
~ it was affordably priced so that every family could own one
~ a four cylner, 20-horsepower "Tin Lizzie," costing $850, and available only in black

Front 4

Tin Lizzie

Back 4

~ was another name for the Model T
~ it was Ford's car for the multitudes

Front 5

United Fruit

Back 5

~ an empire of plantations and steamships in the Caribbean
~ exploited opportunites created by victory with Spain

Front 6

General Eclectric

Back 6

~ founded the first industrial research laboratiy in 1900
~ housed in a barn
~ attracted experts who designed improvements in light bulbs, invented the cathode-ray tube, and worked on early radio

Front 7

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Back 7

~ an inventive mechanical engineer
~ strove to extract maximum efficiency from each worker
~ In The Principles of Scientific Management, Taylor proposed two major reforms
~ manage ment must take responsibility for job-related knowledge and classify it into "rules, laws, and formulae
~ second, management should control the workplace
~ the doctrines of scientific management spread through American industry

Front 8

"Principles of Scientific Management"

Back 8

~ was a book written by Frederick Taylor
~ in the book, Taylor propses two major reforms
~ first, management must take responsibility for job-related knowledge and classify it into "rules, laws, and formulae
~ second, management should control the workplace

Front 9

Triangle Shirtwaist Co.

Back 9

~ a fire at the Company in New York focused nationwide attention on unsafe working conditions
~ the fire hit, and workers couldnt get out because they were locked in to keep out union organizers
~ 146 people died

Front 10

WTUL

Back 10

~ 1903: this group worked to organize women into trade unions
~ it also lobbied for laws to safeguard female workers and backed several succssful srikes, especillay in the garment industry
~ it accepted all women who worked, regardless of skill
~ it never attracted many memebres, but its leaders were influential enough to give the union considerable power

Front 11

RFD

Back 11

~ rural free delivery (RFD), helped diminish the farmers' sense of isolation and changed farm life, by delivering mail to the farmer's doors
~ it exposed farmers to urban thinking, national advertising, and political events
~ 1911: more than one billion newspapers and magazines were delivered over RFD routes

Front 12

Rockefeller Sanitary Commission

Back 12

~ began a sanitation campaign that evenually wiped out the hookworm disease

Front 13

Newlands Act

Back 13

~ 1902: under the act, the secretary of the interior formed the US Reclamation Service, which gathered a staff of thousnads of engineers and technicians
~ it was the largest bureaucracy ever assembled in irrigation history

Front 14

David Graham Phillips

Back 14

~ a novelist who was troubled by the woman's problem
~ Phillips dpicted a husband's oppression of his wife in the Hungry Heart
~ Phillips was assinated by a man who thought his book was trying to destroy the whole ideal of womanhood

Front 15

Sheppard-Towner Act

Back 15

~ helped fund maternity nd pediatric clinics
~ it demonstrated the increasing effectiveness of women reformers in the Progressive Era
~ providing a precedent for the Social Security Act of 1935

Front 16

Margaret Sanger

Back 16

~ a nurse and outspoken reformer
~ led a campaign to give physicians broad discretion in prescribing contraceptives
~ Sanger was involved with the birth control movement
~ when she got involved, the federal Comstock Law banned the interstate transport of contraceptive devices and information

Front 17

Niagara Movement

Back 17

~ A movement led by W. E.B Du Bois, that focused on equal rights and the education of African American youth
~ members kept alive a program of militant action and claimed for African Americans all the rights afforded to other Americans
~ it spawned later civil rights movements

Front 18

NAACP

Back 18

~ 1909: this organization quickly became one of the most important civil rights organizations in the country
~ The NAACP pressured employers, labor unions, and the governmnet on behalf of African Americans

Front 19

Guinn v. U.S.

Back 19

~ the Supreme Court overturned a grandfather clause that kept African Americans from voting in Oklahoma

Front 20

Buchanon v Worley

Back 20

~ The Supreme Court struckdown a law in Louisville, Kentucky, that required resdiential segregation

Front 21

padroni

Back 21

~ were labor agents who recruited immigrant workers, found them jobs, and deducted a fee from their wages
~ they were called padroni amoung the Italians, Greeks, and Syrians
~ headquarterd in Salt Lake City
~ In Chicago, padroni employed more than one-fifth of all Italiens, in NYC, they controlled two-thirds of the entire labor force

Front 22

Leonidas Skliris

Back 22

~ was a leading padroni
~ provided workers for the Utah Copper Company and the Western Pacific Railroad

Front 23

Birds of Passage

Back 23

~ Temporary migrants who came to the U.S. to work and save money and then returned home to their native countries during the slack season
~ World War 1 interrupted the practice, trapping thousands of migrant workers in the U.S.

Front 24

Americanization

Back 24

~ Henry Ford and other employers tried to americanize immigrants through English classes

Front 25

coyotes

Back 25

~ labor agents called coyotes recruited Mexican workers

Front 26

barrios

Back 26

~ immigrant groups who formed enclaves in the cities
~ they became cultural islands of family life, foods, church, and festivals

Front 27

Samuel Gompers

Back 27

~ leader of the AFL
~ Gompers continued to resist organizing women
~ he had the larges union organization
~ it remained devoted to the interests of skilled craftspeople

Front 28

IWW (Wobblies)

Back 28

~ founded in 1905
~ this radical union, also knows as the Wobblies, aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests
~ it worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes
~ slogan, "Injury to one is an injury to all"

Front 29

Bill Haywood

Back 29

~ one of the founders of the IWW
~ he believed it was their purpose to overthrow the capitalist system by forcible means if neccessary

Front 30

Five Dollar Day

Back 30

~ Ford enacted the five dollar day in order to have coroperating workers and propositions
~ he doubled the wage rate for common labor, reduced the workingd day from 9 hours to 8, and established a personnel department to place workers in appropriate jobs

Front 31

Amoskeag

Back 31

~ the company was located beside the Merrimack River in Manchester, New Hampshire
~ the mills had been built in the 1830s
~ by 1900, they were producing nearly 50 miles of cloth an hour

Front 32

Irving Berlin

Back 32

~ Russian immigrant
~ wrote "Alexander's Ragtime Band"
~ ragtime started becoming a nationwide rage

Front 33

DW Griffith

Back 33

~ 1915: a talented and creative director, as well as racist, produced the first movie speculator
~ he adopted new film techniques, inclduing close-ups, fade-outs, and artistic camera angles
~ Birth of a Nation

Front 34

ASCAP

Back 34

~ founded by composer Victor Herbert and others
~ to protect musical rights and royalties

Front 35

Ashcan School

Back 35

~ the school of early twentieth century realist painters
~ they took as their subjects the slums and streets of the nation's ciies and the lives of ordinary urban dwellers
~ they often celebrated life in the city but also advocated political and social reform